Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age traditio... more Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age tradition of preparing Jou from fermented cooked rice (jumai) with locally prepared yeast cake called Amao. Jou is traditionally used in marriage, worship and in all social occasions and it is of three kinds Jou- bidwi, finai and gwran (distilled alcohol from jumai). Amao is traditionally prepared from seven plants species- Oryza sativa L., Scoparia dulcis L., Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Ananas comosus (L). Merr., Clerodendron infortunetum L., Plumbago zeylancia L. Boro, an ethnic tribe in Kokrajhar district of Assam state, Northeast India is the material of the present study where elderly men and women were exclusively selected for the interview. The research included participatory approach of unstructured and semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The paper describes indigenous methods of preparation of Amao and harvesting of Jou. The used of different componen...
Background As per WHO, Cervical cancer (CaCx) is a global issue, being the fourth common cancer i... more Background As per WHO, Cervical cancer (CaCx) is a global issue, being the fourth common cancer in women with incidence rate of 13.1 per 1 lakh women globally and accounting for 311000 deaths in the year 2018 itself globally. The molecular pathogenesis in Human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cases is inconclusive. The detection of molecular factors leading to progression of CaCx can be important in the diagnosis and management of the disease. p53 a known tumor suppressor gene having a regulative role in cell cycle has been highlighted as key factor in the prevention of cancer but its significance in CaCx cases has been variably documented. The present study therefore targeted to evaluate the significance of p53 profile in CaCx cases in ethnically distinct northeast Indian population. Methods Blood and Tissue samples (N = 85) of cervical cancer patients were collected and screening for HPV was performed using PCR. Thereafter the differential mRNA expression(qPCR), Immunohistochemistry, Mutation (PCR direct sequencing method) of p53 was studied. Further p53 epigenetic profiling was done by Methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) and western blotting by using p53 acetylation specific antibodies.
Resveratrol- a naturally derived stilbene, is gaining extreme popularity because of its highly ap... more Resveratrol- a naturally derived stilbene, is gaining extreme popularity because of its highly appreciated multi-beneficial properties as anticancerous, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory molecule. Major dietary sources of resveratrol include grapes, berries, peanut, legumes and red wine. N.E India, rich for its wild heritage possesses many indigenous plants that have the potential to be rich source of the stilbene. Emblica officinalis, Averrhoa carambola, Elaeagnus pyriformis from native N.E India were screened for resveratrol content and HPLC based result confirm the dietary potential of resveratrol. In Phyllanthus emblica resveratrol is amounted to 43.5µg/g while in Elaeagnus pyriformis and Averrhoa carambola it is 4µg/g and 1.6µg/g respectively which is higher than many available sources such as grape and peanut. The fruits are used as alternative source of resveratrol and as neutraceuticals for many diseases by natives of India, and are easily available and low cost.
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are group of trans-membrane proteins that recognizes speci... more Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are group of trans-membrane proteins that recognizes specific molecular pattern and activates the downstream cytokines for the efficient clearance of pathogens. Objectives: To evaluate the role of TLR9 1486T/C polymorphism and its association with the malarial pathogenicity and severity. Material and Methods: Present study was a cohort based study and a total number of 150 samples were drawn from three major tribal population group's viz., Karbi, Dimasa and BoroKachari. TLR9 (1486T/C) gene polymorphism was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Differential TLR9 m-RNA expression was assessed using Real time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: TLR9 1486T/C genotype variant showed increased risk for the susceptibility of malarial infection (p=0.141) compared to controls. The variant genotype showed significant increased risk with susceptibility to severe malaria infection (p=0.047) compared ...
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that SS18L1 may have a significant role in predicting the pro... more Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that SS18L1 may have a significant role in predicting the prognosis of HCC. This is the first study to demonstrate that SS18L1 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to HCC in the Korean population.
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths with thousand... more The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths with thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, especially in East Asia. This study took an immunoinformatics approach to identify significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and B cell epitopes in the 2019-nCoV surface glycoprotein. Also, interactions between identified CTL epitopes and their corresponding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I supertype representatives prevalent in China were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We identified five CTL epitopes, three sequential B cell epitopes and five discontinuous B cell epitopes in the viral surface glycoprotein. Also, during simulations, the CTL epitopes were observed to be binding MHC class I peptide-binding grooves via multiple contacts, with continuous hydrogen bonds and salt bridge anchors, indicating their potential in generating immune responses. Some of these identified epitopes can be potential candidates for the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 2014
Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection along wit... more Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection along with its genotype in cancer cervix and its relation with demographic profile. Methods: Cervical cancer cases were enrolled in between Jan' 2010 to Dec' 2012. One sample was collected from non cancerous area of cervix for DNA extraction and two samples were collected from cancerous area of cervix from same patient, one for DNA extraction and other one for histopathological examination to confirm our clinical diagnosis. Extracted DNA was then checked for presence of HPV DNA by PCR amplification method using MY09/11 primer. HPV genotyping was done by using specific primer for HPV16 & HPV18. The cases were compared with their corresponding socio demographic profile. Results: The study showed 88.88% cases found to be HPV positive in cancerous area compared to 7.4% number in non cancerous area. Out of which 95.83% cases to be HPV 16 and only 4.16% were to be HPV 18 in cervical cancer cases. There were other significant risk factor association of cervical cancer with early marriage in 70.36% and high parity 87% of cases. Conclusion: The human papilloma virus type 16 & 18 are the major contributing factor along with other risk factors like early marriage, illiteracy and high parity for cervical cancer in our region.
BACKGROUND Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively docum... more BACKGROUND Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively documented from resource limited countries and hence there is a lack of available targeted therapy for clinical interventions. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, higher recurrence rate, and higher prevalence in younger premenopausal women. Sporadic literature indicates predominance of TNBC in all reported breast cancer cases from Northeast India. AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the candidature of panel of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of TNBC for prognosis and futuristic tailored targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinicopathological characterized and immunohistochemically screened the differential expression of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of in TNBC cases vis-a-vis non-TNBC and autopsy-based control samples. RESULTS TNBC tends to display at an early reproductive age and is more aggressive in nature. Further, the differential expression of 2 specific markers viz., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and FolR1 was higher in TNBC cases compared to controls and non-TNBC (both in terms of susceptibility and specificity), clinical staging in TNBC cases (severity) and mortality (outcome). Although Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression also correlated with severity and outcome of the disease but their differences in non-TNBC cases were not significantly differentiable compared to TNBC. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that EGFR and FolR1 could serve as useful biomarkers to determine TNBC prognosis. Further studies will be needed to evaluate EGFR and Folate pathways in order to screen out the molecular targets which may be meaningfully used for clinical stratification, intervention, and treatment.
Introduction: Up to 60% of patients who undergo curative-intent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ... more Introduction: Up to 60% of patients who undergo curative-intent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection experience disease recurrence within six months. We recently published a systematic review of prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers in PDAC and shortlisted a panel of those reported with the highest level of evidence, including p53, p16, Ca-125, S100A4, FOXC1, EGFR, mesothelin, CD24 and UPAR. This study aims to discover and validate the prognostic significance of a combinatorial panel of tumor biomarkers in patients with resected PDAC. Method: Patients who underwent PDAC resection were included from a single institution discovery cohort and a multi-institutional validation cohort. Tumors in the discovery cohort were stained immunohistochemically for all nine shortlisted biomarkers. Biomarkers significantly associated with overall survival (OS) were reevaluated as a combinatorial panel in both discovery and validation cohorts for its prognostic significance. Result: 224 and 191 patients were included in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, S100A4, Ca-125 and mesothelin expression were associated with shorter OS. In both cohorts, the number of these biomarkers expressed was significantly associated with OS (discovery cohort 36.8 vs. 26.4 vs 16.3 vs 12.8 months, P<0.001; validation cohort 25.2 vs 18.3 vs 13.6 vs 11.9 months, P=0.008 for expression of zero, one, two and three biomarkers, respectively). On multivariable analysis, expression of at least one of three biomarkers was independently associated with shorter OS. Conclusion: Combinations of S100A4, Ca-125 and mesothelin expression stratify survival after resection of localized PDAC. Co-expression of all three biomarkers (triple positive disease) is associated with the poorest prognostic outcome.
International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science, 2019
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy is used as a clinical intervention for rheumatoi... more Antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy is used as a clinical intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but differences exist in response to the treatment which makes the candidature of the screening of TNF-α alteration(s) at genetic and expression levels an important agenda prior to treatment. This study aims to determine the associative role of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and differential expression of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of RA. A case-control study where a total of 126 RA patients were enrolled based on ACR-EULAR (2010) criteria, along with 160 community matched age and sex controls over a period of three years. The differential expression level of TNF-α mRNA and protein level was studied and TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism was screened by T-ARMS PCR assay. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. mRNA expression level of TNF-α was upregulated in RA cases (avg. 15.85 ± 9.52 fold) compared to control. TNF-α protein level was found to be higher in RA cases (28.62 ± 7.17 pg/mL) compared to control (23.14 ± 6.91 pg/mL). TNF-α-308 variant GA genotype was higher in RA (46.03%) than in control (25%). The presence of TNF-α-308 variant A allele was associated with increased risk of RA susceptibility (odds ratio (OR) = 2.559 at 95% confidence interval (CI), P < 0.001) but not severity (OR = 1.617 at 95% CI, P = 0.571). The presence of-308 variant genotype was associated with a higher TNF-α mRNA and protein expression. The presence of TNF-α-308A allele is associated with increased risk of RA susceptibility and differential TNF-α expression, and has prognostic significance. Association of higher TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokine levels with northeast Indian patients makes them suitable subjects for anti-TNF-α therapy.
Aberrations including genetic alterations in folate pathway are detrimental in multiple disease p... more Aberrations including genetic alterations in folate pathway are detrimental in multiple disease pathogenesis, including pregnancy. The present study is based on the screening of the associative role of TYMS 14946bp deletion(del) polymorphism and associated hyperhomocystenemia in susceptibility to preterm delivery (PTD), which is strongly associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity. Methods: A total of 209 PTD cases {extremely preterm(n=22), very preterm(n=43) and moderately preterm (n=144)} and 194 term delivery cases were evaluated for TYMS 14946bp deletion and its association with preterm delivery, pregnancy outcome, baby birth weight and homocysteine estimation. Results: The results showed that the distribution of TYMS 14946bp del/del genotype significantly increased the risk of PTD [OR=2.801, p=0.002] and is associated with fetal death. The TYMS 6bp ins/del and 6bp del/del genotype was associated with low birth weight (LBW) compared to 6bp ins/ins genotype in both term and PTD groups, and in case of very (p=0.024) and moderately (p=0.045) sub-cohorts of PTD significantly. Elevated serum homocysteine levels were significantly associated with PTD (p<0.001) and fetal death (p=0.013); and was also found to significantly correlate with TYMS 14946bp del/del genotype in all the pregnancy cases (p=0.008). TYMS 6bp del/del genotype was associated with higher homocysteine levels compared to ins/ins (p=0.005) and ins/del (p=0.062) genotypes within the PTD group. Conclusion: The study provides crucial information regarding the importance of TYMS6bpdel/del genotype and associated hyperhomocytenemia in susceptibility to PTD, fetal death and LBW; and thus indicating their prognostic significance of TYMS 6bp del/del genotype in PTD which is of clinical importance.
Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 2017
The mass transfer rate of catalytic recovery of sulfur is investigated, enters through the cataly... more The mass transfer rate of catalytic recovery of sulfur is investigated, enters through the catalyst-membrane interface (layer), accompanied by pseudo-first order irreversible reaction. Reaction kinetics is measured considering the system as a homogeneous system due to the consideration of mixed flow patterns of the reacting fluids, though the catalysis is a heterogeneous one. The multi-reactant mass transfer behaviour of the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) is also studied on the basis of Maxwell-Stefan theory to understand the diffusion of reactants inside the membrane reactor. The mass transport behaviour and the performance of the fabricated CMR are strongly influenced by the reaction conditions, such as, reaction equilibrium constant ( K eq ) and membrane properties, namely, membrane area and reactor volume. An intermediate value with asymptotic nature of K eq as a function of time indicates appreciable performance of the catalytic membrane. On the other hand, the minimum value of k ij indicates a negligible effect on mass transfer over the reactor performance.
Abstract A series of activated γ-alumina supported Mo/Co catalysts with different Mo loadings ran... more Abstract A series of activated γ-alumina supported Mo/Co catalysts with different Mo loadings ranging from 8 to 20 wt.% have been prepared through the impregnation by soaking metal precursors over the alumina support followed by drying (120 °C) and calcination (350, 400 and 600 °C) for the fabrication of catalytic membrane. A comparative study on activated and γ-Al2O3with low surface area has been performed to understand the metal-support interaction and to select the suitable support in terms of metallic dispersion (MD) and metallic surface area (MSA) for better catalytic activity. Several characterization techniques, such as, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron spin resonance (ESR), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and CO chemisorption have been used to verify the interaction between Mo and activated γ-alumina. Based on characterization, 16% Mo–Co/activated γ-Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 400 °C is optimized and selected for activity test. Claus reaction has been chosen to study the catalytic activity. Overall as well as individual conversion of both H2S and SO2, selectivity and yield of product are measured in this study. The highest turnover frequency (TF) is observed as 3.80 min−1 at 300 min for the optimized catalyst.
Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest nu... more Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest number of cases being reported from certain districts of northeast India, which has an ethnically distinct population. Unfortunately there are no scientific reports on the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of the disease from this region. Aim: The present study evaluated the role of differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the development of gall bladder anomalies. Materials and Methods: Blood and tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical resection for clinically proven cases of gallbladder disease {cholelithiasis (CL, n=50), cholecystitis (CS, n=40) and GBC (n=30) along with adjacent histopathologically proved non-neoplastic controls (n=15)} with informed consent. Whole blood was also collected from age and sex matched healthy controls (n=25) for comparative analysis. Differential hTERT mRNA expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR and real-time PCR based analysis using β-actin as an internal control. Evaluation of differential hTERT protein expression was studied by Western blot analysis and immunoflourescence. Statistical analysis for differential expression and co-relation was performed by SPSSv13.0 software. Results: Gallbladder anomalies were mostly prevalent in females. The hTERT mRNA and protein expression increased gradiently from normal<CL<CS<GBC cases. Serum expression correlated statistically significantly with the tissue based mRNA expression pattern of hTERT, with highest expression observed in GBC cases and the lowest expression in normal gall bladder. Conclusions: Higher hTERT expression is associated with gallbladder disease susceptibility and severity; and may be a useful prognostic marker for gallbladder anomalies.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Abnormal cyt... more Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Abnormal cytokine metabolism is a major feature in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, and levels correlates with markers of the acute phase response, liver function, and clinical outcome. ALD is a major health and socio-economic problem in Northeast India (NEI), where alcoholic consumption (majorly indigenously prepared) is customary in the tribal communities. Aim To delineate the role of differential expression/modulation of important cytokines in the development of ALD and its progression to advance liver disease. Methods The study included clinically proved cases of ALD along with comparative cohorts of alcohol consumers without liver disease, age and sex matched healthy controls from different parts of NEI. Differential cytokine profile was studied by FACS analysis (Th1/Th2 kit, BD) and confirmed with magpix magnetic bead based multiplex ELISA. Results There is a distinct role of higher Th1 modulation in ALD development, with significantly higher expression of IFN- γ and IL-12 in cirrhosis cases. Importantly, altered expression of important Th2 cytokines like IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 plays a major role in the development of cirrhosis; whereas gradient down-regulation in IL-4 expression correlated with disease development and severity ( Table 1 ). Similarly, higher expre-ssion of TNF- α at mRNA and protein levels correlated with disease severity. Conclusion Th1 biased modulation is key to ALD development and severity. Hence new strategies to target cytokine metabolism as a form of therapy for ALD may be suitable approach to attenuate liver injury.
Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2015
To evaluate if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with a lower time commitment can be equall... more To evaluate if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with a lower time commitment can be equally effective as endurance training (END) on glycemic control, physical fitness and body composition in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age traditio... more Jou is an integral part of the socio-cultural life of the Boros. The Boro has an old age tradition of preparing Jou from fermented cooked rice (jumai) with locally prepared yeast cake called Amao. Jou is traditionally used in marriage, worship and in all social occasions and it is of three kinds Jou- bidwi, finai and gwran (distilled alcohol from jumai). Amao is traditionally prepared from seven plants species- Oryza sativa L., Scoparia dulcis L., Musa paradisiaca, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk., Ananas comosus (L). Merr., Clerodendron infortunetum L., Plumbago zeylancia L. Boro, an ethnic tribe in Kokrajhar district of Assam state, Northeast India is the material of the present study where elderly men and women were exclusively selected for the interview. The research included participatory approach of unstructured and semi-structured interviews and group discussions. The paper describes indigenous methods of preparation of Amao and harvesting of Jou. The used of different componen...
Background As per WHO, Cervical cancer (CaCx) is a global issue, being the fourth common cancer i... more Background As per WHO, Cervical cancer (CaCx) is a global issue, being the fourth common cancer in women with incidence rate of 13.1 per 1 lakh women globally and accounting for 311000 deaths in the year 2018 itself globally. The molecular pathogenesis in Human papillomavirus (HPV) infected cases is inconclusive. The detection of molecular factors leading to progression of CaCx can be important in the diagnosis and management of the disease. p53 a known tumor suppressor gene having a regulative role in cell cycle has been highlighted as key factor in the prevention of cancer but its significance in CaCx cases has been variably documented. The present study therefore targeted to evaluate the significance of p53 profile in CaCx cases in ethnically distinct northeast Indian population. Methods Blood and Tissue samples (N = 85) of cervical cancer patients were collected and screening for HPV was performed using PCR. Thereafter the differential mRNA expression(qPCR), Immunohistochemistry, Mutation (PCR direct sequencing method) of p53 was studied. Further p53 epigenetic profiling was done by Methylation specific PCR (MS-PCR) and western blotting by using p53 acetylation specific antibodies.
Resveratrol- a naturally derived stilbene, is gaining extreme popularity because of its highly ap... more Resveratrol- a naturally derived stilbene, is gaining extreme popularity because of its highly appreciated multi-beneficial properties as anticancerous, antioxidant and anti- inflammatory molecule. Major dietary sources of resveratrol include grapes, berries, peanut, legumes and red wine. N.E India, rich for its wild heritage possesses many indigenous plants that have the potential to be rich source of the stilbene. Emblica officinalis, Averrhoa carambola, Elaeagnus pyriformis from native N.E India were screened for resveratrol content and HPLC based result confirm the dietary potential of resveratrol. In Phyllanthus emblica resveratrol is amounted to 43.5µg/g while in Elaeagnus pyriformis and Averrhoa carambola it is 4µg/g and 1.6µg/g respectively which is higher than many available sources such as grape and peanut. The fruits are used as alternative source of resveratrol and as neutraceuticals for many diseases by natives of India, and are easily available and low cost.
Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are group of trans-membrane proteins that recognizes speci... more Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are group of trans-membrane proteins that recognizes specific molecular pattern and activates the downstream cytokines for the efficient clearance of pathogens. Objectives: To evaluate the role of TLR9 1486T/C polymorphism and its association with the malarial pathogenicity and severity. Material and Methods: Present study was a cohort based study and a total number of 150 samples were drawn from three major tribal population group's viz., Karbi, Dimasa and BoroKachari. TLR9 (1486T/C) gene polymorphism was assessed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Differential TLR9 m-RNA expression was assessed using Real time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: TLR9 1486T/C genotype variant showed increased risk for the susceptibility of malarial infection (p=0.141) compared to controls. The variant genotype showed significant increased risk with susceptibility to severe malaria infection (p=0.047) compared ...
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that SS18L1 may have a significant role in predicting the pro... more Conclusion: In conclusion, we found that SS18L1 may have a significant role in predicting the prognosis of HCC. This is the first study to demonstrate that SS18L1 polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to HCC in the Korean population.
The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths with thousand... more The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths with thousands of confirmed cases worldwide, especially in East Asia. This study took an immunoinformatics approach to identify significant cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and B cell epitopes in the 2019-nCoV surface glycoprotein. Also, interactions between identified CTL epitopes and their corresponding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I supertype representatives prevalent in China were studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We identified five CTL epitopes, three sequential B cell epitopes and five discontinuous B cell epitopes in the viral surface glycoprotein. Also, during simulations, the CTL epitopes were observed to be binding MHC class I peptide-binding grooves via multiple contacts, with continuous hydrogen bonds and salt bridge anchors, indicating their potential in generating immune responses. Some of these identified epitopes can be potential candidates for the development of 2019-nCoV vaccines.
International Journal of Medical Research and Review, 2014
Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection along wit... more Introduction: The present study is an attempt to detect Human papilloma virus infection along with its genotype in cancer cervix and its relation with demographic profile. Methods: Cervical cancer cases were enrolled in between Jan' 2010 to Dec' 2012. One sample was collected from non cancerous area of cervix for DNA extraction and two samples were collected from cancerous area of cervix from same patient, one for DNA extraction and other one for histopathological examination to confirm our clinical diagnosis. Extracted DNA was then checked for presence of HPV DNA by PCR amplification method using MY09/11 primer. HPV genotyping was done by using specific primer for HPV16 & HPV18. The cases were compared with their corresponding socio demographic profile. Results: The study showed 88.88% cases found to be HPV positive in cancerous area compared to 7.4% number in non cancerous area. Out of which 95.83% cases to be HPV 16 and only 4.16% were to be HPV 18 in cervical cancer cases. There were other significant risk factor association of cervical cancer with early marriage in 70.36% and high parity 87% of cases. Conclusion: The human papilloma virus type 16 & 18 are the major contributing factor along with other risk factors like early marriage, illiteracy and high parity for cervical cancer in our region.
BACKGROUND Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively docum... more BACKGROUND Molecular pathogenesis of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is inconclusively documented from resource limited countries and hence there is a lack of available targeted therapy for clinical interventions. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, higher recurrence rate, and higher prevalence in younger premenopausal women. Sporadic literature indicates predominance of TNBC in all reported breast cancer cases from Northeast India. AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the candidature of panel of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of TNBC for prognosis and futuristic tailored targeted therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the clinicopathological characterized and immunohistochemically screened the differential expression of key molecular markers involved in the development and progression of in TNBC cases vis-a-vis non-TNBC and autopsy-based control samples. RESULTS TNBC tends to display at an early reproductive age and is more aggressive in nature. Further, the differential expression of 2 specific markers viz., epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and FolR1 was higher in TNBC cases compared to controls and non-TNBC (both in terms of susceptibility and specificity), clinical staging in TNBC cases (severity) and mortality (outcome). Although Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression also correlated with severity and outcome of the disease but their differences in non-TNBC cases were not significantly differentiable compared to TNBC. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that EGFR and FolR1 could serve as useful biomarkers to determine TNBC prognosis. Further studies will be needed to evaluate EGFR and Folate pathways in order to screen out the molecular targets which may be meaningfully used for clinical stratification, intervention, and treatment.
Introduction: Up to 60% of patients who undergo curative-intent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ... more Introduction: Up to 60% of patients who undergo curative-intent pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection experience disease recurrence within six months. We recently published a systematic review of prognostic immunohistochemical biomarkers in PDAC and shortlisted a panel of those reported with the highest level of evidence, including p53, p16, Ca-125, S100A4, FOXC1, EGFR, mesothelin, CD24 and UPAR. This study aims to discover and validate the prognostic significance of a combinatorial panel of tumor biomarkers in patients with resected PDAC. Method: Patients who underwent PDAC resection were included from a single institution discovery cohort and a multi-institutional validation cohort. Tumors in the discovery cohort were stained immunohistochemically for all nine shortlisted biomarkers. Biomarkers significantly associated with overall survival (OS) were reevaluated as a combinatorial panel in both discovery and validation cohorts for its prognostic significance. Result: 224 and 191 patients were included in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. In both cohorts, S100A4, Ca-125 and mesothelin expression were associated with shorter OS. In both cohorts, the number of these biomarkers expressed was significantly associated with OS (discovery cohort 36.8 vs. 26.4 vs 16.3 vs 12.8 months, P<0.001; validation cohort 25.2 vs 18.3 vs 13.6 vs 11.9 months, P=0.008 for expression of zero, one, two and three biomarkers, respectively). On multivariable analysis, expression of at least one of three biomarkers was independently associated with shorter OS. Conclusion: Combinations of S100A4, Ca-125 and mesothelin expression stratify survival after resection of localized PDAC. Co-expression of all three biomarkers (triple positive disease) is associated with the poorest prognostic outcome.
International Journal of Ceramic Engineering & Science, 2019
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which... more This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy is used as a clinical intervention for rheumatoi... more Antitumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) therapy is used as a clinical intervention for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but differences exist in response to the treatment which makes the candidature of the screening of TNF-α alteration(s) at genetic and expression levels an important agenda prior to treatment. This study aims to determine the associative role of TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism and differential expression of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of RA. A case-control study where a total of 126 RA patients were enrolled based on ACR-EULAR (2010) criteria, along with 160 community matched age and sex controls over a period of three years. The differential expression level of TNF-α mRNA and protein level was studied and TNF-α-308G/A polymorphism was screened by T-ARMS PCR assay. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. mRNA expression level of TNF-α was upregulated in RA cases (avg. 15.85 ± 9.52 fold) compared to control. TNF-α protein level was found to be higher in RA cases (28.62 ± 7.17 pg/mL) compared to control (23.14 ± 6.91 pg/mL). TNF-α-308 variant GA genotype was higher in RA (46.03%) than in control (25%). The presence of TNF-α-308 variant A allele was associated with increased risk of RA susceptibility (odds ratio (OR) = 2.559 at 95% confidence interval (CI), P < 0.001) but not severity (OR = 1.617 at 95% CI, P = 0.571). The presence of-308 variant genotype was associated with a higher TNF-α mRNA and protein expression. The presence of TNF-α-308A allele is associated with increased risk of RA susceptibility and differential TNF-α expression, and has prognostic significance. Association of higher TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokine levels with northeast Indian patients makes them suitable subjects for anti-TNF-α therapy.
Aberrations including genetic alterations in folate pathway are detrimental in multiple disease p... more Aberrations including genetic alterations in folate pathway are detrimental in multiple disease pathogenesis, including pregnancy. The present study is based on the screening of the associative role of TYMS 14946bp deletion(del) polymorphism and associated hyperhomocystenemia in susceptibility to preterm delivery (PTD), which is strongly associated with neonatal mortality and morbidity. Methods: A total of 209 PTD cases {extremely preterm(n=22), very preterm(n=43) and moderately preterm (n=144)} and 194 term delivery cases were evaluated for TYMS 14946bp deletion and its association with preterm delivery, pregnancy outcome, baby birth weight and homocysteine estimation. Results: The results showed that the distribution of TYMS 14946bp del/del genotype significantly increased the risk of PTD [OR=2.801, p=0.002] and is associated with fetal death. The TYMS 6bp ins/del and 6bp del/del genotype was associated with low birth weight (LBW) compared to 6bp ins/ins genotype in both term and PTD groups, and in case of very (p=0.024) and moderately (p=0.045) sub-cohorts of PTD significantly. Elevated serum homocysteine levels were significantly associated with PTD (p<0.001) and fetal death (p=0.013); and was also found to significantly correlate with TYMS 14946bp del/del genotype in all the pregnancy cases (p=0.008). TYMS 6bp del/del genotype was associated with higher homocysteine levels compared to ins/ins (p=0.005) and ins/del (p=0.062) genotypes within the PTD group. Conclusion: The study provides crucial information regarding the importance of TYMS6bpdel/del genotype and associated hyperhomocytenemia in susceptibility to PTD, fetal death and LBW; and thus indicating their prognostic significance of TYMS 6bp del/del genotype in PTD which is of clinical importance.
Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 2017
The mass transfer rate of catalytic recovery of sulfur is investigated, enters through the cataly... more The mass transfer rate of catalytic recovery of sulfur is investigated, enters through the catalyst-membrane interface (layer), accompanied by pseudo-first order irreversible reaction. Reaction kinetics is measured considering the system as a homogeneous system due to the consideration of mixed flow patterns of the reacting fluids, though the catalysis is a heterogeneous one. The multi-reactant mass transfer behaviour of the catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) is also studied on the basis of Maxwell-Stefan theory to understand the diffusion of reactants inside the membrane reactor. The mass transport behaviour and the performance of the fabricated CMR are strongly influenced by the reaction conditions, such as, reaction equilibrium constant ( K eq ) and membrane properties, namely, membrane area and reactor volume. An intermediate value with asymptotic nature of K eq as a function of time indicates appreciable performance of the catalytic membrane. On the other hand, the minimum value of k ij indicates a negligible effect on mass transfer over the reactor performance.
Abstract A series of activated γ-alumina supported Mo/Co catalysts with different Mo loadings ran... more Abstract A series of activated γ-alumina supported Mo/Co catalysts with different Mo loadings ranging from 8 to 20 wt.% have been prepared through the impregnation by soaking metal precursors over the alumina support followed by drying (120 °C) and calcination (350, 400 and 600 °C) for the fabrication of catalytic membrane. A comparative study on activated and γ-Al2O3with low surface area has been performed to understand the metal-support interaction and to select the suitable support in terms of metallic dispersion (MD) and metallic surface area (MSA) for better catalytic activity. Several characterization techniques, such as, BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), electron spin resonance (ESR), temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), transmission electron micrograph (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and CO chemisorption have been used to verify the interaction between Mo and activated γ-alumina. Based on characterization, 16% Mo–Co/activated γ-Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 400 °C is optimized and selected for activity test. Claus reaction has been chosen to study the catalytic activity. Overall as well as individual conversion of both H2S and SO2, selectivity and yield of product are measured in this study. The highest turnover frequency (TF) is observed as 3.80 min−1 at 300 min for the optimized catalyst.
Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest nu... more Background: Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) has been stated as an Indian disease, with the highest number of cases being reported from certain districts of northeast India, which has an ethnically distinct population. Unfortunately there are no scientific reports on the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of the disease from this region. Aim: The present study evaluated the role of differential expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in the development of gall bladder anomalies. Materials and Methods: Blood and tissue samples were collected from patients undergoing routine surgical resection for clinically proven cases of gallbladder disease {cholelithiasis (CL, n=50), cholecystitis (CS, n=40) and GBC (n=30) along with adjacent histopathologically proved non-neoplastic controls (n=15)} with informed consent. Whole blood was also collected from age and sex matched healthy controls (n=25) for comparative analysis. Differential hTERT mRNA expression was evaluated by semi-quantitative rt-PCR and real-time PCR based analysis using β-actin as an internal control. Evaluation of differential hTERT protein expression was studied by Western blot analysis and immunoflourescence. Statistical analysis for differential expression and co-relation was performed by SPSSv13.0 software. Results: Gallbladder anomalies were mostly prevalent in females. The hTERT mRNA and protein expression increased gradiently from normal<CL<CS<GBC cases. Serum expression correlated statistically significantly with the tissue based mRNA expression pattern of hTERT, with highest expression observed in GBC cases and the lowest expression in normal gall bladder. Conclusions: Higher hTERT expression is associated with gallbladder disease susceptibility and severity; and may be a useful prognostic marker for gallbladder anomalies.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Abnormal cyt... more Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Abnormal cytokine metabolism is a major feature in patients with alcoholic hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, and levels correlates with markers of the acute phase response, liver function, and clinical outcome. ALD is a major health and socio-economic problem in Northeast India (NEI), where alcoholic consumption (majorly indigenously prepared) is customary in the tribal communities. Aim To delineate the role of differential expression/modulation of important cytokines in the development of ALD and its progression to advance liver disease. Methods The study included clinically proved cases of ALD along with comparative cohorts of alcohol consumers without liver disease, age and sex matched healthy controls from different parts of NEI. Differential cytokine profile was studied by FACS analysis (Th1/Th2 kit, BD) and confirmed with magpix magnetic bead based multiplex ELISA. Results There is a distinct role of higher Th1 modulation in ALD development, with significantly higher expression of IFN- γ and IL-12 in cirrhosis cases. Importantly, altered expression of important Th2 cytokines like IL-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 plays a major role in the development of cirrhosis; whereas gradient down-regulation in IL-4 expression correlated with disease development and severity ( Table 1 ). Similarly, higher expre-ssion of TNF- α at mRNA and protein levels correlated with disease severity. Conclusion Th1 biased modulation is key to ALD development and severity. Hence new strategies to target cytokine metabolism as a form of therapy for ALD may be suitable approach to attenuate liver injury.
Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2015
To evaluate if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with a lower time commitment can be equall... more To evaluate if high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with a lower time commitment can be equally effective as endurance training (END) on glycemic control, physical fitness and body composition in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Papers by Sujoy Bose