La presente invention concerne un procede de raffinerie comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, un... more La presente invention concerne un procede de raffinerie comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, un procede de craquage et un procede de cokefaction, qui est utilise pour la production d'hydrocarbures, dans une condition comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, une condition adiabatique et une condition pseudo-adiabatique. En particulier, l'invention concerne l'additif comprenant un catalyseur et un support et des utilisations correspondantes, l'additif conduisant a une reduction de la formation de coke dans un procede de production d'hydrocarbures.
The respective inlets (34,32) of the riser (35) introduce regenerated catalyst and reactivated ad... more The respective inlets (34,32) of the riser (35) introduce regenerated catalyst and reactivated adsorbent from outlets (50,60) of catalyst and adsorbent regenerators (44,54), through by-pass valves (51,61), respectively. The outlets in bottom and intermediate locations of stripper with separator (37) are respectively connected to catalyst and adsorbent regenerators, when the particle size of catalyst is larger than coked adsorbent. An Independent claim is also included for a fluidized catalytic cracking process.
Procedimiento de craqueo catalitico en lecho fluidizado (FCC) para fabricar propileno y etileno c... more Procedimiento de craqueo catalitico en lecho fluidizado (FCC) para fabricar propileno y etileno con un rendimiento aumentado, comprendiendo dicho procedimiento someter a craqueo una corriente de nafta olefinica y materia prima de hidrocarburos principal en combinacion con una corriente de hidrocarburos C4 olefinicos en una unidad de FCC que tiene uno o mas tubos inyectores, en el que cada tubo inyector de FCC comprende una zona de elevacion en la parte inferior del mismo, una boquilla de alimentacion de corriente de elevacion en la parte de abajo de la zona de elevacion, una boquilla de alimentacion de materia prima de hidrocarburos principal por encima de la zona de elevacion y una boquilla de alimentacion de nafta olefinica en una ubicacion a lo largo de la zona de elevacion entre la boquilla de alimentacion de corriente de elevacion y la boquilla de alimentacion de materia prima de hidrocarburos principal, y en el que el catalizador de FCC mixto comprende zeolita p entasil prefer...
Process development for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass, a carbon neutral sou... more Process development for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass, a carbon neutral source of energy, has been researched very extensively in the recent past. One of the technical challenges in biomass gasification is to produce clean syngas with no tar. Tar removal by employing secondary bed is a solution, but faces higher cost and reliability issues. Hence, extensive work is directed to produce syn gas with no tar formation in the gasifier bed itself, by employing suitable catalyst or other options. In the present work, a dual fluidized bed process for catalytic gasification of biomass is proposed for the production of high quality syngas. This process employs an alkali impregnated alumina or silica-alumina catalyst that eliminates tar formation completely, while increasing the H 2 to CO molar ratio to more than 10. The catalyst is able to completely gasify the volatiles and solid char generated from biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 750 ℃, at near atmospheric pressure, with catalyst to biomass ratio of 10-20 and steam to biomass ratio of 1.0. The present work established for the first time, a new solid-solid catalytic reaction mechanism based on the novel concept of "migratory catalysis", which is supported by in-depth micro-reactor studies, phase identification by in-situ XRD and conventional XRD. It has been established in this work that potassium from the catalyst particles becomes mobile and migrates to feed carbon particles through mass transfer of volatile potassium intermediate, which has low vapor pressure <2.4 x 10-2 Pa at temperature of 600-910 ℃, but sufficient enough for required mass transfer at gasification conditions. However, potassium migrates back to the catalyst particles by the reaction of KOH with carbon dioxide in the reaction environment. Thus, there is no effective loss of potassium (K)
Recent research has concentrated on the adsorption-based CO 2 capture process with dry regenerabl... more Recent research has concentrated on the adsorption-based CO 2 capture process with dry regenerable adsorbents that follows carbonate−bicarbonate chemistry in a thermal-swing mode. The potential advantages of solid adsorbents for CO 2 capture were assessed on a pilot scale. The performance of 35 wt % K 2 CO 3 supported on alumina was investigated in both batch (non-circulating) and continuous operation with adsorbent circulation mode. The effect of various parameters, such as adsorption and desorption temperatures, water vapor content in the flue gas stream, gas-hourly space velocity, mode of adsorbent regeneration, etc., were investigated in the system comprised of bubbling fluidized-bed adsorber and desorber. It has been found that the formation of hydrated species of K 2 CO 3 during the desorption process in turn facilitates the CO 2 adsorption reaction in the adsorber. The overall energy demand seems to be reduced during partial regeneration of the adsorbent, as against the requirement of 141 kJ/mol for full regeneration, and is thoroughly validated by DSC. It implies a reduced energy demand for adsorbent regeneration as compared to the conventional amine absorption process. The results showed more than 80% CO 2 removal using a simulated flue gas stream comprised of 8.3 vol % CO 2 , 15.8 vol % H 2 O, and the rest N 2. The adsorbent displayed excellent structural stability even after 144 h of continuous operation with adsorbent circulation. The stability and lower energy demand for adsorbent regeneration in the continuous fluidized-bed reactor system at the pilot scale were very promising and encouraging for the economic viability of the capture process.
International Journal of Library and Information Science, Nov 30, 2013
Cloud computing comes in several different forms and this research paper discusses how service, p... more Cloud computing comes in several different forms and this research paper discusses how service, platform and infrastructure forms of cloud computing have been used to serve library needs. Following an overview of these uses the experience of one library in migrating IT infrastructure to a cloud environment and concludes with a model for assessing cloud computing. Development of cloud computing for integrated library management and retrieval system on the basis of global recommendation include Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Open Library Environment Project (OLE) and the recommendation of Integrated Library System for Discovery Interface (ILS-DI); and in this regard, the most comprehensive open source software for designing and developing the Internet based services is selected.
Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Dec 28, 2013
This paper attempts to design a framework for comparison of standards available in public domain ... more This paper attempts to design a framework for comparison of standards available in public domain and implementation of standards facilities in open source ILSs. The framework is mainly based on recommendations given by ILS-DI and IFLA Working Group on the area under consideration. It takes into account global standards like metadata, interoperability, digital preservation, web access and application programming interface etc. Two open source ILSs (from the matured block of ILSs) namely NewGenLib and Koha are compared against a set of parameters related with standards and drawn from global recommendations.
La presente invention concerne un procede de raffinerie comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, un... more La presente invention concerne un procede de raffinerie comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, un procede de craquage et un procede de cokefaction, qui est utilise pour la production d'hydrocarbures, dans une condition comprenant, mais sans s'y limiter, une condition adiabatique et une condition pseudo-adiabatique. En particulier, l'invention concerne l'additif comprenant un catalyseur et un support et des utilisations correspondantes, l'additif conduisant a une reduction de la formation de coke dans un procede de production d'hydrocarbures.
The respective inlets (34,32) of the riser (35) introduce regenerated catalyst and reactivated ad... more The respective inlets (34,32) of the riser (35) introduce regenerated catalyst and reactivated adsorbent from outlets (50,60) of catalyst and adsorbent regenerators (44,54), through by-pass valves (51,61), respectively. The outlets in bottom and intermediate locations of stripper with separator (37) are respectively connected to catalyst and adsorbent regenerators, when the particle size of catalyst is larger than coked adsorbent. An Independent claim is also included for a fluidized catalytic cracking process.
Procedimiento de craqueo catalitico en lecho fluidizado (FCC) para fabricar propileno y etileno c... more Procedimiento de craqueo catalitico en lecho fluidizado (FCC) para fabricar propileno y etileno con un rendimiento aumentado, comprendiendo dicho procedimiento someter a craqueo una corriente de nafta olefinica y materia prima de hidrocarburos principal en combinacion con una corriente de hidrocarburos C4 olefinicos en una unidad de FCC que tiene uno o mas tubos inyectores, en el que cada tubo inyector de FCC comprende una zona de elevacion en la parte inferior del mismo, una boquilla de alimentacion de corriente de elevacion en la parte de abajo de la zona de elevacion, una boquilla de alimentacion de materia prima de hidrocarburos principal por encima de la zona de elevacion y una boquilla de alimentacion de nafta olefinica en una ubicacion a lo largo de la zona de elevacion entre la boquilla de alimentacion de corriente de elevacion y la boquilla de alimentacion de materia prima de hidrocarburos principal, y en el que el catalizador de FCC mixto comprende zeolita p entasil prefer...
Process development for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass, a carbon neutral sou... more Process development for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass, a carbon neutral source of energy, has been researched very extensively in the recent past. One of the technical challenges in biomass gasification is to produce clean syngas with no tar. Tar removal by employing secondary bed is a solution, but faces higher cost and reliability issues. Hence, extensive work is directed to produce syn gas with no tar formation in the gasifier bed itself, by employing suitable catalyst or other options. In the present work, a dual fluidized bed process for catalytic gasification of biomass is proposed for the production of high quality syngas. This process employs an alkali impregnated alumina or silica-alumina catalyst that eliminates tar formation completely, while increasing the H 2 to CO molar ratio to more than 10. The catalyst is able to completely gasify the volatiles and solid char generated from biomass in the temperature range of 500 to 750 ℃, at near atmospheric pressure, with catalyst to biomass ratio of 10-20 and steam to biomass ratio of 1.0. The present work established for the first time, a new solid-solid catalytic reaction mechanism based on the novel concept of "migratory catalysis", which is supported by in-depth micro-reactor studies, phase identification by in-situ XRD and conventional XRD. It has been established in this work that potassium from the catalyst particles becomes mobile and migrates to feed carbon particles through mass transfer of volatile potassium intermediate, which has low vapor pressure <2.4 x 10-2 Pa at temperature of 600-910 ℃, but sufficient enough for required mass transfer at gasification conditions. However, potassium migrates back to the catalyst particles by the reaction of KOH with carbon dioxide in the reaction environment. Thus, there is no effective loss of potassium (K)
Recent research has concentrated on the adsorption-based CO 2 capture process with dry regenerabl... more Recent research has concentrated on the adsorption-based CO 2 capture process with dry regenerable adsorbents that follows carbonate−bicarbonate chemistry in a thermal-swing mode. The potential advantages of solid adsorbents for CO 2 capture were assessed on a pilot scale. The performance of 35 wt % K 2 CO 3 supported on alumina was investigated in both batch (non-circulating) and continuous operation with adsorbent circulation mode. The effect of various parameters, such as adsorption and desorption temperatures, water vapor content in the flue gas stream, gas-hourly space velocity, mode of adsorbent regeneration, etc., were investigated in the system comprised of bubbling fluidized-bed adsorber and desorber. It has been found that the formation of hydrated species of K 2 CO 3 during the desorption process in turn facilitates the CO 2 adsorption reaction in the adsorber. The overall energy demand seems to be reduced during partial regeneration of the adsorbent, as against the requirement of 141 kJ/mol for full regeneration, and is thoroughly validated by DSC. It implies a reduced energy demand for adsorbent regeneration as compared to the conventional amine absorption process. The results showed more than 80% CO 2 removal using a simulated flue gas stream comprised of 8.3 vol % CO 2 , 15.8 vol % H 2 O, and the rest N 2. The adsorbent displayed excellent structural stability even after 144 h of continuous operation with adsorbent circulation. The stability and lower energy demand for adsorbent regeneration in the continuous fluidized-bed reactor system at the pilot scale were very promising and encouraging for the economic viability of the capture process.
International Journal of Library and Information Science, Nov 30, 2013
Cloud computing comes in several different forms and this research paper discusses how service, p... more Cloud computing comes in several different forms and this research paper discusses how service, platform and infrastructure forms of cloud computing have been used to serve library needs. Following an overview of these uses the experience of one library in migrating IT infrastructure to a cloud environment and concludes with a model for assessing cloud computing. Development of cloud computing for integrated library management and retrieval system on the basis of global recommendation include Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), Open Library Environment Project (OLE) and the recommendation of Integrated Library System for Discovery Interface (ILS-DI); and in this regard, the most comprehensive open source software for designing and developing the Internet based services is selected.
Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Dec 28, 2013
This paper attempts to design a framework for comparison of standards available in public domain ... more This paper attempts to design a framework for comparison of standards available in public domain and implementation of standards facilities in open source ILSs. The framework is mainly based on recommendations given by ILS-DI and IFLA Working Group on the area under consideration. It takes into account global standards like metadata, interoperability, digital preservation, web access and application programming interface etc. Two open source ILSs (from the matured block of ILSs) namely NewGenLib and Koha are compared against a set of parameters related with standards and drawn from global recommendations.
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