Artiklen er skrevet på baggrund af et foredrag afholdt i anledning af Universitetets Psykologiske... more Artiklen er skrevet på baggrund af et foredrag afholdt i anledning af Universitetets Psykologiske Kliniks 60-års jubilaeum. I artiklen gives et overblik over klinikkens historie med den nationale og internationale psykologi som baggrund. Den såkaldte 'scientist-practitioner model' praesenteres, og der argumenteres for, at klinikken i dag fremstår styrket både i kraft af et faelles overordnet teoretisk udviklingspsykopatologisk perspektiv, og fordi arbejdet i klinikken i de seneste år i langt højere grad end tidligere har formået at integrere klinisk psykologisk forskning med klinisk praksis. Samtidig advares der mod en nedprioritering af praksis til fordel for forskningen, hvor det tidligere var forskningen, der ikke var tilstraekkelig tilgodeset .
Abstract A review of the history of the University Clinic at the Department of Psychology, Univer... more Abstract A review of the history of the University Clinic at the Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, is presented. The history of the Clinic can be viewed as a case illustrating more general trends at university clinics in Western societies. The history is viewed in relation to key points in the development of psychological science in general, with a special focus on clinical psychology and the emergence of social needs for clinical psychological practice in the wake of World War II. The so-called “scientist–practitioner” model is introduced, and it is argued that the higher priority given to research today is double-edged, entailing on the one hand the possibility of contributing to the development of research-based clinical theories and practices on a high level and on the other hand the risks of undermining university clinics tradition for clinical psychological practice and education.
The Scandinavian psychoanalytic review, Jul 2, 2016
During our time as the presidents of the Norwegian, the Swedish and the Danish Psychoanalytic soc... more During our time as the presidents of the Norwegian, the Swedish and the Danish Psychoanalytic societies we, Gunnar, Kari and I, have discussed our experiences in this important role. The following ...
Psykoanalysens betydning kan vurderes på forskellige måder: historisk, teoretisk, behandlingsmaes... more Psykoanalysens betydning kan vurderes på forskellige måder: historisk, teoretisk, behandlingsmaessigt, ud fra enkeltpersoners vaerk osv. I denne artikel tages udgangspunkt i Freuds banebrydende sygdomsforståelse, og der traekkes linjer frem til moderne psykodynamisk psykiatri og aktuelle diskussioner om diagnostik og kategorisering af psykisk lidelse. Herefter inddrages et område, som sjaeldent associeres med psykoanalytisk taenkning, nemlig den klinisk psykologiske testtradition, som psykoanalysen har vaeret en vaesentlig inspirationskilde til. Afslutningsvis introduceres tre repraesentanter for psykoanalysen, Thorkil Vanggaard, Otto Kernberg og Peter Fonagy, som på forskellig måde har praeget psykiatrien og psykologien fra 1950'erne og frem til i dag.
Nordisk psykiatrisk tidsskrift. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 1988
... forskellige. Den anorektiske familie beskrives typisk som socialt tilpasset, perfektio-nistis... more ... forskellige. Den anorektiske familie beskrives typisk som socialt tilpasset, perfektio-nistisk. ... selvstaendiggcbrelse. Barnet fikseres herved i en praecbdipal objektrelation, ligesom udviklingen af et autonomt jeg alvorligt Iaederes. ...
In this paper, psychoanalysis is viewed as a method in opposition to the reigning spirit of our a... more In this paper, psychoanalysis is viewed as a method in opposition to the reigning spirit of our age with its demands for fast and measurable results. The concept „the psychoanalytic room” is introduced in order to grasp the uniqueness of psychoanalysis and how it distinguishes itself from what is ordinarily held to be included under the category of work. The psychoanalytic room is explored in both a concrete and metaphoric sense and is discussed in relation to the concept of time, reality, Ogden's concept of the analytic third, and, inspired by Winnicott, children's play. The playroom of the child and its similarity with the analytic room is illustrated by the book „Benny's Bathtub” by the Danish author Flemming Kvist Møller.
The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Feb 1, 2011
The Danish Psychoanalytic Society (DPAS) is a young and small society; it celebrated its 50th ann... more The Danish Psychoanalytic Society (DPAS) is a young and small society; it celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2007 and now has 53 members, 23 candidates at different stages of their training, and seven who have just been accepted for the next theoretical course. Denmark is connected to Sweden geographically, historically and culturally. In recent years a bridge and well-organized public transport have strengthened the connections between the Copenhagen area and the southern part of Sweden with Malmç and the university city of Lund as the main cities. DPAS is one example of close relations between the two countries. Since the very beginning of psychoanalysis in Denmark, Sweden has played a decisive role in giving birth to our Society and keeping it alive. Nowadays nearly 50% of the members and 25% of the candidates are from Southern Sweden. Before World War II Sweden was the only Nordic country with a psychoanalytic society and, being a neutral country during the war, it attracted a number of immigrant analysts. After the war Sweden came to play an important role for the development of psychoanalysis in all the neighbouring countries. In 1949 a member of the Swedish society, Nils Nielsen, was invited to teach in Copenhagen, and he together with two Danes, Dr Vanggaard and Dr Bjerg-Hansen who had trained in New York and Vienna respectively, became the founders of a Danish psychoanalytic study group in 1953. The study group had eight members. It was an active and enthusiastic group, and in 1957 was accepted as a component society of the IPA and invited to host the world congress in Copenhagen in 1959. It was a flying start but the newborn society apparently did not grow and enlarge. Dr Vanggaard, who was chairman of the Society and consultant psychiatrist at the Copenhagen university hospital, held seminars in his office. He was a charismatic personality and his seminars attracted most of the academic staff. However, while he was chairman, the Society did not develop into a training institute and for many years only two people were accepted for training. While psychoanalysis during the following years was gradually losing its breath in Copenhagen, it was kept alive on the other side of the Sound in Malmç by Nils Nielsen. It was not until after Professor Reimer Jensen had taken over as chairman that the Society, on the initiative of two of Nielsen’s analysands, in 1975 finally organized a proper training programme (Bodin, 2004). The development of the Society was part of a growing interest in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented training among psychiatrists and psychologists. A psychotherapeutic culture did not exist in post-war Denmark. It gradually developed and during the 1980s and 1990s a big change took place. Around 1980 group analysis was introduced in Denmark and Int J Psychoanal (2011) 92:1–4 doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00401.x
The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different ki... more The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different kinds of treatment which have been used in relation to Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The difficulties in solving the enigma of AN are seen as connected with the conception of AN as a specific nosological entity. Contrary to this, AN is conceived as a specific kind of defense characterized by a splitting of the ego, where adaptation to part of reality is given up by means of denial. This less uniform conception makes it possible to encompass the personality trait common to anorectic patients as well as the differences between them. In the second part, the question of whether psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a suitable form of treatment is discussed. The partly affirmative answer is guided by the anorectic girl's own attempt towards a solution, which indicates a need for a protected, neutral, and emphatic space, where she gets the opportunity to express and develop herself. However, in many cases neither the physical nor the psychological conditions for establishing a therapeutic alliance is available. Finally, a need for modification in technique is considered.
The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different ki... more The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different kinds of treatment which have been used in relation to Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The difficulties in solving the enigma of AN are seen as connected with the conception of AN as a specific nosological entity. Contrary to this, AN is conceived as a specific kind of defense characterized by a splitting of the ego, where adaptation to part of reality is given up by means of denial. This less uniform conception makes it possible to encompass the personality trait common to anorectic patients as well as the differences between them. In the second part, the question of whether psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a suitable form of treatment is discussed. The partly affirmative answer is guided by the anorectic girl's own attempt towards a solution, which indicates a need for a protected, neutral, and emphatic space, where she gets the opportunity to express and develop herself. However, in many cases neither the physical nor the psychological conditions for establishing a therapeutic alliance is available. Finally, a need for modification in technique is considered.
The Scandinavian psychoanalytic review, Jul 3, 2019
ABSTRACT The word ‘hägring’ (in English. ‘mirage’) can be understood in different ways: as an unr... more ABSTRACT The word ‘hägring’ (in English. ‘mirage’) can be understood in different ways: as an unrealistic hope or wish that cannot be achieved (wishful thinking); as an image in a mirror of something that is not there, but in another place, and as a sign of something that has not yet become visible, for instance, the first rays of sunlight on the horizon before the sun has risen. These meanings represent different ways in which presence and absence interplay, and are all illustrated in Kjell Westö’s impressive novel from 2013 for which he received the Nordic Literature Prize in 2014. The action of the novel takes place during eight months in Helsinki from March to November 1938 and unravels how the past and present are woven together on a historical, societal and individual level. The present article will try to illustrate this.
Background Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patien... more Background Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patients undergoing surgery fails to achieve adequate WL. The reason for the individual variation in WL remains unexplained. Using an exploratory crossdisciplinary approach, we aimed to identify preoperative and early postoperative factors explaining the variation in WL after bariatric surgery. Methods Sixty-one subjects were recruited. Eighteen subjects did not receive surgery and three subjects dropped out, leaving a total sample of 40 subjects. Physiological, social, and psychological data were collected before and 6 months after surgery. All variables were analyzed in combination using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to explain the variation in WL 18 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 30) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 10). Results Mean WL was 31% (range: 10-52%). The following preoperative factors predicted 59% of the variation in WL: type of surgery (14%), diabetes status (12%), economic resources (9%), sex (7%), binge eating disorder (7%), degree of depression (5%), household type (3%), and physical activity (1%). Including information on early responses after surgery increased the ability to predict WL to 78% and was explained by early WL (47%), changes in energy density of food consumed from a buffet meal (9%), changes in glicentin (5%), degree of depression (5%), sex (5%), type of surgery (2%), economic resources (2%), and changes in drive for thinness (1%). Conclusions Using a cross-disciplinary approach, a substantial part of the individual variation in WL was explained by a combination of basic patient characteristics, psychological profile, and social conditions as well as physiological, psychological and behavioral responses to surgery. These results suggest that patient characteristics collected in a cross-disciplinary approach may help determine predictors for less successful WL after bariatric surgery. If verified in larger cohorts this may form the basis for individualized postoperative support to optimize WL outcome.
The neuropsychologic sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency vi... more The neuropsychologic sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus were studied by comparing the results of a neuropsychologic test battery administered to the following three groups of Danish homosexual men: 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 20 asymptomatic subjects who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, and a matched control group of 20 subjects who tested negative for the human immunodeficiency virus. The group with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome performed significantly worse than the control subjects on the tests measuring concentration, memory, and psychomotor speed. The group with human immunodeficiency virus performed significantly worse than the control subjects on the tests measuring verbal memory and psychomotor speed. On the other tests, their results varied. The study supports the hypothesis that not only patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but also asymptomatic subjects with human immunodeficiency virus may be neuropsychologically impaired early in the course of the disease.
Ti tl en på denne art ikel »Sundhedens anoreksi og sygdom m ens« er en parafrase over titlen på d... more Ti tl en på denne art ikel »Sundhedens anoreksi og sygdom m ens« er en parafrase over titlen på den Psyke & L ogos konference, der ligger til grund for dette tem anum m er af tidsskriftet. M en er det ikke noget vae rre sludder? Kan man overhovedet tale om sundhedens anoreksi? Jeg vil vende tilbage til spørgsm ålet og i første om gang sige, at anoreksi kan anskues ud fra forskellige vinkler ligesom betydningen af anoreksi historisk har undergået store forandringer. Anor eks i kommer af det gr aes ke or d an-or exi s og bet yder f r avaer af s ul t (a n = u d e n , o re x is = a p p e tit). P å d a n sk a n v e n d e s b e te g n e lse n n e rv ø s sp isev ae g rin g. D en n e b eteg n else er m ere d ae k k en d e, fo r d e p erso n er d er h ar anoreksi er ofte sm addersultne, m en vae lger af viljem ae ssige grunde ikke at spise eller at indskrae nke deres fødeindtagelse til et m inim um. M otivet herfor kan vae re forskelligt og varierer m ed forskellige personer og forskellige historiske epoker. Den mest kendte anorektiker der har levet er Catarina af Siena. Hun levede i det 14. århundrede (1347-80) og fastede ifølge sin egen og sam tidens forståelse af religiøse grunde. H endes m otiv for ikke at spise og for en lang rae kke andre uhyrlige, selvpålagte plager var at sige nej til det verdslige liv og leve et liv i ideel renhed med Gud. Catarina dannede forbillede for en lang rae kke religiøst begrundede anoreksier, som fulgte i hendes kølvand. Udover disse hellige anoreksier, som de er blevet kaldt, har anoreksi også vae ret økonom isk og politisk begrundet. A noreksi som politisk prote s tv å b e n e r k e n d t, iø v rig t n ae s te n u d e lu k k e n d e p ra k tis e re t a f m ae n d. D e t 112 Susanne Lunn er klinisk psykolog og psykoanalytiker og er lektor ved Institut for Psykologi, K øbenhavns U niversitet.
ABSTRACT Autobiographical memory plays an important part in psychotherapeutic treatments, but lit... more ABSTRACT Autobiographical memory plays an important part in psychotherapeutic treatments, but little is known about how client and treatment factors shape the features of autobiographical memory narratives shared in therapy. This study examined the effect of client attachment and depression, therapy type, and time on the frequency, specificity, emotional valence, and content of autobiographical memory narratives told by eight clients during psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. Multilevel analysis of autobiographical memory features indicated different autobiographical memory profiles over time depending on client attachment and therapy type. Higher levels of client depression predicted increased proportions of general memories and more discussion of eating-disorder-related events. The proportion of specific memory narratives increased across time in both therapy types, but the increase in memory specificity was not related to treatment outcome. Overall, the study indicates that the amount and kind of autobiographical memory material articulated by psychotherapy clients may differ with both client characteristics and therapy type and may change across the treatment process.
Artiklen er skrevet på baggrund af et foredrag afholdt i anledning af Universitetets Psykologiske... more Artiklen er skrevet på baggrund af et foredrag afholdt i anledning af Universitetets Psykologiske Kliniks 60-års jubilaeum. I artiklen gives et overblik over klinikkens historie med den nationale og internationale psykologi som baggrund. Den såkaldte 'scientist-practitioner model' praesenteres, og der argumenteres for, at klinikken i dag fremstår styrket både i kraft af et faelles overordnet teoretisk udviklingspsykopatologisk perspektiv, og fordi arbejdet i klinikken i de seneste år i langt højere grad end tidligere har formået at integrere klinisk psykologisk forskning med klinisk praksis. Samtidig advares der mod en nedprioritering af praksis til fordel for forskningen, hvor det tidligere var forskningen, der ikke var tilstraekkelig tilgodeset .
Abstract A review of the history of the University Clinic at the Department of Psychology, Univer... more Abstract A review of the history of the University Clinic at the Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, is presented. The history of the Clinic can be viewed as a case illustrating more general trends at university clinics in Western societies. The history is viewed in relation to key points in the development of psychological science in general, with a special focus on clinical psychology and the emergence of social needs for clinical psychological practice in the wake of World War II. The so-called “scientist–practitioner” model is introduced, and it is argued that the higher priority given to research today is double-edged, entailing on the one hand the possibility of contributing to the development of research-based clinical theories and practices on a high level and on the other hand the risks of undermining university clinics tradition for clinical psychological practice and education.
The Scandinavian psychoanalytic review, Jul 2, 2016
During our time as the presidents of the Norwegian, the Swedish and the Danish Psychoanalytic soc... more During our time as the presidents of the Norwegian, the Swedish and the Danish Psychoanalytic societies we, Gunnar, Kari and I, have discussed our experiences in this important role. The following ...
Psykoanalysens betydning kan vurderes på forskellige måder: historisk, teoretisk, behandlingsmaes... more Psykoanalysens betydning kan vurderes på forskellige måder: historisk, teoretisk, behandlingsmaessigt, ud fra enkeltpersoners vaerk osv. I denne artikel tages udgangspunkt i Freuds banebrydende sygdomsforståelse, og der traekkes linjer frem til moderne psykodynamisk psykiatri og aktuelle diskussioner om diagnostik og kategorisering af psykisk lidelse. Herefter inddrages et område, som sjaeldent associeres med psykoanalytisk taenkning, nemlig den klinisk psykologiske testtradition, som psykoanalysen har vaeret en vaesentlig inspirationskilde til. Afslutningsvis introduceres tre repraesentanter for psykoanalysen, Thorkil Vanggaard, Otto Kernberg og Peter Fonagy, som på forskellig måde har praeget psykiatrien og psykologien fra 1950'erne og frem til i dag.
Nordisk psykiatrisk tidsskrift. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 1988
... forskellige. Den anorektiske familie beskrives typisk som socialt tilpasset, perfektio-nistis... more ... forskellige. Den anorektiske familie beskrives typisk som socialt tilpasset, perfektio-nistisk. ... selvstaendiggcbrelse. Barnet fikseres herved i en praecbdipal objektrelation, ligesom udviklingen af et autonomt jeg alvorligt Iaederes. ...
In this paper, psychoanalysis is viewed as a method in opposition to the reigning spirit of our a... more In this paper, psychoanalysis is viewed as a method in opposition to the reigning spirit of our age with its demands for fast and measurable results. The concept „the psychoanalytic room” is introduced in order to grasp the uniqueness of psychoanalysis and how it distinguishes itself from what is ordinarily held to be included under the category of work. The psychoanalytic room is explored in both a concrete and metaphoric sense and is discussed in relation to the concept of time, reality, Ogden's concept of the analytic third, and, inspired by Winnicott, children's play. The playroom of the child and its similarity with the analytic room is illustrated by the book „Benny's Bathtub” by the Danish author Flemming Kvist Møller.
The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, Feb 1, 2011
The Danish Psychoanalytic Society (DPAS) is a young and small society; it celebrated its 50th ann... more The Danish Psychoanalytic Society (DPAS) is a young and small society; it celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2007 and now has 53 members, 23 candidates at different stages of their training, and seven who have just been accepted for the next theoretical course. Denmark is connected to Sweden geographically, historically and culturally. In recent years a bridge and well-organized public transport have strengthened the connections between the Copenhagen area and the southern part of Sweden with Malmç and the university city of Lund as the main cities. DPAS is one example of close relations between the two countries. Since the very beginning of psychoanalysis in Denmark, Sweden has played a decisive role in giving birth to our Society and keeping it alive. Nowadays nearly 50% of the members and 25% of the candidates are from Southern Sweden. Before World War II Sweden was the only Nordic country with a psychoanalytic society and, being a neutral country during the war, it attracted a number of immigrant analysts. After the war Sweden came to play an important role for the development of psychoanalysis in all the neighbouring countries. In 1949 a member of the Swedish society, Nils Nielsen, was invited to teach in Copenhagen, and he together with two Danes, Dr Vanggaard and Dr Bjerg-Hansen who had trained in New York and Vienna respectively, became the founders of a Danish psychoanalytic study group in 1953. The study group had eight members. It was an active and enthusiastic group, and in 1957 was accepted as a component society of the IPA and invited to host the world congress in Copenhagen in 1959. It was a flying start but the newborn society apparently did not grow and enlarge. Dr Vanggaard, who was chairman of the Society and consultant psychiatrist at the Copenhagen university hospital, held seminars in his office. He was a charismatic personality and his seminars attracted most of the academic staff. However, while he was chairman, the Society did not develop into a training institute and for many years only two people were accepted for training. While psychoanalysis during the following years was gradually losing its breath in Copenhagen, it was kept alive on the other side of the Sound in Malmç by Nils Nielsen. It was not until after Professor Reimer Jensen had taken over as chairman that the Society, on the initiative of two of Nielsen’s analysands, in 1975 finally organized a proper training programme (Bodin, 2004). The development of the Society was part of a growing interest in psychoanalysis and psychoanalytically oriented training among psychiatrists and psychologists. A psychotherapeutic culture did not exist in post-war Denmark. It gradually developed and during the 1980s and 1990s a big change took place. Around 1980 group analysis was introduced in Denmark and Int J Psychoanal (2011) 92:1–4 doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2010.00401.x
The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different ki... more The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different kinds of treatment which have been used in relation to Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The difficulties in solving the enigma of AN are seen as connected with the conception of AN as a specific nosological entity. Contrary to this, AN is conceived as a specific kind of defense characterized by a splitting of the ego, where adaptation to part of reality is given up by means of denial. This less uniform conception makes it possible to encompass the personality trait common to anorectic patients as well as the differences between them. In the second part, the question of whether psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a suitable form of treatment is discussed. The partly affirmative answer is guided by the anorectic girl's own attempt towards a solution, which indicates a need for a protected, neutral, and emphatic space, where she gets the opportunity to express and develop herself. However, in many cases neither the physical nor the psychological conditions for establishing a therapeutic alliance is available. Finally, a need for modification in technique is considered.
The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different ki... more The first part of this paper presents a review of the many psychiatric diagnoses and different kinds of treatment which have been used in relation to Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The difficulties in solving the enigma of AN are seen as connected with the conception of AN as a specific nosological entity. Contrary to this, AN is conceived as a specific kind of defense characterized by a splitting of the ego, where adaptation to part of reality is given up by means of denial. This less uniform conception makes it possible to encompass the personality trait common to anorectic patients as well as the differences between them. In the second part, the question of whether psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a suitable form of treatment is discussed. The partly affirmative answer is guided by the anorectic girl's own attempt towards a solution, which indicates a need for a protected, neutral, and emphatic space, where she gets the opportunity to express and develop herself. However, in many cases neither the physical nor the psychological conditions for establishing a therapeutic alliance is available. Finally, a need for modification in technique is considered.
The Scandinavian psychoanalytic review, Jul 3, 2019
ABSTRACT The word ‘hägring’ (in English. ‘mirage’) can be understood in different ways: as an unr... more ABSTRACT The word ‘hägring’ (in English. ‘mirage’) can be understood in different ways: as an unrealistic hope or wish that cannot be achieved (wishful thinking); as an image in a mirror of something that is not there, but in another place, and as a sign of something that has not yet become visible, for instance, the first rays of sunlight on the horizon before the sun has risen. These meanings represent different ways in which presence and absence interplay, and are all illustrated in Kjell Westö’s impressive novel from 2013 for which he received the Nordic Literature Prize in 2014. The action of the novel takes place during eight months in Helsinki from March to November 1938 and unravels how the past and present are woven together on a historical, societal and individual level. The present article will try to illustrate this.
Background Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patien... more Background Bariatric surgery leads to a substantial weight loss (WL), however, a subset of patients undergoing surgery fails to achieve adequate WL. The reason for the individual variation in WL remains unexplained. Using an exploratory crossdisciplinary approach, we aimed to identify preoperative and early postoperative factors explaining the variation in WL after bariatric surgery. Methods Sixty-one subjects were recruited. Eighteen subjects did not receive surgery and three subjects dropped out, leaving a total sample of 40 subjects. Physiological, social, and psychological data were collected before and 6 months after surgery. All variables were analyzed in combination using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to explain the variation in WL 18 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 30) and sleeve gastrectomy (n = 10). Results Mean WL was 31% (range: 10-52%). The following preoperative factors predicted 59% of the variation in WL: type of surgery (14%), diabetes status (12%), economic resources (9%), sex (7%), binge eating disorder (7%), degree of depression (5%), household type (3%), and physical activity (1%). Including information on early responses after surgery increased the ability to predict WL to 78% and was explained by early WL (47%), changes in energy density of food consumed from a buffet meal (9%), changes in glicentin (5%), degree of depression (5%), sex (5%), type of surgery (2%), economic resources (2%), and changes in drive for thinness (1%). Conclusions Using a cross-disciplinary approach, a substantial part of the individual variation in WL was explained by a combination of basic patient characteristics, psychological profile, and social conditions as well as physiological, psychological and behavioral responses to surgery. These results suggest that patient characteristics collected in a cross-disciplinary approach may help determine predictors for less successful WL after bariatric surgery. If verified in larger cohorts this may form the basis for individualized postoperative support to optimize WL outcome.
The neuropsychologic sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency vi... more The neuropsychologic sequelae of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human immunodeficiency virus were studied by comparing the results of a neuropsychologic test battery administered to the following three groups of Danish homosexual men: 20 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 20 asymptomatic subjects who tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus, and a matched control group of 20 subjects who tested negative for the human immunodeficiency virus. The group with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome performed significantly worse than the control subjects on the tests measuring concentration, memory, and psychomotor speed. The group with human immunodeficiency virus performed significantly worse than the control subjects on the tests measuring verbal memory and psychomotor speed. On the other tests, their results varied. The study supports the hypothesis that not only patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome but also asymptomatic subjects with human immunodeficiency virus may be neuropsychologically impaired early in the course of the disease.
Ti tl en på denne art ikel »Sundhedens anoreksi og sygdom m ens« er en parafrase over titlen på d... more Ti tl en på denne art ikel »Sundhedens anoreksi og sygdom m ens« er en parafrase over titlen på den Psyke & L ogos konference, der ligger til grund for dette tem anum m er af tidsskriftet. M en er det ikke noget vae rre sludder? Kan man overhovedet tale om sundhedens anoreksi? Jeg vil vende tilbage til spørgsm ålet og i første om gang sige, at anoreksi kan anskues ud fra forskellige vinkler ligesom betydningen af anoreksi historisk har undergået store forandringer. Anor eks i kommer af det gr aes ke or d an-or exi s og bet yder f r avaer af s ul t (a n = u d e n , o re x is = a p p e tit). P å d a n sk a n v e n d e s b e te g n e lse n n e rv ø s sp isev ae g rin g. D en n e b eteg n else er m ere d ae k k en d e, fo r d e p erso n er d er h ar anoreksi er ofte sm addersultne, m en vae lger af viljem ae ssige grunde ikke at spise eller at indskrae nke deres fødeindtagelse til et m inim um. M otivet herfor kan vae re forskelligt og varierer m ed forskellige personer og forskellige historiske epoker. Den mest kendte anorektiker der har levet er Catarina af Siena. Hun levede i det 14. århundrede (1347-80) og fastede ifølge sin egen og sam tidens forståelse af religiøse grunde. H endes m otiv for ikke at spise og for en lang rae kke andre uhyrlige, selvpålagte plager var at sige nej til det verdslige liv og leve et liv i ideel renhed med Gud. Catarina dannede forbillede for en lang rae kke religiøst begrundede anoreksier, som fulgte i hendes kølvand. Udover disse hellige anoreksier, som de er blevet kaldt, har anoreksi også vae ret økonom isk og politisk begrundet. A noreksi som politisk prote s tv å b e n e r k e n d t, iø v rig t n ae s te n u d e lu k k e n d e p ra k tis e re t a f m ae n d. D e t 112 Susanne Lunn er klinisk psykolog og psykoanalytiker og er lektor ved Institut for Psykologi, K øbenhavns U niversitet.
ABSTRACT Autobiographical memory plays an important part in psychotherapeutic treatments, but lit... more ABSTRACT Autobiographical memory plays an important part in psychotherapeutic treatments, but little is known about how client and treatment factors shape the features of autobiographical memory narratives shared in therapy. This study examined the effect of client attachment and depression, therapy type, and time on the frequency, specificity, emotional valence, and content of autobiographical memory narratives told by eight clients during psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. Multilevel analysis of autobiographical memory features indicated different autobiographical memory profiles over time depending on client attachment and therapy type. Higher levels of client depression predicted increased proportions of general memories and more discussion of eating-disorder-related events. The proportion of specific memory narratives increased across time in both therapy types, but the increase in memory specificity was not related to treatment outcome. Overall, the study indicates that the amount and kind of autobiographical memory material articulated by psychotherapy clients may differ with both client characteristics and therapy type and may change across the treatment process.
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