This study aims to analyze the structure of the Polychaeta community on the soft substrate of the... more This study aims to analyze the structure of the Polychaeta community on the soft substrate of the subtidal zone in Manado Bay. Samples were taken by grab at 3 stations namely ST1 located at a depth of 8 m with black mud substrate; ST2 is located at a depth of 26 m with blackish sand substrate, and ST3 are located at a depth of 18 m with blackish sand as a substrate. From the three sampling stations, 27 species of 253 Polychaeta individuals were identified. Station 1, which is located near the mouth of the Bailang River, has high individual abundance but low species diversity. Station 2, which is located near the Megamas area, has moderate individual abundance but high species richness. Station 3, which is located around the Faculty of Medicine, Unsrat Malalayang, has low individual abundance but high species richness. Substrate types and anthropogenic disturbances such as enrichment of organic matter are thought to be determinants of individual abundance, composition, and species ri...
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Sediment samples were collected from 20 stations in the port areas around three cities (Jakarta, ... more Sediment samples were collected from 20 stations in the port areas around three cities (Jakarta, Bali and Manado) in Indonesia in 2011 and from 9 stations in the port areas in northern Kyushu, Japan in 2010. High concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) were found in sediments collected in front of the shipyard in Bitung port, Manado (4.25 μg/g wet weight) and in Benoa port, Bali (0.21 μg/g wet weight). High TBT concentrations were also detected in sediments from next to the shipyard in Hakata port (0.63 μg/g wet weight), Fukuoka, Japan. These results suggest that ports might be major sources of TBT pollution in Indonesia and Japan, even though TBT usage has been regulated in Japan since 1990.
Microalgae is one of the marine biota that has an important role in the waters because it acts as... more Microalgae is one of the marine biota that has an important role in the waters because it acts as a supplier of food in the waters. Microalgae is a biological source that needs to be exploited because it is rich in essential compounds. Dunaliella sp. is one of the many micro algae used as research. Utilization of Dunaliella sp. quite diverse and has been marketed in developed countries because of its very attractive economic value. This study aims to determine the effects of lead acetate compounds on growth and content of chlorophyll pigments microalgae Dunaliella sp. The results obtained in this study are the lead acetate compounds can affect the number of cells in the growth of microalgae and analysis results obtained with a spectrophotometer showed that the extraction concentration of control day 5 (Exponential Phase) was higher than the concentration of 15 ppm and 25 ppm, whereas extraction on day 21 (Death Phase) concentration of 15 ppm was higher than 25 ppm.Keywords : Dunalel...
Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species algae that is very widely developed in the tropical waters, ... more Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species algae that is very widely developed in the tropical waters, especially in Indonesia. The potential in these waters may decrease due to heavy metal pollution that accumulates in algae and sediments. Analyzing the content of heavy metal arsenic (As), using the SNI 01-2896-1998 test method, namely the metal contamination test method in food. The results obtained from this study were samples of brown and green Kapapphycus alvarezii taken from week I-V detected containing heavy metal arsenic (As) ranging from 0.17 - 0.42 ppm for green algae and 0.12 - 0.37 ppm for brown algae. This As concentration does not exceed the maximum heavy metal limit, which is 1.0 ppm for the maximum limit for heavy metal contamination in food. The concentration of heavy metal in sediments is 1.12 ppm, not exceeding the quality standard in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the maximum heavy metal limit for arsenic in sediment is below 10 mg/kg
The long-term goal of this research is the management of vaname shrimp culture that is certified ... more The long-term goal of this research is the management of vaname shrimp culture that is certified "Good Fish Cultivation" (GFC) based on environmentally friendly and sustainable technology so that its products can be accepted in domestic and foreign markets. The specific target is the implementation of phytoremediation technology in shrimp aquaculture at the Marine Field Station owned by FPIK UNSRAT which will be developed into the North Sulawesi Marine Education Center (NSMEC) area. The long-term goals and specific targets above will support the leading areas of maritime and maritime affairs in the Unsrat Research Master Plan. Analysis of water quality parameters and shrimp growth response using controlled-scale phytoremediation technology was carried out to see the remediation ability of Eucheuma denticulatum seaweed. Research method using phytoremediation technology application on white shrimp cultivation in the form of demonstration plots. The average growth in the plot...
The use of natural ingredients as immunostimulants to improve fish immunity continues to develop.... more The use of natural ingredients as immunostimulants to improve fish immunity continues to develop. This study is to determine the quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii extract from 3 cultivation locations in North Sulawesi and to compare the amount of carrageenan between non-ATC and ATC products in the form of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan). As immunostimulant, antioxidant activity was tested to measure IC50 of antioxidant activity. Results showed that there were differences in the quality of K. alvarezii extracts among 3 research locations. The highest carrageenan content was found Likupang NSMEC, 63.80% for non-ATC seaweed and 64.43% for the SRC, respectively. The percent of carrageenan content from Arakan Village was the lowest, 44.43% for non-ATC and 52.55% for SRC, respectively, while Talengen Bay had 46.14% for non-ATC and 57.16% for SRC. Alkaline treatment (SRC) can increase the percent of carrageenan. K. alvarezii extract is known to have bioactive ingredients as immunostimulants....
Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and anti... more Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to obtain symbiotic fungi isolates, ethyl acetate extracts from ascidian symbiotic isolates, and to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic isolates using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against the Candida albicans fungus. The results obtained 1 ascidian species which was cultured to obtain pure isolates, the pure isolates were tested molecularly and the results showed that the isolate was Aspergillus flavus, then the isolates were grown on rice medium and extracted. The results of the fungal extract showed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli by 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus by 19 mm and against the Candida albicans by 13.5 mm. Keywords : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus...
International Journal of Environmental Research, 2017
We investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution of the intertidal and supratidal ... more We investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution of the intertidal and supratidal zone using the wharf roach (Ligia sp.) as a novel environmental indicator. PAH and alkylated PAH (alkPAH) concentrations in wharf roaches collected from nine sampling sites on the central and northern coast of Japan in November 2011 were analyzed. Total alkPAH concentrations were higher than those of PAHs at all sampling sites. Seven sampling sites had relatively low total concentrations of PAHs and alkPAHs (57.7-130 and 276-770 ng/g-dry, respectively); they included sites in Miyagi Prefecture (St. 5 and 9) that were seriously damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake and by the following Tsunami on 11 March 2011. Two sampling sites (St. 2: Kominato, Aomori Prefecture; St. 3: Usushiri, Hokkaido) had higher concentrations of total PAHs and alkPAHs (PAHs, 1025 and 591 ng/g-dry, respectively; alkPAHs, 1490 and 1160 ng/g-dry, respectively). Diagnostic ratio calculation showed that St. 2 and 3 had PAHs of pyrolytic origin, possibly from vehicle exhaust gas or industrial fuel combustion, or both. The concentrations of these pollutants in the wharf roach were similar to those in bivalves and therefore likely reflected PAH pollution at the collection sites. The wharf roach may be a suitable candidate indicator of PAH pollution, not only in the intertidal zone inhabited by the currently used bivalve indicators, but also in the supratidal zone.
Although heavy metals have relatively low levels in water column and sediments, they will not be ... more Although heavy metals have relatively low levels in water column and sediments, they will not be degraded and can even be absorbed and accumulated by marine algae. Research on accumulation of heavy metals on algae was done in Kima Bajo Waters, North Minahasa Regency. The research objective was to evaluate the accumulation of four heavy metals, i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), plumbum (Pb), and mercury (Hg), on brown macroalgae Padina australis. The alga was introduced and cultivated in the research area using bottom method. The same method was also used in the experiment. One-week acclimatization process was done prior the experiment. Sampling of alga’s thallus was carried out every two weeks to measure the concentration of metals. The experiment was terminated after six weeks. Bottom sediment was also collected at the beginning of the experiment to measure the metal concentration. The results showed that the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) were accumulated in the algae. The highe...
The aims of this research were to determine the total mercury concentration of Cardinalfish (Spha... more The aims of this research were to determine the total mercury concentration of Cardinalfish (Sphaeramia Orbicularis) and the waters in aquaculture area of Pintu Kota, North Lembeh, Bitung, and its water quality paramaters (temperature, salinity, pH). The research was conducted from June to Nopember 2019 in the cultivation area of tiger grouper fish in which the fish and seawater were sampled and analyzed in the laboratory. Determination stations were done by purposive sampling which refers to the physiographic lacation wherever possible in order to represent or describe these waters. Station 1 represented the sea transpartion port of Lembeh Island (no cultivation), Station 2 where the cultivation A, Station 3 where the cultivation B. The results showed the concentration of the mercury obtained at Station 1 ranged from 0.00756 -0.00789 ppm, Station 2 ranged 0.00394-0.00418 ppm, and Station 3 ranges from 0.00506-0.00564 ppm. Whereas the concentration of mercury in seawaters samples w...
This study aims to analyze the structure of the Polychaeta community on the soft substrate of the... more This study aims to analyze the structure of the Polychaeta community on the soft substrate of the subtidal zone in Manado Bay. Samples were taken by grab at 3 stations namely ST1 located at a depth of 8 m with black mud substrate; ST2 is located at a depth of 26 m with blackish sand substrate, and ST3 are located at a depth of 18 m with blackish sand as a substrate. From the three sampling stations, 27 species of 253 Polychaeta individuals were identified. Station 1, which is located near the mouth of the Bailang River, has high individual abundance but low species diversity. Station 2, which is located near the Megamas area, has moderate individual abundance but high species richness. Station 3, which is located around the Faculty of Medicine, Unsrat Malalayang, has low individual abundance but high species richness. Substrate types and anthropogenic disturbances such as enrichment of organic matter are thought to be determinants of individual abundance, composition, and species ri...
Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University
Sediment samples were collected from 20 stations in the port areas around three cities (Jakarta, ... more Sediment samples were collected from 20 stations in the port areas around three cities (Jakarta, Bali and Manado) in Indonesia in 2011 and from 9 stations in the port areas in northern Kyushu, Japan in 2010. High concentrations of tributyltin (TBT) were found in sediments collected in front of the shipyard in Bitung port, Manado (4.25 μg/g wet weight) and in Benoa port, Bali (0.21 μg/g wet weight). High TBT concentrations were also detected in sediments from next to the shipyard in Hakata port (0.63 μg/g wet weight), Fukuoka, Japan. These results suggest that ports might be major sources of TBT pollution in Indonesia and Japan, even though TBT usage has been regulated in Japan since 1990.
Microalgae is one of the marine biota that has an important role in the waters because it acts as... more Microalgae is one of the marine biota that has an important role in the waters because it acts as a supplier of food in the waters. Microalgae is a biological source that needs to be exploited because it is rich in essential compounds. Dunaliella sp. is one of the many micro algae used as research. Utilization of Dunaliella sp. quite diverse and has been marketed in developed countries because of its very attractive economic value. This study aims to determine the effects of lead acetate compounds on growth and content of chlorophyll pigments microalgae Dunaliella sp. The results obtained in this study are the lead acetate compounds can affect the number of cells in the growth of microalgae and analysis results obtained with a spectrophotometer showed that the extraction concentration of control day 5 (Exponential Phase) was higher than the concentration of 15 ppm and 25 ppm, whereas extraction on day 21 (Death Phase) concentration of 15 ppm was higher than 25 ppm.Keywords : Dunalel...
Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species algae that is very widely developed in the tropical waters, ... more Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species algae that is very widely developed in the tropical waters, especially in Indonesia. The potential in these waters may decrease due to heavy metal pollution that accumulates in algae and sediments. Analyzing the content of heavy metal arsenic (As), using the SNI 01-2896-1998 test method, namely the metal contamination test method in food. The results obtained from this study were samples of brown and green Kapapphycus alvarezii taken from week I-V detected containing heavy metal arsenic (As) ranging from 0.17 - 0.42 ppm for green algae and 0.12 - 0.37 ppm for brown algae. This As concentration does not exceed the maximum heavy metal limit, which is 1.0 ppm for the maximum limit for heavy metal contamination in food. The concentration of heavy metal in sediments is 1.12 ppm, not exceeding the quality standard in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the maximum heavy metal limit for arsenic in sediment is below 10 mg/kg
The long-term goal of this research is the management of vaname shrimp culture that is certified ... more The long-term goal of this research is the management of vaname shrimp culture that is certified "Good Fish Cultivation" (GFC) based on environmentally friendly and sustainable technology so that its products can be accepted in domestic and foreign markets. The specific target is the implementation of phytoremediation technology in shrimp aquaculture at the Marine Field Station owned by FPIK UNSRAT which will be developed into the North Sulawesi Marine Education Center (NSMEC) area. The long-term goals and specific targets above will support the leading areas of maritime and maritime affairs in the Unsrat Research Master Plan. Analysis of water quality parameters and shrimp growth response using controlled-scale phytoremediation technology was carried out to see the remediation ability of Eucheuma denticulatum seaweed. Research method using phytoremediation technology application on white shrimp cultivation in the form of demonstration plots. The average growth in the plot...
The use of natural ingredients as immunostimulants to improve fish immunity continues to develop.... more The use of natural ingredients as immunostimulants to improve fish immunity continues to develop. This study is to determine the quality of Kappaphycus alvarezii extract from 3 cultivation locations in North Sulawesi and to compare the amount of carrageenan between non-ATC and ATC products in the form of SRC (Semi Refined Carrageenan). As immunostimulant, antioxidant activity was tested to measure IC50 of antioxidant activity. Results showed that there were differences in the quality of K. alvarezii extracts among 3 research locations. The highest carrageenan content was found Likupang NSMEC, 63.80% for non-ATC seaweed and 64.43% for the SRC, respectively. The percent of carrageenan content from Arakan Village was the lowest, 44.43% for non-ATC and 52.55% for SRC, respectively, while Talengen Bay had 46.14% for non-ATC and 57.16% for SRC. Alkaline treatment (SRC) can increase the percent of carrageenan. K. alvarezii extract is known to have bioactive ingredients as immunostimulants....
Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and anti... more Ascidian is a marine invertebrate that produce bioactive compounds such as antibacterial and antifungal. The purpose of this study was to obtain symbiotic fungi isolates, ethyl acetate extracts from ascidian symbiotic isolates, and to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethyl acetate extracts of symbiotic isolates using the diffusion method (disc diffusion Kirby and Bauer) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and against the Candida albicans fungus. The results obtained 1 ascidian species which was cultured to obtain pure isolates, the pure isolates were tested molecularly and the results showed that the isolate was Aspergillus flavus, then the isolates were grown on rice medium and extracted. The results of the fungal extract showed the presence of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Escherichia coli by 10 mm, Staphylococcus aureus by 19 mm and against the Candida albicans by 13.5 mm. Keywords : Ascidian, Eudistoma sp., Aspergillus...
International Journal of Environmental Research, 2017
We investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution of the intertidal and supratidal ... more We investigated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollution of the intertidal and supratidal zone using the wharf roach (Ligia sp.) as a novel environmental indicator. PAH and alkylated PAH (alkPAH) concentrations in wharf roaches collected from nine sampling sites on the central and northern coast of Japan in November 2011 were analyzed. Total alkPAH concentrations were higher than those of PAHs at all sampling sites. Seven sampling sites had relatively low total concentrations of PAHs and alkPAHs (57.7-130 and 276-770 ng/g-dry, respectively); they included sites in Miyagi Prefecture (St. 5 and 9) that were seriously damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake and by the following Tsunami on 11 March 2011. Two sampling sites (St. 2: Kominato, Aomori Prefecture; St. 3: Usushiri, Hokkaido) had higher concentrations of total PAHs and alkPAHs (PAHs, 1025 and 591 ng/g-dry, respectively; alkPAHs, 1490 and 1160 ng/g-dry, respectively). Diagnostic ratio calculation showed that St. 2 and 3 had PAHs of pyrolytic origin, possibly from vehicle exhaust gas or industrial fuel combustion, or both. The concentrations of these pollutants in the wharf roach were similar to those in bivalves and therefore likely reflected PAH pollution at the collection sites. The wharf roach may be a suitable candidate indicator of PAH pollution, not only in the intertidal zone inhabited by the currently used bivalve indicators, but also in the supratidal zone.
Although heavy metals have relatively low levels in water column and sediments, they will not be ... more Although heavy metals have relatively low levels in water column and sediments, they will not be degraded and can even be absorbed and accumulated by marine algae. Research on accumulation of heavy metals on algae was done in Kima Bajo Waters, North Minahasa Regency. The research objective was to evaluate the accumulation of four heavy metals, i.e. arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), plumbum (Pb), and mercury (Hg), on brown macroalgae Padina australis. The alga was introduced and cultivated in the research area using bottom method. The same method was also used in the experiment. One-week acclimatization process was done prior the experiment. Sampling of alga’s thallus was carried out every two weeks to measure the concentration of metals. The experiment was terminated after six weeks. Bottom sediment was also collected at the beginning of the experiment to measure the metal concentration. The results showed that the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, and Hg) were accumulated in the algae. The highe...
The aims of this research were to determine the total mercury concentration of Cardinalfish (Spha... more The aims of this research were to determine the total mercury concentration of Cardinalfish (Sphaeramia Orbicularis) and the waters in aquaculture area of Pintu Kota, North Lembeh, Bitung, and its water quality paramaters (temperature, salinity, pH). The research was conducted from June to Nopember 2019 in the cultivation area of tiger grouper fish in which the fish and seawater were sampled and analyzed in the laboratory. Determination stations were done by purposive sampling which refers to the physiographic lacation wherever possible in order to represent or describe these waters. Station 1 represented the sea transpartion port of Lembeh Island (no cultivation), Station 2 where the cultivation A, Station 3 where the cultivation B. The results showed the concentration of the mercury obtained at Station 1 ranged from 0.00756 -0.00789 ppm, Station 2 ranged 0.00394-0.00418 ppm, and Station 3 ranges from 0.00506-0.00564 ppm. Whereas the concentration of mercury in seawaters samples w...
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