Papers by sugeng sapto Surjono
Journal of Applied Geology
An integrated subsurface study has been performed for a large and mature field at the Bekasap For... more An integrated subsurface study has been performed for a large and mature field at the Bekasap Formation in Central Sumatra Basin. The Bekasap Formation sand represents an undeveloped reservoir because of its heterogeneity. There are five sand reservoirs (BK1, BK2, BK3, BK4, and BK5) from Bekasap Formation, which each zone or layer bounded by a flooding surface. Each sand reservoir has particular characterization based on petrophysical properties that represent geological process. The petrophysical properties consist of shale volume, porosity, and water saturation obtained by wireline log calculation. This study uses conventional core data to validate the log calculation to achieve an accurate interpretation. Bekasap reservoir is a sandstone reservoir deposited in an estuarine with tide-dominated. Formation evaluation was done to determine the interest zone by petrophysical properties. The result well-log calculation and reservoir cut-offs showed the thickest reservoir in the BK 3 wi...
Open Journal of Geology
Granulometric analysis of Ngrayong sandstone samples from Rembang area of NE Java (Indonesia) has... more Granulometric analysis of Ngrayong sandstone samples from Rembang area of NE Java (Indonesia) has been carried out to examine the textural characteristics and elucidate depositional environment. The result data from the grain size analysis indicates that the Ngrayong sediments are classified as sand or muddy sands. They are very fine-to medium-grained (phi values: 1.67 to 3.35), moderately-to well-sorted (standard deviation: 0.19 to 0.57), strongly fineskewed to strongly coarse-skewed (skewness values: 4.82 to −5.97), and very platykurtic to very leptokurtic (kurtosis values: 0.36 to 2.41). Sandstone samples show unimodal grain size distribution. The sediments are interpreted to be transported in all three modes-traction, saltation and suspension, however, suspension and rolling are the major processes during transportation. Discriminant functions indicate diversity in the depositional environment for the sandstones. However, shallow marine is regarded as the dominant depositional environment. The preponderance of fine-grained sediments and lack of coarse sands suggest low to moderate energy conditions during deposition of Ngrayong sediments.
ASEAN Engineering Journal, Dec 1, 2015
Gendol River flows from the south slope of Merapi Volcano meets Opak River to form a wider river,... more Gendol River flows from the south slope of Merapi Volcano meets Opak River to form a wider river, namely Opak River. In the upper stream of Opak and Gendol Rivers area, volcanic material accumulated from the 2010 Merapi Volcano eruption that ready to flow downstream through both rivers. The total amount of volcanic material in the Merapi’s peak area is predicted as much as 140 million cubic meters, part of it is distributed in the upper stream of both rivers. In the downstream area, the Opak River flows nearby the great Prambanan Temple and across the main road of Yogyakarta-Surakarta capital cities. To know the laharic flow disaster potential of both rivers, collecting of primary data along the river flows is needed in order to understand the characteristic and mechanism of laharic flows. DEM analysis combined with ArcGIS 9.3 tools are applied to know the additional volume of volcanic material after 2010 Merapi Volcano eruption. The triggering factor of laharic flows in the study area including the runoff, soil water saturation rate, rainfall and soil water saturation time are mathematically calculated based on data analysis on soil mechanics. Based on the calculation of thickness and distribution in the Merapi Peak area, the mass volcanic material that is ready to be transported as the laharic flows through Gendol and Opak Rivers is around 14,745,496 m. The volcanic material can transform into laharic flows by initial runoff if the soil water saturation column reach at least 5.96 m. With the rainfall average in the southern part of Merapi Volcano is 17.32 mm/day, that saturation value can be reached by 21.8 hours in the upper stream area and 17.67 hours in the lower part area. If the laharic flows occurred, the damage would happen in villages along the rivers, Prambanan Temple, and Opak River’s Bridge connecting Yogyakarta-Surakarta main road.
Objective of this research is to understand tectonic event and stratigraphy in order to know bett... more Objective of this research is to understand tectonic event and stratigraphy in order to know better about petroleum potential of this area. Method used in this research is taking primary field data and combine with secondary data to interpret the results. The primary data of 841 shear fractures had been measured from the field in Banyumas basin, from various lithological formation such as Karangsambung Formation as the oldest, then Gabon Formation, Halang Formation, Kumbang Formation and Tapak Formation. The result is, there are 3 (three) paleostress from after Eocene to Pliocene age: (1) Paleostress NW-SE with transpressive or compressional strike-slip regime at after Eocene to Late Oligocene, (2) Paleostress NNW-SSE with pure strike-slip regime in Miocene and (3) Paleostress NNE-SSW with pure compressional regime in Pliocene. Generally, the paleostress is rotating clockwise, and stratigraphy of every tectonic events show an opportunity to the petroleum potential of this basin. Key...
The present Eastern Indonesia is largely a result of the Neogene subduction of the NW continental... more The present Eastern Indonesia is largely a result of the Neogene subduction of the NW continental margin of Australian plate and its associated shelf, beneath the oceanic Banda Sea plate. The Tanimbar Islands are interpreted as the most distal parts of the Australian passive margin deformed and uplifted a foldbelt during the arc-continent collision. This collision complex is bounded to the south and east by Timor and Tanimbar Trough, interpreted as bathymetric depression (foredeep) within the Australian margin. The tectonic processes are further influenced by Late Miocene to Recent, strike-slip tectonics generated by the westward moving Pacific Plate. Since Neogene time, the Timor-Tanimbar Trough toward northwest Australian continental is actually foreland basin which developed from passive margin due to tectonic collision. The basin evolution passed through two phases of Palaeozoic extension, followed by Late Triassic compression, and then further extension in the Mesozoic that cul...
Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2018
Carbonate reservoirs are known as heterogeneous reservoirs due to their pore complexity caused by... more Carbonate reservoirs are known as heterogeneous reservoirs due to their pore complexity caused by depositional setting and diagenetic process. This complexity can create comprehension about storage capacity and flow capacity, including water saturation. A reservoir characterisation method using a flow zone indicator (FZI) can be useful to divide reservoir rock based on its flow unit, as well as irreducible water saturation. Reservoir characterisation is applied to the Kujung formation, in Jago and the Bravo Structure, North East Java Basin which has an invalid calculation of Archie's water saturation. First, the flow unit is identified by FZI, then the water saturation of the reservoir is calculated by the Leverett J-Function method for which every flow unit has its irreducible water saturation. From the FZI method, the Kujung formation can be divided into three flow units with their own characteristics. Flow unit 1 has a channelling pore type and a 0.25 Swirr value, flow unit 2 has a vuggy pore type and a 0.39 Swirr value, while flow unit 3 has a highly cemented interparticle pore type and a 0.43 Swirr value. Water saturation, calculated by using the Leverett J-Function method, provides a more precise result compared to Archie's water saturation method, which has been validated by fractional flow test in the Kujung reservoir interval. It is inferred that the reservoir characterisation implies an excellent prediction of water saturation by using the J-Function method.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
Selected coal samples of Batu Ayau formation in Murung Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were a... more Selected coal samples of Batu Ayau formation in Murung Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia were analyzed in order to evaluate its coking properties for metallurgical propose. The samples from an active coal mine were collected using the channel sampling method and analyzed for proximate and ultimate coal analysis, maceral analysis, CSN, fluidity, FTIR and HGI analysis. The results indicated that the coals are classified into medium volatile bituminous in rank, based on 70.73% of fix carbon, 26.77 % of volatile matter, 1.06% vitrinite reflectance and FTIR analysis. In terms of petrographic, the coals are characterized by 97% dominant vitrinite group while inertinite and liptinite are only present in a small amount. The ultimate coal analysis shows the 85.72 % carbon content, 0.51% total sulfur content and 0.013% phosphorus. The resultant of CSN test showed value 9 and the maximum fluidity value is 1092 ddpm while HGI indicated value 97 as result. Therefore, medium volatile bituminous coal of Batu Ayau, which met the present testing as good quality coking coal, is suitable to be used as the material to make high-quality metallurgical coke for the blast furnace.
International Conference and Exhibition, Melbourne, Australia 13-16 September 2015, 2015
Singkapan batuan yang merupakan data penting di bidang geologi semakin hari mengalami proses degr... more Singkapan batuan yang merupakan data penting di bidang geologi semakin hari mengalami proses degradasi berupa pelapukan, dan sering menjadi sasaran pembukaan lahan atau dijadikan bahan tambang sehingga keberadaannya semakin terancam. Dalam rangka preservasi singkapan yang ada di permukaan, terutama di daerah Palaran yang memiliki singkapan geologi yang ideal, maka dilakukan pembuatan Digital Outcrop Model (DOM). Untuk mendapatkan properti batuan berupa porositas dan litofasies pada singkapan, dilakukan pembuatan stratigrafi terukur dan pengambilan sampel pada enam singkapan di area BPJS, Palaran, Samarinda. Analisis stratigrafi dari stratigrafi terukur menghasilkan sebelas (11) litofasies yang dapat dikelompokkan menjadi lima (5) asosiasi fasies, meliputi: (1) upper distributary channel; (2) flood plain deposit; (3) distal delta front; (4) mud flat; dan (5) fluvial channel. Analisis selanjutnya dilakukan untuk menentukan geometri, distribusi fasies dan distribusi porositas dengan an...
Rock units of the Middle Miocene Balikpapan Formation are well exposed in a section near Samarind... more Rock units of the Middle Miocene Balikpapan Formation are well exposed in a section near Samarinda city, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, geologically lying within the Lower Kutai Basin (Figure 1). The succession is characterized by thick sandstone bodies alternating with shales and coal beds. No petrologic work (except for reflectance studies) has been carried out in this area, so the nature of the mires is unknown. In this study, a composite log of 250 m (not including soil interval) of exposed sediments was made and petrographic examination along with the maceral analysis was performed in order to determine the depositional environment of the Samarinda coals.
Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 2018
Acoustic emission (AE) is a well-established method for geophysical calculations. Nowadays, it is... more Acoustic emission (AE) is a well-established method for geophysical calculations. Nowadays, it is widely used for damage evaluation. For a better understanding of the damage mechanics of materials such as rocks, the sonic wave that has led to AE, has been used to monitor stresses, which induce crack closure, crack initiation and crack damage. In the present study, an AE system was used to study the behaviour of discontinuities on some Tanjung Enim brown coal samples, which were subjected to uniaxial compression. As such, several samples were vacuumed in a container filled with 100% carbon dioxide (CO 2) after the adsorption of high saturated CO 2 at a certain pressure for 84 h prior to the testing. Meanwhile, some samples were vacuumed unsaturated. In order to determine whether CO 2 had any adverse effect on the strength of coal, the comparison was performed between the unsaturated and saturated samples. Moreover, strain gauges were installed on the samples and the measured axial and volumetric strains were studied in conjunction with the AE counts. By virtue of this, the AE method was reliable to detect the onset of pre-crack initiation and the crack damage stress threshold of the black coal samples. Crack initiation and crack closure of the samples subjected to stress corresponding to the percentage of the peak strength when compared to the unsaturated and saturated samples. Nevertheless, crack damage occurred at a higher percentage of peak strength for in unsaturated condition compared to CO 2 saturated samples. The results indicated that sorption of CO 2 can cause the reduction in strength of the brown coal samples when tested under the uniaxial compression. As the coal samples were highly heteregeneous, more tests are required to confirm whether the adsorption of CO 2 will cause strength reduction in coal. This will eventually identify the actual underlying CO 2 sorption mechanisms. c arbon dioxide can be stored in coal under three different states: as an adsorbed gas by adsorbing onto the surface of the micro-, meso-and macropore and fracture systems within the coal; as a absorbed gas; as a free gas in the voids
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 2006
A revision on the Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy of east Johor has been made. The Palaeozoic of eas... more A revision on the Palaeozoic lithostratigraphy of east Johor has been made. The Palaeozoic of east Johor comprises of the Mersing Formation, Murau Formation, Dohol Formation, Linggiu Formation, Sedili Volcanic, Jasin Volcanic and Pengerang Tuff. The pre-Permian Mersing Formation, the oldest known rock unit is entirely made up of metamorphosed sedimentary rock of shallow marine origin. Unconformably overlying this unit is the Murau Formation which developed in a small continental faulted basin. The siliciclastic Dohol Formation containing late Early to early Middle Permian Sumalayang limestone as well as the Late Permian Linggiu Formation are also unconformably overlying the Mersing Formation, as are the volcanic units of Pengerang Tuff, Sedili and Jasin Volcanics. The three volcanic units are thought to be contemporaneous and are closely related to the Early to Middle Permian Dohol Formation and the overlying Late Permian Linggiu Formation. The absence of volcanic clasts in the Murau Formation indicates that the later is a prevolcanic, hence prelate Early Permian formation. The shallow marine Linggiu Formation and the associated volcanic rocks are the youngest Palaeozoic formation in east Johor.
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Several greywacke sandstones considered as Paleozoic rocks are found in three different formation... more Several greywacke sandstones considered as Paleozoic rocks are found in three different formations, i.e. the Dohol, Linggiu, and Tanjung Leman Formations within the Palaeozoic East Johor Basin. The compositions of twenty-nine sandstone samples were identified using petrographical and geochemical methods to determine the provenance of sandstones as well as the tectonic setting of pre-and syn-sedimentation. Seven samples of them were examined using point counting method to obtain the mineralogical compositions. This petrographical point counting was done by plotting composition percentages to QFL and QmFLt triangular diagrams, The results showed a magmatic arc for Dohol Formation, a change from a magmatic to a recycled orogen for Linggiu Formation, and a recycled orogen for Tanjung Leman Formation. The recycled orogen tectonic setting of Linggiu and Tanjung Leman may have come from the underlying metamorphic and sedimentary rocks of Mersing and Murau Formations. Meanwhile, twenty-two samples were examined using a geochemical method by utilizing the ratio of K 2 O/Na 2 O and SiO 2. The samples suggest a tectonic setting from both passive continental margin (PM) and active continental margin (ACM). Based on these findings, it is interpreted that the sedimentary rocks in East Johor were deposited in a subduction-related basin, such as fore-arc, magmatic arc, and back-arc.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The Sand-5 Reservoir in the Talang Akar Formation is the main oil and gas producer in the Field ‘... more The Sand-5 Reservoir in the Talang Akar Formation is the main oil and gas producer in the Field ‘S’, Asri Basin, Indonesia. Reservoir rock type (RRT) can be applied to optimize the performance of this reservoir. This study aims to compare the RRT methods between Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) and Windland R35 to find the best RRT method. Both methods utilized the porosity and permeability to classify the number of RRT, subsequently validated by the regression value (R2) of core permeability with predicted permeability. Four RRT values have been identified for both methods that are RRT-1 represent the very good reservoir quality, RRT-2 represents the good reservoir quality, RRT-3 represents the moderate reservoir quality and also RRT-4 represents the poor reservoir quality. The numbers of porosity and permeability for HFU method is 32-40% and 19.3-29.4 Darcy (RRT-1); 31-39% and 5.3-18.3 Darcy (RRT-2); 20-36% and 0.4-6.8 Darcy (RRT-3); 15-34% and 0.01-0.4 Darcy (RRT-4), while for Windland ...
ASEAN Engineering Journal, 2012
Geological Society of Malaysia (GSM), 2003
Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2019
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2021
In the hydrogeological map sheet of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Mountain Zone is catego... more In the hydrogeological map sheet of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, the Mountain Zone is categorized as an area of scarce groundwater. This research is intended to determine the parameters of groundwater potential in the area of scarce groundwater according to the Groundwater Potentiality Index (GPI) methods, including; fractures, lithology, slope, topography, and rainfall. Fracture parameters, distribution, and topography were collected from the Indonesia Geospatial Portal and the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The lithological parameters were obtained from data from the Geological Agency due to the Interpretation of Remote Sensing Images. Rainfall data for the last ten years was obtained from reports. Results show that most of the research area is a fairly massive rock area, and there are some local faults. The lithological parameters indicate that the research area is composed of breccias, sandstones, and tuffs. Distribution parameters obtained information that most distributio...
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2020
The study area is located near Tempuran Village, Rembang Zone, North-East Java. Ngrayong sandston... more The study area is located near Tempuran Village, Rembang Zone, North-East Java. Ngrayong sandstone is a famous reservoir in north-east Java, mainly composed of sandstones which are exposed along east-west trending along the southern flank of Pakel Anticline. Eighteen samples from four different facies from eight outcrops conducted for granulometry analysis. The objective of this paper is to predict the reservoir potential base on granulometry analysis especially grain size and sorting. The study area is still needs to confirm about reservoir quality. Ngrayong Formation consists of laminated to thin bedded sandstone facies, thick bedded to massive sandstone facies, calcareous sandstone facies and cross-bedded sandstone facies. According to the analytical results, sandstone facies are composed of very fine to fine, poorly sorted to very well sorted sandstones. Base on the results of analyzed samples, Ngrayong sandstone have good porosity and permeability, thus Tempuran area can be con...
Berita Sedimentologi, 2021
A team was formed by the Indonesian Association of Geologist (IAGI) in early 2021 to revisit the ... more A team was formed by the Indonesian Association of Geologist (IAGI) in early 2021 to revisit the Indonesian Stratigraphic Nomenclature which was issued in 1996. After 25 years many experts find that the document needs to be updated. The team is a mix of geologists with both academic and industry background. Several representatives from the Geological Agency who are involved in the Stratigraphic Lexicon document were also invited in the discussion. The team meeting was set on a regular basis to evaluate the existing nomenclature and look on areas for improvement. In each meeting the team will discuss a certain section of the nomenclature document. A three years work programme was set and reported on this article. In the first year the team will investigate areas for improvement, followed by revising necessary content in the second year. Implementation and promoting the nomenclature are planned for the third year.This short communication aims to engage a wider community on the process...
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Papers by sugeng sapto Surjono