Papers by Suhad Al-Salihi
Nucleic Acids Research
With an ever-increasing amount of (meta)genomic data being deposited in sequence databases, (meta... more With an ever-increasing amount of (meta)genomic data being deposited in sequence databases, (meta)genome mining for natural product biosynthetic pathways occupies a critical role in the discovery of novel pharmaceutical drugs, crop protection agents and biomaterials. The genes that encode these pathways are often organised into biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). In 2015, we defined the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG): a standardised data format that describes the minimally required information to uniquely characterise a BGC. We simultaneously constructed an accompanying online database of BGCs, which has since been widely used by the community as a reference dataset for BGCs and was expanded to 2021 entries in 2019 (MIBiG 2.0). Here, we describe MIBiG 3.0, a database update comprising large-scale validation and re-annotation of existing entries and 661 new entries. Particular attention was paid to the annotation of compound structures and biological act...
Journal of Fungi, Aug 30, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Sciences, 2012
A ligand of testosteronthiosemicarbazone was prepared, the chemical characteristics of this ligan... more A ligand of testosteronthiosemicarbazone was prepared, the chemical characteristics of this ligand are: yellow powder, soluble in alcohol and its melting point is 100 – 102 °C. The sensitivity of some species of pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus feacalis to different concentrations of prepared testosteronthiosemicarbazone (0.05 g/ml, 0.1 g/ml, 0.25 g/ml, 0.5 g/ml, and 1 g/ml) was tested to find out the role of testosteronth iosemicarbazone as an antibacterial agent. The experimental results of bacterial sensitivity to different concentrations of testosteronthiosemicarbazone, showed a significant sensitivity of all tested bacteria to this ligand at concentration starting from 0.5 g/ml, to 1 g/ml except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus feacalis which they exhibited their significant sensitivity to the ligand at concentration starting from 0.25 g/ml, and 1 g/m...
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Plants represent a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary... more Plants represent a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary metabolites that are synthesised via specific metabolic pathways. Enzyme specificity and biosynthetic gene clustering are the bottleneck of secondary metabolite evolution. As economically important food crops, grape, strawberry, and olive produce many pharmaceutically important molecules; however, their specific biosynthetic pathways remain inaccessible. Our genomic-based analysis of these three species reveal the biosynthetic diversity of their specialised secondary metabolites. We found over 20 BGCs predicted, most of which were characterised in two species, grape and strawberry. Gene annotation of the biosynthetic candidate genes predicted the production of many medically and industrially important compounds including cycloartenol, nerolidol, farnesene and valencene. Although most of the predicted clusters are concentrated in specific genomic positions, some have shown gene duplicati...
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), May 31, 2020
There is a desperate need in continuing the search for natural products with novel mechanism to b... more There is a desperate need in continuing the search for natural products with novel mechanism to battle the constant increase of microbial drug resistance. Previously mushroom forming fungi were neglected as a source of novel antibiotics, due to the difficulties associated with their culture preparation and genetic tractability. However, modern fungal molecular and synthetic biology tools, renewed the interest in exploring mushroom fungi for novel therapeutics. The aim of this study was to have a comprehensive picture of nine basidiomycetes secondary metabolites (SM), screen their biological and chemical properties to describe the genetic pathways associated with their production. H. fasciculare revealed to be highly active antagonistic species, with antimicrobial activity against three different microorganisms-Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-. Extensive genomic comparison and chemical analysis using analytical chromatography, led to the characterisation of more than 15 variant biosynthetic gene clusters and the first identification of a potent antibacterial metabolite-3, 5-dichloromethoxy benzoic acid (3, 5-D)-in this species, for which a biosynthetic gene cluster was predicted. This work demonstrates the great potential of mushroom forming fungi as a reservoir of bioactive natural products which are currently unexplored, and that access to their genomic data and structural diversity natural products via utilizing modern computational analysis and efficient chemical methods, could accelerate the development and applications of such distinct molecules in both pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry.
Engineering and Technology Journal
The present study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of Anethumgraveolen... more The present study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of Anethumgraveolens(Dill) on serum lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic mice.A total of 24 male mice (average 25gm body weight) were used in this study. Mice were divided into four groups was injected with 100mg/kg ofalloxan to induce hyperglycemic in mice, the first group (1) was used as control (+ve) group (6 mice) which fed on basal diet only and the other three groups fed on basal diet containing 0.5, 1 and 2mg/ml of methanol extract (single daily dose of 1 ml). The experimental feeding period was 21 days.The changes in serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using enzymatic kits.However, the HDL-Cconcentrate decreased relative to control mice. Treatment of hyperlipidaemic mice with dill extract in concentration 1 and 2mg/ml up to 21 days reversed the serum lipid levels compared to mice which were fed basal diet only.
Engineering and Technology Journal
This study is aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Eruca Sativa leafs in liver... more This study is aimed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of Eruca Sativa leafs in liver and kidney enzymes of mice. Thirty male albino mice average weight 25gm were divided into 5 groups included group1 (normal diet), group2 (injected with carbontetrachloride CCl 4), group3 (injected with CCl 4 + 0.5mg/ml Eruca sativa extract), group4 (injected with CCl 4 + 1mg/ml Eruca sativa extract), and group5 (injected with CCl 4 + 2mg/ml Eruca sativa extract). Serum liver and kidney functions tests were estimated. The results showed that Eruca Sativa extracts at concentration 2mg/ml improved liver and kidney functions. We concluded that, Eruca sativa extracts may exert their prophylactic and treatment role against oxidative stress produced by CCl 4 by increasing/maintaining the levels of antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes.
Engineering and Technology Journal
A different concentration of pomegranate peel extract were prepared (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5mg... more A different concentration of pomegranate peel extract were prepared (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5mg/ml) and tested their effect on the growth of some pathogenic microorganisms including (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaricus, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans). The results showed a significant sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaricus, Candida tropicalis and Candida albicans to the concentrations starting from 0.3mg/ml except E. coli which exhibited significant sensitivity to the concentration 0.2mg/ml. The yeast isolates showed a significant sensitivity to the pomegranate peel extract start from 0.4mg/ml concentration.
Engineering and Technology Journal
In this study the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Myrtus communis was investi... more In this study the antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract of Myrtus communis was investigated against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aerogenosa and Staphylococcus aureus by agar disc diffusion. Serial concentrations of the extract were tested (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5mg/ml). Most of the extract concentrations showed a relatively high antibacterial activity against all the tested bacteria. The concentration 5mg/ml of plant extracted has the maximum antibacterial activity against all bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial activity of Myrtus communis extract was compared with a number of antibiotics like: Ampicilin (AM10), Tetracyline (TE30), Erythromycin (E15), Carbnicilin (PY100) and Gentamycin (CN10) using antibiogram test. Antibacterial activity of latest concentration (5mg/ml) of Myrtus communis was better than that to Gentamicin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aerogenosa.
Engineering and Technology Journal
This study was performed to investigate the effects of cinnamon extract on of blood glucose as we... more This study was performed to investigate the effects of cinnamon extract on of blood glucose as well as serum insulin and testosterone hormones. The experiment was carried out on twenty four male adult mice distributed into 4 groups of 6 mice each. Group one was kept as positive control, while mice of the other three groups were given orally an aqueous cinnamon extract at 0.5, 1 and 2mg/ml respectively, daily for three weeks. The results showed that oral administration of cinnamon extract at 2 mg/ml to diabetic male mice for three weeks decreased blood glucose level and increased serum insulin and testosterone levels. This study recommends that intake of cinnamon bark as a drink may be beneficial for diabetic patients who suffer from sexual impotency as their extracts induce antidiabetic activity and enhance male fertility in diabetic mice.
Engineering and Technology Journal
In this research we study the effect of different extracts of Teucrium polium (cold water, hot wa... more In this research we study the effect of different extracts of Teucrium polium (cold water, hot water and alcohol extraction), effect of silver nanoparticles and the combination effect of Teucrium polium extracts with silver nanoparticles against different pathogenic microorganisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus volgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus and Candida albicans. The results showed that the effect of cold water extract on microbial activity only inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa. In case of hot water extract there is no effect on any type of microorganisms used in this study unlike the ethanolic extract it is affect on the growth of all microorganisms used except P. volgaris and E. coli. In the using of silver nanoparticles it inhibits the growth of all the microorganisms used in this research but in different ratios. In case of combination the effect will increase with assistant of silver nanoparticles except in P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia the effect of silver nanoparticles alone is higher
The present study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of Anethumgraveolen... more The present study was carried out to determine the effect of methanol extract of Anethumgraveolens(Dill) on serum lipoproteins in hypercholesterolaemic mice.A total of 24 male mice (average 25gm body weight) were used in this study. Mice were divided into four groups was injected with 100mg/kg ofalloxan to induce hyperglycemic in mice, the first group (1) was used as control (+ve) group (6 mice) which fed on basal diet only and the other three groups fed on basal diet containing 0.5, 1 and 2mg/ml of methanol extract (single daily dose of 1 ml). The experimental feeding period was 21 days.The changes in serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured by using enzymatic kits.However, the HDL-Cconcentrate decreased relative to control mice. Treatment of hyperlipidaemic mice with dill extract in concentration 1 and 2mg/ml up to 21 days reversed the serum lipid levels compared to m...
ةصلاخلا عانعنلا يتابنل يئاملا صلختسملل ةیطیبثتلا ةیلاعفلا ةسارد تمت Mentha piperita موثلاو Allium... more ةصلاخلا عانعنلا يتابنل يئاملا صلختسملل ةیطیبثتلا ةیلاعفلا ةسارد تمت Mentha piperita موثلاو Allium sativum ) زیكارتبو ٠.١ ، ٠.٢ ، ٠.٣ ، ٠.٤ ، ٠.٥ تلمش ةیضرملا ایرتكبلا نم عاونأ هاجت (رتلیللم/مغلم) ( : Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris رفحلا يف راشتنلاا ةقیرط مادختساب كلذو ، (Well Diffusion Method). لاك رھظأ ةیلاعفلا تدیازت دقو ةساردلا دیق ایرتكبلا عاونأ دض ةیلاع ةیطیبثت ةیلاعف موثلاو عانعنلا يتابنل نیصلختسملا تلا دایدزاب ) ریخلأا زیكرتلا ىطعأ ثیح امھیلكل زیكار ٠.٥ لمعل انعجش امم ةیطیبثت ةردق ىلعأ ،(رتلیللم/مغلم ةبسنب نیصلختسملا لاكل طیلخ ١ : ١ ةجیتن ىلع لوصحلا مت ثیح ایرتكبلا دض اعم امھریثأت ةفرعم ضرغل طیبثت رطق لدعمب ةیاغلل ةعجشم ٢٧ طیبثتلا ةیلاعفلا هذھ ةنراقم مث نمو .ملم تاداضملا نم ددع ةردقب ةی يھ ةیویحلا Trimethoprim , Nalidixic acid , Ampicillin ، Cephalexin ، Erythromycin ، Amoxicilin Gentamicin ، Tetracyclin Chloromphenicol, ةیضرملا ایرتكبلا ومن طیبثت ىلع ، ةیویحلا تاداضملل ةیساسحلا رابتخا مادختساب كلذو (Antibiolgram test). ABST...
There is a desperate need in continuing the search for natural products with novel mechanism to b... more There is a desperate need in continuing the search for natural products with novel mechanism to battle the constant increase of microbial drug resistance. Previously mushroom forming fungi were neglected as a source of novel antibiotics, due to the difficulties associated with their culture preparation and genetic tractability. However, modern fungal molecular and synthetic biology tools, renewed the interest in exploring mushroom fungi for novel therapeutics. The aim of this study was to have a comprehensive picture of nine basidiomycetes secondary metabolites (SM), screen their biological and chemical properties to describe the genetic pathways associated with their production. H. fasciculare revealed to be highly active antagonistic species, with antimicrobial activity against three different microorganisms - Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-. Extensive genomic comparison and chemical analysis using analytical chromatography, led to the characteris...
Molecular Biotechnology, 2019
Naematolin is a biologically active sesquiterpene produced by Hypholoma species. Low titres and c... more Naematolin is a biologically active sesquiterpene produced by Hypholoma species. Low titres and complex structure constrain the exploitation of this secondary metabolite. Here, we de novo sequenced the H. fasciculare genome to identify a candidate biosynthetic gene cluster for production of naematolin. Using Aspergillus oryzae as a heterologous host for gene expression, the activity of several sesquiterpene synthases were investigated, highlighting one atypical sesquiterpene synthase apparently capable of catalysing the 1,11 and subsequent 2,10 ring closures, which primes the synthesis of the distinctive structure of caryophyllene derivatives. Co-expression of the cyclase with an FAD oxidase adjacent within the gene cluster generated four oxidised caryophyllene-based sesquiterpenes: 5β,6α,8β-trihydroxycariolan, 5β,8β-dihydroxycariolan along with two previously unknown caryophyllene derivatives 2 and 3. This represents the first steps towards heterologous production of such basidiomycete-derived caryophyllene-based sesquiterpenes, opening a venue for potential novel antimicrobials via combinatorial biosynthesis.
Journal of Al-Nahrain University-Science, 2017
The main purpose of the present study was to invistgate different parameters of protease producti... more The main purpose of the present study was to invistgate different parameters of protease productivity and to optimize basal fermentation conditions for the production of protease enzyme under SSF where the isolated mold Rhizopus oligosporus was used. In this study, the effect of a number of determinants of environmental and nutritional factors in the production of the protein hydrolyzing enzyme (protease) from the isolated mold Rhizopus oryzae also studied. These factors which may play an influential role in improving the production of protease was to focus the source of carbon (flower without seeds) weight, the initial pH of the production medium which ingredients sunflower residue flowers without seeds was taken in conical flask as solid substrate and moistened with mineral solution consisting of 2.0g NH 4 SO 4 , 0.3g K 2 HPO 4 , 0.5g NaCl, 0.5g MgSO 4 , 0.2g Na 2 HPO 4 and 0.1g CaCl 2 per liter of distilled water. The inoculum size of the mold used in the study, the temperature of incubation and the incubation period. It was found that optimum conditions for protease production in the current study using sunflower residue as a source of carbon weighing 20g where the specific activity (2.83u/mg), optimum pH for the production of the enzyme is 5, has the resulted in the use of size 2×10 6 spores/ml inoculum to increase the production of the enzyme significantly while the optimum temperature for the production was 30ºC and enzyme production has reached to the maximum (17.41u/mg) after 144hrs of incubation.
Journal of microbiological methods, Nov 24, 2017
The basidiomycete fungi Hypholoma fasciculare and H. sublateritium are both prolific producers of... more The basidiomycete fungi Hypholoma fasciculare and H. sublateritium are both prolific producers of sesquiterpenes and triterpenes, some of which have relevant pharmaceutical properties. Although H. sublateritium has been transformed in the past, the low reported efficiencies highlighted the need for establishing an effective simple transformation system for these valuable species. We have optimized Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation through testing various parameters in these two Hypholoma species, showing that a mixture of homogenized mycelia and Agrobacterium (strain LBA4404) co-cultivated for 84h at 25°C is optimal for efficient transformation in these basidiomycetes. This study also reveals the requirements for transgene expression, with the first report of GFP expression in these Hypholoma, the need for an intron for such transgene expression, and further demonstrates the functionality of the expression vector by its use in Clitopilus passeckerianus. This developm...
uotechnology.edu.iq
A fungal strain of Aspergillus oryzae was used for the production of alpha amylase by solid state... more A fungal strain of Aspergillus oryzae was used for the production of alpha amylase by solid state fermentation from agro-industrial waste. Enzyme production was growth associated and maximum activity (8.23 U/ml) were obtained after 120h when incubated at ...
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Papers by Suhad Al-Salihi