Papers by Stéphanie Blanquet
Fems Microbiology Reviews, Jun 4, 2019
The review summarises the state of the art for studying gut microbesmucus interactions using in v... more The review summarises the state of the art for studying gut microbesmucus interactions using in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experimental models.
Social Science Research Network, 2022
Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft & Technologie, May 1, 2018
Understanding the functions of the human gut microbiota and its associated phageome is of major i... more Understanding the functions of the human gut microbiota and its associated phageome is of major interest. The human gut contains about 10 15 phage particles, suggesting that phages may modulate the gut microbiota. Nevertheless, the targeted application of phages in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) faces numerous challenges, i.e., availability of appropriate phage delivery systems and sensitivity of phages to gastrointestinal conditions. In the present study, a dynamic gastrointestinal model (TIM-1 system) was used to investigate i) the survival kinetics of the lactococcal phage P008 added to three different "test meals" and ii) the delivery of this phage to the large intestine. In the stomach compartment, a protective effect of the food matrix was documented on phage stability. The highest survival rate in the stomach was observed for encapsulated phages and a residual phage titer (in total) of 8 log pfu was detected after 240 min digestion at a pH < 2.0. However, release from the gastric compartment appeared to be significantly delayed in this case. Regardless of the used "test meal", high phage delivery from the ileal compartment was observed after 4 h of digestion, with a maximum value of 27% for phages suspended in milk concentrate. Hence, this study indicates that phages survive in significant numbers (i.e., > 90%) during passage through the upper human GIT and may hence be able-when added e.g. to a dairy food matrix-to affect the activity of the human gut microbiota.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 5, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Jun 21, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Mar 22, 2021
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), May 27, 2020
International audienc
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 5, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 1, 2022
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Apr 1, 2020
International audienc
Microbiology spectrum, Apr 13, 2023
Here, we propose a new model of oral-to-gut invasion by the combined use of an in vitro model sim... more Here, we propose a new model of oral-to-gut invasion by the combined use of an in vitro model simulating both the physicochemical and microbial (lumen- and mucus-associated microbes) parameters of the human colon (M-ARCOL), a salivary enrichment protocol, and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 27, 2021
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Sep 1, 2021
International Journal of Biological Sciences
Health and well-being of dogs are of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion plays a key ... more Health and well-being of dogs are of paramount importance to their owners. Digestion plays a key role in dog health, involving physicochemical, mechanical and microbial actors. However, decades of breeding selection led to various dog sizes associated with different digestive physiology and disease sensitivity. Developing new products requires the consideration of all the multi-faceted aspects of canine digestion, the evaluation of food digestibility, drug release and absorption in the gut. This review paper provides an exhaustive literature survey on canine digestive physiology, focusing on size effect on anatomy and digestive parameters, with graphical representation of data classified as "small", "medium" and "large" dogs. Despite the huge variability between protocols and animals, interesting size effects on gastrointestinal physiology were highlighted, mainly related to the colonic compartment. Colonic measurements, transit time permeability, fibre degradation, faecal short-chain fatty acid concentration and faecal water content increase while faecal bile acid concentration decreases with body size. A negative correlation between body weight and Proteobacteria relative abundance was observed suggesting an effect of dog body size on faecal microbiota. This paper gathers helpful in vivo data for academics and industrials and supports the development of new food and pharma products to move towards canine personalized nutrition and health.
Nutrients
Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious p... more Dietary fibers exhibit well-known beneficial effects on human health, but their anti-infectious properties against enteric pathogens have been poorly investigated. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major food-borne pathogen that causes acute traveler’s diarrhea. Its virulence traits mainly rely on adhesion to an epithelial surface, mucus degradation, and the secretion of two enterotoxins associated with intestinal inflammation. With the increasing burden of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an imperious need to develop novel alternative strategies to control ETEC infections. This study aimed to investigate, using complementary in vitro approaches, the inhibitory potential of two dietary-fiber-containing products (a lentil extract and yeast cell walls) against the human ETEC reference strain H10407. We showed that the lentil extract decreased toxin production in a dose-dependent manner, reduced pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 production, and modulated mucus-related ...
Antibiotics, 2021
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious agent responsible for piglet post-... more Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the main infectious agent responsible for piglet post-weaning diarrhea with high mortality rates. Antimicrobials represent the current principal strategy for treating ETEC infections in pig farms, but the occurrence of multi-resistant bacterial strains has considerably increased in the last decades. Thus, finding non-antibiotic alternatives becomes a real emergency. In this context, we investigated the effect of a live yeast strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii CNCM I-1079 (SB) in an in vitro model of the weaning piglet colon implemented with a mucus phase (MPigut-IVM) inoculated with ETEC and coupled with an intestinal porcine cell line IPI-2I. We showed that SB was able to modulate the in vitro microbiota through an increase in Bacteroidiaceae and a decrease in Prevotellaceae families. Effluents collected from the SB treated bioreactors were able to mitigate the expression level of genes encoding non-gel forming mucins, tight ju...
Medecine sciences : M/S, 2021
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with high p... more Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with high prevalence. IBS, in particular the diarrheic subtype, is associated with alterations in gut microbiota composition and functionality, called dysbiosis. However, the treatment of this disease mainly relies on the patient's symptoms without considering the gut microbiota perturbations. In this review, we present epidemiological data about IBS-D. Then, we describe the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with this disease, by focusing on gut microbiota alterations. We end up discussing the current therapies now available.
Food Hydrocolloids, 2021
Starch represents the main source of carbohydrates in human diet and its digestibility is suspect... more Starch represents the main source of carbohydrates in human diet and its digestibility is suspected to be involved in the control of glycemic response. The low glycemic index caused by pastas is mainly attributed to the starchprotein network constituting their compact structure. A significant part of the physico-chemical digestive process probably occurs during mastication with exposure to amylase. However, the respective accountability of oral and intestinal phases in digestion is not clearly established, and this knowledge would especially benefit to health management of people suffering of impaired mastication. Food boluses were produced for in vitro gastrointestinal digestion either by in vitro normal (NM) or deficient mastication (DM) of wholegrain and refined pastas. Boluses were first characterized for physical properties. Many large particles were obtained in DM boluses whatever the pastas. Starch and hydrolysis products were then determined in boluses and gastrointestinal digestas. The beginning of starch hydrolysis was confirmed in the mouth with a production of maltose in the NM boluses, around 1.6 g/100g of cooked pastas, significantly decreased to 1.2 g/100g in the DM boluses, whatever the pastas. Even if the negative effect of DM on gastrointestinal starch hydrolysis into glucose was observed for both pastas, the greatest impact occurred in refined ones with 55.9 ± 0.82 g glucose/100g pastas after NM versus 53.00 ± 0.95 g/100g after DM. This study highlighted the importance to consider the oral phase in digestion studies, regarding the impact of food structure and oral disruption, and especially in case of DM.
Microorganisms, 2021
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an innovative therapy already used in humans to treat C... more Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an innovative therapy already used in humans to treat Clostridioides difficile infections associated with massive use of antibiotics. Clinical studies are obviously the gold standard to evaluate FMT efficiency but remain limited by regulatory, ethics, and cost constraints. In the present study, an in vitro model of the human colon reproducing medically relevant perturbation of the colonic ecosystem by antibiotherapy was used to compare the efficiency of traditional FMT enema formulations and a new oral capsule in restoring gut microbiota composition and activity. Loss of microbial diversity, shift in bacterial populations, and sharp decrease in fermentation activities induced in vivo by antibiotherapy were efficiently reproduced in the in vitro model, while capturing inter-individual variability of gut microbiome. Oral capsule was as efficient as enema to decrease the number of disturbed days and bacterial load had no effect on enema perform...
Frontiers in Microbiology, 2021
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the principal pathogen responsible for post-weaning di... more Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the principal pathogen responsible for post-weaning diarrhea in newly weaned piglets. Expansion of ETEC at weaning is thought to be the consequence of various stress factors such as transient anorexia, dietary change or increase in intestinal inflammation and permeability, but the exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. As the use of animal experiments raise more and more ethical concerns, we used a recently developed in vitro model of piglet colonic microbiome and mucobiome, the MPigut-IVM, to evaluate the effects of a simulated weaning transition and pathogen challenge at weaning. Our data suggested that the tested factors impacted the composition and functionality of the MPigut-IVM microbiota. The simulation of weaning transition led to an increase in relative abundance of the Prevotellaceae family which was further promoted by the presence of the ETEC strain. In contrast, several beneficial families such as Bacteroidiaceae or Ruminoco...
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Papers by Stéphanie Blanquet