Papers by Surya Mani Dhungana
Headquartered in Mexico, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (known by its Spani... more Headquartered in Mexico, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (known by its Spanish acronym, CIMMYT) is a not-for-profit agriculture research and training organization. The center works to reduce poverty and hunger by sustainably increasing the productivity of maize and wheat in the developing world. CIMMYT maintains the world's largest maize and wheat seed bank and is best known for initiating the Green Revolution, which saved millions of lives across Asia and for which CIMMYT's Dr. Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. CIMMYT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium and receives support from national governments, foundations, development banks, and other public and private agencies. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) 2012. All rights reserved. The designations employed in the presentation of materials in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of CIMMYT or its contributory organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed are those of the author(s), and are not necessarily those of CIMMYT or our partners. CIMMYT encourages fair use of this material. Proper citation is requested. The CIMMYT Socioeconomics Program (SEP) Working Papers series contain preliminary material and research results from CIMMYT social scientists and its partners. The papers are subject to an internal peer review. They are circulated in order to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of their home institutions or supporting organizations. For more information on this series contact the CIMMYT website.
The research was done in order to assess vulnerability to climate change for livestock raising ho... more The research was done in order to assess vulnerability to climate change for livestock raising households in Chitwan district of Nepal. The six different villages namely, Gitanagar, Patihani, Padampur, Megauli, Gunjanagar and Ayodhyapuri of Chitwan district were purposively selected for the study. The 60 households from each VDC and altogether 360 household were randomly selected. The descriptive statistics as well as trend analysis was used to study the different socio-demographic variables and climatic pattern. The integrated vulnerability assessment approach was used to assess the climate change vulnerability to the livestock holders in the study area. Annual incremental the temperature and rainfall over the past 30 years were 0.0430C and 0.93 mm respectively. All of the respondents perceived about the climate change to some extent. Self-experience was sufficient (about 58 % of the respondent) to know about the climate change. The various adaptation strategy adopted by the farmer...
Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2020
A study was carried to assess the production and marketing status of natural rubber in Jhapa dist... more A study was carried to assess the production and marketing status of natural rubber in Jhapa district in 2019, from a random sample of 70 households and 5 traders. Results were drawn using descriptive and inferential statistics employing SPSS and MS-Excel. The average area under natural rubber cultivation was 2.2 bigha and the productive area was 1.21 bigha. The average rubber sheet produced per household was 1167.092 kg and average yield was found to be 958.77 kg/bigha in the study area. The average annual household income from natural rubber was found to be NRs. 233418.57 which contributes 58.54 percent in the total household income. Three marketing channels were identified and the price spread ranged from NRs. 20 to 40. The producers' share in consumers' price ranged from 81.82% to 90.91%. The major production problem identified was the lodging by wind (0.80) and the major marketing problem faced by producers and traders was the absence of grading facility (0.82). Rubber farms were found to be a profitable farm enterprise with a discounted benefit-cost ratio of 1.88. The calculated NPV was 410992.40, IRR was 22% and PBP was 8.52 years respectively denoting the sustainability of rubber cultivation. RRIM 600, RRII 105 and GT1 were the major growing varieties of rubber in the study area. The cost of establishment in the first year (48.702%) is highest compared to the following years. The selling price of latex and sheet was found higher in 2015 and 2016 with a reduction of price in 2017 due to the high import of Indonesian rubber sheet. This research tries to present the general idea on the overall production and marketing status in the study area.
Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2019
This study investigates the economics of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) production in the Sal... more This study investigates the economics of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rose.) production in the Salyan district of Nepal. The production economics was assessed by the household survey in purposively selected Sharada municipality and Siddhakumakh Rural Municipalities. The semi-structured interview schedule was administered to interview randomly selected fortythree producers from Sharada Municipality and thirty-one producers from Siddhakumakh Rural Municipality. The results indicated that the ginger production was found to be a profitable enterprise in the study area with an average B:C ratio of 1.55. The overall productivity of ginger in the study area was found to be 16.28 MT/ha. The Cobb-Douglas production function indicates that ginger production exhibited increasing returns to scale at a decreasing rate. The regression function of 0.784 implies that if all the inputs specified in the production function are increased by 100%, the gross return will increase by about 78.4%.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2017
A survey research was conducted in Sauraha-Pharsatikar VDC of the Rupandehi district to study the... more A survey research was conducted in Sauraha-Pharsatikar VDC of the Rupandehi district to study the perspective response of the farming communities on the impacts of the climate change in agricultural crops. Primary information was collected from household survey by administering pre-tested questionnaire and necessary data were collected from National Wheat Research Project (NWRP), Bhairahawa. Several results are obtained on the recall basis of the respondents thus they can not assumed correctly and all the past information provided by the farmers cannot be cross checked due to the lack of sufficient and reliable system for recording and checking. The trend analysis of rainfall data of Bhairahawa of 30 years (1984-2013) showed that the pattern of rainfall was irregular and it was in a decreasing trend by 1.944 mm per year and average maximum temperature has increased by 0.0.15oC and average minimum temperature has increased by 0.0.61oC per year which justifies that the summers are gro...
Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2016
The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed pr... more The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed producers. A field survey was carried out in sixty households of Khanchikot VDC of Arghakhanchi district during May, 2014. The district was major seed producing district and Khanchikot was found better in seed production than other VDC in district. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule. About 57% were seed producer among the sample. The average family size of household was 5. Dependency ratio was less in seed producing households (0.41) than non-seed producers (0.72). Farmers were involved in the production of certified seed and the major (50%) source of foundation seed was National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. The external input like chemical fertilizer was used in fewer amounts in the study area. The seed test was done at regional laboratory, Bhairahawa and sold to DADO, Arghakhanchi. Decision on loan taking, business operation and bank account were taken by males whereas cropping pattern, deficit labor use, religious and social works related decision were taken by females in the household. Major problem in maize production were lack of technical assistance followed by inadequate irrigation facilities. Proper training, extension service and government support on inputs would help in better socioeconomic condition and production of maize.
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2016
A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Scie... more A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS), Rampur during winter season of 2014/2015 to find out the response of wheat varieties under different sowing dates. There was 9 treatments consisting three date of sowing (November 14, November29 and December 14) in main plot and three varieties namely Tillotama, Danfe and Vijay in sub-plot and were arranged in split plot design with three replications. The grain yield was significantly higher (3.09 tha-1) at November 14 whereas highest straw yield was recorded for November 29 sown wheat (5.61 t ha-1). Effective tiller (414) and number of grain per spike (34.34) were highest for November 29 sown wheat. The late sown wheat had more sterile floret (42.65%) while early sown wheat had highest thousand grain weight (51.23 g). Danfe had highest straw yield (5.87 t/ha). Effective tiller/m2 (419) and sterility percentage (43.35%) of Danfe was highest. Number of grains per spike (37.89...
American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2020
This study assesses the change in the climatic variables in the western region of Nepal. Monthly ... more This study assesses the change in the climatic variables in the western region of Nepal. Monthly data on minimum temperature, maximum temperature and rainfall for five stations, namely, Chame, Lumle, Khudibazar, Khairenitar and Dumkauli of Manang, Kaski, Lumjung, Tanahu and Nawalparasi districts respectively, obtained from the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM) of Nepal are considered. Data availability for these three variables are not uniform and ranges earlier from 1970 to the latest 2018. To measure the change in the climatic variables, the first data were deseasonalized using classical multiplicative technique taking a moving average of twelve periods and central moving average and finally, the ordinary least squared method was applied to estimate the trend. Further, the student's t-test confirmed whether there is any significant change or time trend in the variable. The study also performed both Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests for robustness check to the trend. The study result shows that maximum temperature has increased in all stations; the minimum temperature has increased in Khudibazar, Khairenitar and Dumkauli stations; and rainfall has increased in Chame and, decreased in Lumle and Khairenitar stations. Further, both maximum temperature and minimum temperature have increased faster in higher altitudes; and rainfall has decreased slower in lower altitudes. Both Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests are consistent with the result. The outcome of the study which is based on local stations could be useful information for making climate change adaption strategy at the local level.
Journal of Maize Research and Development, 2016
The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed pr... more The purpose of this study was to assess the socioeconomic condition of maize seed and non-seed producers. A field survey was carried out in sixty households of Khanchikot VDC of Arghakhanchi district during May, 2014. The district was major seed producing district and Khanchikot was found better in seed production than other VDC in district. Simple random sampling technique was used to collect data using pre-tested interview schedule. About 57% were seed producer among the sample. The average family size of household was 5. Dependency ratio was less in seed producing households (0.41) than non-seed producers (0.72). Farmers were involved in the production of certified seed and the major (50%) source of foundation seed was National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan. The external input like chemical fertilizer was used in fewer amounts in the study area. The seed test was done at regional laboratory, Bhairahawa and sold to DADO, Arghakhanchi. Decision on loan taking, business operation and bank account were taken by males whereas cropping pattern, deficit labor use, religious and social works related decision were taken by females in the household. Major problem in maize production were lack of technical assistance followed by inadequate irrigation facilities. Proper training, extension service and government support on inputs would help in better socioeconomic condition and production of maize.
Nepal Journal of Mathematical Sciences
Climate change is one of the serious concerns which have a substantial impact in all areas of hum... more Climate change is one of the serious concerns which have a substantial impact in all areas of human civilization. Among these areas, agriculture is the worst hit sector. This study aims to analyze the determinants of households’ adaptation practices against climate change impact on off-farm activities in western hill of Nepal. It utilizes the data collected from six village development committees from three districts (Lamjung, Tanahu and Kaski) of western hill of Nepal. Out of 245793 Households 556 households were chosen for the survey. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire through face to face interview with household head or a household member having age 45 years and above with residing in that locality since last 15 years. Binary logistic regression analysis has been carried out. Household size is only the matter for determining the households' adaptation practices for shifting t...
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Papers by Surya Mani Dhungana