Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menst... more Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menstruation, due to bone loss accelerated by menopause. The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers (BTMs). Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 postmenopausal women; 50 osteoporotic and 50 nonosteoporotic. Comparison and correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum osteocalcin (sOC) and urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) were done based on duration of menopause. Comparison of biochemical parameters was done using Independent t-test and ANOVA test for two groups and more than two groups respectively. Correlation was done using Pearson's correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The sOC significantly declined and uHP levels increased between quartiles of duration of menopause among study participants. (p<0.001). However, in those without fractures, sOC and uHP were higher in those with <7 years since menopause (YSM) and then plateaued after 8 YSM. The percentage of osteoporotic women having >15 YSM was 82%. Duration of menopause correlated better with sOC (r=-0.633) than uHP (r=0.575) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures were higher in more than 15 YSM. There was no difference in both sOC and uHP in those with fractures, proving non-significance of screening these markers once the fractures have occurred. As sOC correlates better with duration of menopause, monitoring of sOC in early years of menopause is required to prevent osteoporotic fractures and associated burden through prophylactic treatment.
Avicenna journal of medical biochemistry, Dec 29, 2021
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health concerns in recent year... more Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health concerns in recent years due to its adverse clinical outcomes which include cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and mortality (1,2). CKD is most commonly attributed to diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) (1). Most patients with CKD are asymptomatic. They are identified during routine blood or urine tests, less frequently as an incidental finding (1). Clinical features of the disease become apparent only during later stages of CKD during which the patients may require hemodialysis or renal replacement therapy (3). Early detection of CKD is hence essential to prevent disease progression and initiate treatment protocols. CKD is defined as the presence of abnormalities in the structure or function of the kidneys persisting for more than 3 months. Once diagnosed, it is important to determine the stage of CKD based on the GFR and urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) to predict the prognosis 1,4). At present, most of the clinicians and clinical laboratories report eGFR based on SCr levels using GFR estimating equations such as Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations. This has eliminated the need for performing direct measurement of GFR which is considered expensive and laborious (1). Estimation of GFR based on SCr alone is not ideal. SCr level is influenced by various factors such as muscle mass, variations in filtration based on age, renal tubular secretion, drug intake, analytical factors, and extrarenal clearance (5). In order to overcome these limitations, extensive research has been carried out over years to find an alternate biomarker. Among the several novel biomarkers discovered for the detection of impaired renal function, serum cystatin C (SCysC) has gained more importance. Human cystatin C (CysC) is a low molecular weight cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated cells. It is filtered freely in the glomerulus, gets reabsorbed in the proximal
Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle ca... more Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle causing osteoporosis. Hip fractures among postmenopausal women escalate morbidity and mortality in these women. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on BTMs so that it could detect post-menopausal osteoporosis at the earliest and predict the fracture risk Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 100 postmenopausal women. The duration of menopause was divided into quartiles. Evaluation and correlation of serum osteocalcin, urinary hydroxyproline, BMI, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase was done on the duration of menopause. The subjects comprised 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women. Continuous variables were represented as median and interquartile ranges. Comparison between two groups was done using the Mann Whitney U test. Comparison between more than two groups was done using the Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation was done using spearman's correlation test. Statistical signi cance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Serum osteocalcin levels signi cantly declined and urinary hydroxyproline levels elevated between quartiles of duration of menopause in the entire study group and in osteoporotic women. (p<0.001). There was no signi cant difference in osteocalcin and hydroxyproline levels between the quartiles in the fracture group. 82% of the osteoporotic had >15 YSM. Conclusion: Osteocalcin levels plateaued after 8years of menopause and started decreasing after 15 YSM. Osteoporotic fractures were higher in more than 15 YSM and the osteocalcin level was 2.47 ng/ml in this quartile. There is no signi cant difference in osteocalcin levels in those with fractures, indicating no signi cance of screening for serum osteocalcin levels once the fractures have occurred. Hence concluding that the duration of menopause is the key indicator for osteoporosis and serum osteocalcin is a potent biomarker for detection of the risk of fracture. Monitoring of serum osteocalcin levels(<2.55ng/ml) after 8 years of menopause is very essential for early prophylactic treatment in order to prevent osteoporotic fractures and the burden associated with it.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in recent years mainly ... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in recent years mainly due to its adverse clinical outcomes. It is most commonly attributed to diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Among the several novel biomarkers discovered to detect impaired renal function, serum cystatin C (SCysC) has gained importance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare SCysC and serum creatinine (SCr) in CKD subjects and apparently healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study comprising of 120 diagnosed cases of CKD and 40 controls was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. SCr and SCysC levels were estimated using modified Jaffe’s method and particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKD EPI formula. Comparison of SCr and SCysC between cases and controls was done using Mann Whitney U test. Pearson’s correlation test was used to study the correlation between variables. Statis...
Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menst... more Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menstruation, due to bone loss accelerated by menopause. The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers (BTMs). Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 postmenopausal women; 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic. Comparison and correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum osteocalcin (sOC) and urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) were done based on duration of menopause. Comparison of biochemical parameters was done using Independent t-test and ANOVA test for two groups and more than two groups respectively. Correlation was done using Pearson’s correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The sOC significantly declined and uHP levels increased between quartiles of duration of menopause among study participants. (p<0.001). However, in those without fractures, sOC and uHP were ...
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center">Impact of Seasonal Variation in Association with Other Factors on Vitamin D Status among Mangalorean Population</p>, Jan 3, 2021
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications is an important health problem. As o... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications is an important health problem. As oxidative stress and inflammation appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and development of its complications; we intend to study the serum GGT activity and hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, type 2diabetes with complications and age and sex matched normal controls. Materials and Methods: Study consisted of 75 subjects out of whom 25 subjects were type 2 diabetics without any complications, 25 subjects were type 2 diabetics with complications and 25 were age and sex matched normal controls. Serum GGT, serum hsCRP, FBS and glycated hemoglobin were measured in these subjects. Results: Levels of serum hs-CRP and GGT is increased in type 2 diabetics without any complications and type 2 diabetics with complications, when compared to controls, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Present study showed increas...
As we live in a country with abundant sunshine the prevalence of this sunshine vitamin deficiency... more As we live in a country with abundant sunshine the prevalence of this sunshine vitamin deficiency is around 70-100%. Minimum thirty minutes of UV B ray exposure causes the production of 600-1000IU of vitamin D in our body. The cut off values for 25-OH vitamin D deficiency is<20ng/ml. The exact cut off value for 'deficiency' and 'insufficiency' and its vitamin D therapy in India remains controversial. Despite the controversy the Clinicians often prescribe high dose vitamin D to treat the deficiency. Objectives of the study: To compare the vitamin D levels in apparently healthy office workers and manual laborers. Methods and Materials: This study was conducted on 50 apparently healthy office workers, working indoors from 9am to 5 pm and 50 apparently healthy manual labourers working outdoors, during the month of January and February in Mangalore, India. Results: The mean vitamin D levels were significantly higher (p <0.001) in manual labourers than the office wor...
Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle ca... more Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle causing osteoporosis. Hip fractures among postmenopausal women escalate morbidity and mortality in these women. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on BTMs so that it could detect post-menopausal osteoporosis at the earliest and predict the fracture risk Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 100 postmenopausal women. The duration of menopause was divided into quartiles. Evaluation and correlation of serum osteocalcin, urinary hydroxyproline, BMI, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase was done on the duration of menopause. The subjects comprised 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women. Continuous variables were represented as median and interquartile ranges. Comparison between two groups was done using the Mann Whitney U test. Comparison between more than two groups was do...
Background Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Gene and lifestyle facto... more Background Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Gene and lifestyle factors are considered to be the major contributors. A dietary pattern is attributed to be one of the lifestyle risk factors favoring diabetes. The present study aims to find an association between fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene polymorphism and glycemic profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology A total of 429 subjects were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 213 and 216 subjects were diabetic and control, respectively. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin were measured using commercially available kits. rs174575 of FADS2 was selected based on previous publications and identified using the dbSNP database. To compare the biochemical parameters with the genotype, the following three models were used: additive model (CC vs CG vs GG), dominant model (CC + CG vs GG), and recessi...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the general population which m... more Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the general population which may have an influence on diabetic management. The present study compared the levels of thyroid hormones, serum creatinine, glycated haemoglobin and urine microalbumin between type 2 diabetics without any complications, type 2 diabetics with nephropathy and age and sex matched normal controls. The mean serum T3 level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 91.27 ± 14.56 ng/dl , in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 88.5320 ± 30.87 ng/dl and in controls was 134.98 ± 28.55 ng/dl. The mean serum T4 level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 7.73 ± 1.42 μg/dl, in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 7.25 ± 2.72 μg/dl and in controls was 8.61 ± 1.73 μg/dl. The mean serum TSH level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 3.99 ± 1.87 μIU/ml, in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 4.27 ± 1.62 μIU/ml and in controls was 2.07 ± 1.09 μIU/ml. Correlations between...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Sialic acid levels are increased in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its estimation helps in predicti... more Sialic acid levels are increased in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its estimation helps in predicting the occurrence of microvascular complication such as diabetic nephropathy. The present study compared the levels of sialic acid, glycated haemoglobin, serum creatinine and urine microalbumin: in type-2 diabetics without any complications; in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy; and in age and sex matched healthy individual (controls). The study observed an increased level of sialic acid in type-2 diabetics without any complications and type-2 diabetics with nephropathy. Serum sialic acid levels in type-2 diabetics without any complications was 64.44 ± 3.93 mg/dl, in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy was 73.88 ± 4.41 mg/dl, and in controls it was 53.16 ± 3.40 mg/dl. Urine sialic acid levels in type-2 diabetics without any complications was 6.62 ± 0.70 mg/dl, in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy was 8.46 ± 0.97 mg/dl, and in controls it was 4.44 ± 0.62 mg/dl. Correlation of sialic acid le...
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2017
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be associated with autoimmune diseases, whic... more Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be associated with autoimmune diseases, which is a controversial finding in various previous studies. Moreover there are limited studies done on serum vitamin D and its association with rheumatoid arthritis in Indian population. Therefore the present study was designed to study the level of vitamin D in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to compare it with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls who were willing to participate in the study from the department of orthopaedics and General medicine. After obtaining the written informed consent from all the participants, 2 ml of blood was collected in a plain vacutainer for the estimation of vitamin D by chemi-luminescent method. Results: The cut off values of 25-OH vitamin D level, being 30ng/ml as normal. There was neither any statistical difference in the vitamin ...
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021
BACKGROUND India has plenty of sunshine, yet people here are deprived of vitamin D – ‘sunshine vi... more BACKGROUND India has plenty of sunshine, yet people here are deprived of vitamin D – ‘sunshine vitamin’. According to endocrine society of India, vitamin D levels of < 20 ng / mL is considered to be vitamin D deficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate seasonal variation of vitamin D and give an insight on risk factors such as age, gender, diet, body mass index, occupation, skin complexion and body surface area exposure on vitamin D level. METHODS The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 109 apparently healthy individuals. The same cohort of subjects was followed for two seasons - summer and winter. Serum was collected and analysed for 25-OH vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous. Skin color was assessed according to the Fitzpatrick classification, questionnaire was given to assess the approximate time limit of sun exposure in a day along with the exposed areas to sunlight and anthropometric parameters such as height and weight were measured using sta...
Objective of the review is to explore the role of angiopoietin like 3 protein (ANGPTL3) as a risk... more Objective of the review is to explore the role of angiopoietin like 3 protein (ANGPTL3) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ANGPTL3 (human), one member of the angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family, has been identified as an important regulator of lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and reduction of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has been verified as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), leading to a high mortality rate in general population. There may be an association between ANGPTL3, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menst... more Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menstruation, due to bone loss accelerated by menopause. The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers (BTMs). Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 postmenopausal women; 50 osteoporotic and 50 nonosteoporotic. Comparison and correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum osteocalcin (sOC) and urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) were done based on duration of menopause. Comparison of biochemical parameters was done using Independent t-test and ANOVA test for two groups and more than two groups respectively. Correlation was done using Pearson's correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The sOC significantly declined and uHP levels increased between quartiles of duration of menopause among study participants. (p<0.001). However, in those without fractures, sOC and uHP were higher in those with <7 years since menopause (YSM) and then plateaued after 8 YSM. The percentage of osteoporotic women having >15 YSM was 82%. Duration of menopause correlated better with sOC (r=-0.633) than uHP (r=0.575) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Osteoporotic fractures were higher in more than 15 YSM. There was no difference in both sOC and uHP in those with fractures, proving non-significance of screening these markers once the fractures have occurred. As sOC correlates better with duration of menopause, monitoring of sOC in early years of menopause is required to prevent osteoporotic fractures and associated burden through prophylactic treatment.
Avicenna journal of medical biochemistry, Dec 29, 2021
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health concerns in recent year... more Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major public health concerns in recent years due to its adverse clinical outcomes which include cardiovascular disease (CVD), end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and mortality (1,2). CKD is most commonly attributed to diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) (1). Most patients with CKD are asymptomatic. They are identified during routine blood or urine tests, less frequently as an incidental finding (1). Clinical features of the disease become apparent only during later stages of CKD during which the patients may require hemodialysis or renal replacement therapy (3). Early detection of CKD is hence essential to prevent disease progression and initiate treatment protocols. CKD is defined as the presence of abnormalities in the structure or function of the kidneys persisting for more than 3 months. Once diagnosed, it is important to determine the stage of CKD based on the GFR and urine albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) to predict the prognosis 1,4). At present, most of the clinicians and clinical laboratories report eGFR based on SCr levels using GFR estimating equations such as Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD EPI) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equations. This has eliminated the need for performing direct measurement of GFR which is considered expensive and laborious (1). Estimation of GFR based on SCr alone is not ideal. SCr level is influenced by various factors such as muscle mass, variations in filtration based on age, renal tubular secretion, drug intake, analytical factors, and extrarenal clearance (5). In order to overcome these limitations, extensive research has been carried out over years to find an alternate biomarker. Among the several novel biomarkers discovered for the detection of impaired renal function, serum cystatin C (SCysC) has gained more importance. Human cystatin C (CysC) is a low molecular weight cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated cells. It is filtered freely in the glomerulus, gets reabsorbed in the proximal
Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle ca... more Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle causing osteoporosis. Hip fractures among postmenopausal women escalate morbidity and mortality in these women. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on BTMs so that it could detect post-menopausal osteoporosis at the earliest and predict the fracture risk Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 100 postmenopausal women. The duration of menopause was divided into quartiles. Evaluation and correlation of serum osteocalcin, urinary hydroxyproline, BMI, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase was done on the duration of menopause. The subjects comprised 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women. Continuous variables were represented as median and interquartile ranges. Comparison between two groups was done using the Mann Whitney U test. Comparison between more than two groups was done using the Kruskal Wallis test. The correlation was done using spearman's correlation test. Statistical signi cance was considered at p<0.05. Results: Serum osteocalcin levels signi cantly declined and urinary hydroxyproline levels elevated between quartiles of duration of menopause in the entire study group and in osteoporotic women. (p<0.001). There was no signi cant difference in osteocalcin and hydroxyproline levels between the quartiles in the fracture group. 82% of the osteoporotic had >15 YSM. Conclusion: Osteocalcin levels plateaued after 8years of menopause and started decreasing after 15 YSM. Osteoporotic fractures were higher in more than 15 YSM and the osteocalcin level was 2.47 ng/ml in this quartile. There is no signi cant difference in osteocalcin levels in those with fractures, indicating no signi cance of screening for serum osteocalcin levels once the fractures have occurred. Hence concluding that the duration of menopause is the key indicator for osteoporosis and serum osteocalcin is a potent biomarker for detection of the risk of fracture. Monitoring of serum osteocalcin levels(<2.55ng/ml) after 8 years of menopause is very essential for early prophylactic treatment in order to prevent osteoporotic fractures and the burden associated with it.
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in recent years mainly ... more Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern in recent years mainly due to its adverse clinical outcomes. It is most commonly attributed to diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). Among the several novel biomarkers discovered to detect impaired renal function, serum cystatin C (SCysC) has gained importance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare SCysC and serum creatinine (SCr) in CKD subjects and apparently healthy controls. Methods: This case-control study comprising of 120 diagnosed cases of CKD and 40 controls was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. SCr and SCysC levels were estimated using modified Jaffe’s method and particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method, respectively. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKD EPI formula. Comparison of SCr and SCysC between cases and controls was done using Mann Whitney U test. Pearson’s correlation test was used to study the correlation between variables. Statis...
Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menst... more Introduction and Aim: Osteoporosis is common among women following 10 years of cessation of menstruation, due to bone loss accelerated by menopause. The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on bone turnover markers (BTMs). Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 postmenopausal women; 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic. Comparison and correlation of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum osteocalcin (sOC) and urinary hydroxyproline (uHP) were done based on duration of menopause. Comparison of biochemical parameters was done using Independent t-test and ANOVA test for two groups and more than two groups respectively. Correlation was done using Pearson’s correlation test. Statistical significance was considered at p<0.05. Results: The sOC significantly declined and uHP levels increased between quartiles of duration of menopause among study participants. (p<0.001). However, in those without fractures, sOC and uHP were ...
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center">Impact of Seasonal Variation in Association with Other Factors on Vitamin D Status among Mangalorean Population</p>, Jan 3, 2021
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications is an important health problem. As o... more Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications is an important health problem. As oxidative stress and inflammation appears to play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and development of its complications; we intend to study the serum GGT activity and hs-CRP levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus without complications, type 2diabetes with complications and age and sex matched normal controls. Materials and Methods: Study consisted of 75 subjects out of whom 25 subjects were type 2 diabetics without any complications, 25 subjects were type 2 diabetics with complications and 25 were age and sex matched normal controls. Serum GGT, serum hsCRP, FBS and glycated hemoglobin were measured in these subjects. Results: Levels of serum hs-CRP and GGT is increased in type 2 diabetics without any complications and type 2 diabetics with complications, when compared to controls, which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Present study showed increas...
As we live in a country with abundant sunshine the prevalence of this sunshine vitamin deficiency... more As we live in a country with abundant sunshine the prevalence of this sunshine vitamin deficiency is around 70-100%. Minimum thirty minutes of UV B ray exposure causes the production of 600-1000IU of vitamin D in our body. The cut off values for 25-OH vitamin D deficiency is<20ng/ml. The exact cut off value for 'deficiency' and 'insufficiency' and its vitamin D therapy in India remains controversial. Despite the controversy the Clinicians often prescribe high dose vitamin D to treat the deficiency. Objectives of the study: To compare the vitamin D levels in apparently healthy office workers and manual laborers. Methods and Materials: This study was conducted on 50 apparently healthy office workers, working indoors from 9am to 5 pm and 50 apparently healthy manual labourers working outdoors, during the month of January and February in Mangalore, India. Results: The mean vitamin D levels were significantly higher (p <0.001) in manual labourers than the office wor...
Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle ca... more Background: Menopause accelerates bone loss after 10 years of cessation of the menstrual cycle causing osteoporosis. Hip fractures among postmenopausal women escalate morbidity and mortality in these women. Objective: The study was done to evaluate the effect of duration of menopause on BTMs so that it could detect post-menopausal osteoporosis at the earliest and predict the fracture risk Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 100 postmenopausal women. The duration of menopause was divided into quartiles. Evaluation and correlation of serum osteocalcin, urinary hydroxyproline, BMI, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase was done on the duration of menopause. The subjects comprised 50 osteoporotic and 50 non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women. Continuous variables were represented as median and interquartile ranges. Comparison between two groups was done using the Mann Whitney U test. Comparison between more than two groups was do...
Background Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Gene and lifestyle facto... more Background Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetes. Gene and lifestyle factors are considered to be the major contributors. A dietary pattern is attributed to be one of the lifestyle risk factors favoring diabetes. The present study aims to find an association between fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene polymorphism and glycemic profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology A total of 429 subjects were included in the study on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, of which 213 and 216 subjects were diabetic and control, respectively. Body mass index was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and insulin were measured using commercially available kits. rs174575 of FADS2 was selected based on previous publications and identified using the dbSNP database. To compare the biochemical parameters with the genotype, the following three models were used: additive model (CC vs CG vs GG), dominant model (CC + CG vs GG), and recessi...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the general population which m... more Diabetic patients have higher prevalence of thyroid disorders than the general population which may have an influence on diabetic management. The present study compared the levels of thyroid hormones, serum creatinine, glycated haemoglobin and urine microalbumin between type 2 diabetics without any complications, type 2 diabetics with nephropathy and age and sex matched normal controls. The mean serum T3 level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 91.27 ± 14.56 ng/dl , in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 88.5320 ± 30.87 ng/dl and in controls was 134.98 ± 28.55 ng/dl. The mean serum T4 level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 7.73 ± 1.42 μg/dl, in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 7.25 ± 2.72 μg/dl and in controls was 8.61 ± 1.73 μg/dl. The mean serum TSH level in type 2 diabetics without any complications was 3.99 ± 1.87 μIU/ml, in type 2 diabetics with nephropathy was 4.27 ± 1.62 μIU/ml and in controls was 2.07 ± 1.09 μIU/ml. Correlations between...
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Sialic acid levels are increased in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its estimation helps in predicti... more Sialic acid levels are increased in type-2 diabetes mellitus and its estimation helps in predicting the occurrence of microvascular complication such as diabetic nephropathy. The present study compared the levels of sialic acid, glycated haemoglobin, serum creatinine and urine microalbumin: in type-2 diabetics without any complications; in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy; and in age and sex matched healthy individual (controls). The study observed an increased level of sialic acid in type-2 diabetics without any complications and type-2 diabetics with nephropathy. Serum sialic acid levels in type-2 diabetics without any complications was 64.44 ± 3.93 mg/dl, in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy was 73.88 ± 4.41 mg/dl, and in controls it was 53.16 ± 3.40 mg/dl. Urine sialic acid levels in type-2 diabetics without any complications was 6.62 ± 0.70 mg/dl, in type-2 diabetics with nephropathy was 8.46 ± 0.97 mg/dl, and in controls it was 4.44 ± 0.62 mg/dl. Correlation of sialic acid le...
International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research, 2017
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be associated with autoimmune diseases, whic... more Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be associated with autoimmune diseases, which is a controversial finding in various previous studies. Moreover there are limited studies done on serum vitamin D and its association with rheumatoid arthritis in Indian population. Therefore the present study was designed to study the level of vitamin D in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to compare it with healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 patients diagnosed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls who were willing to participate in the study from the department of orthopaedics and General medicine. After obtaining the written informed consent from all the participants, 2 ml of blood was collected in a plain vacutainer for the estimation of vitamin D by chemi-luminescent method. Results: The cut off values of 25-OH vitamin D level, being 30ng/ml as normal. There was neither any statistical difference in the vitamin ...
This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Deri... more This article is available in open access under Creative Common Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing to download articles and share them with others as long as they credit the authors and the publisher, but without permission to change them in any way or use them commercially.
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2021
BACKGROUND India has plenty of sunshine, yet people here are deprived of vitamin D – ‘sunshine vi... more BACKGROUND India has plenty of sunshine, yet people here are deprived of vitamin D – ‘sunshine vitamin’. According to endocrine society of India, vitamin D levels of < 20 ng / mL is considered to be vitamin D deficiency. The objective of the study was to evaluate seasonal variation of vitamin D and give an insight on risk factors such as age, gender, diet, body mass index, occupation, skin complexion and body surface area exposure on vitamin D level. METHODS The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Mangalore on 109 apparently healthy individuals. The same cohort of subjects was followed for two seasons - summer and winter. Serum was collected and analysed for 25-OH vitamin D, calcium and phosphorous. Skin color was assessed according to the Fitzpatrick classification, questionnaire was given to assess the approximate time limit of sun exposure in a day along with the exposed areas to sunlight and anthropometric parameters such as height and weight were measured using sta...
Objective of the review is to explore the role of angiopoietin like 3 protein (ANGPTL3) as a risk... more Objective of the review is to explore the role of angiopoietin like 3 protein (ANGPTL3) as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ANGPTL3 (human), one member of the angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family, has been identified as an important regulator of lipid metabolism. Dyslipidemia, characterized by elevation of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and reduction of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), has been verified as a causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), leading to a high mortality rate in general population. There may be an association between ANGPTL3, dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular risk.
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