IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research, 2022
Urinary cytology functions as the primary screening and surveillance modality for the detection o... more Urinary cytology functions as the primary screening and surveillance modality for the detection of urothelial neoplasia. To determine the significance of urinary bladder wash cytology in predicting various grades of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder along with their histological confirmation. The prospective study was conducted in Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of thirty-one urinary bladder washing samples (processed by Conventional method, Cytospin and Liquid based cytology) were taken prior to biopsy from clinically suspected patients of urinary bladder neoplasm. The cytological examination of bladder washings was reported according to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology and Bladder biopsies were reported according to WHO/ISUP grading of Urothelial Tumors 2004. All the data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy among three techniques of processing bladder washings....
Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies with the... more Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies with the presence of 20% or more blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Malignant cells display characteristic patterns of surface antigenic expression. Aberrant phenotypes are defined as patterns of antigen expression on neoplastic cells different from the process of normal hematopoietic maturation. We sought to evaluate the occurrence of aberrant phenotypes in newly diagnosed cases of AL. Methods: The study included 100 patients in whom both bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry were performed. Patients with blasts > 20% of all ages were included in the study. Flow cytometric analysis was done using the monoclonal antibody panel of peripheral blood/bone marrow. Results: Out of 100 cases, 53 were categorized as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 43 as acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and four cases of mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL). ALL were subcategorized based on immunophenoty...
Lymphoepithelial cysts are benign, slowly growing unilocular or multilocular lesions that appear ... more Lymphoepithelial cysts are benign, slowly growing unilocular or multilocular lesions that appear in the head and neck region. They are also called branchial cysts and occur due to lymphocyte induced cystic ductular dilatation. The confirmatory diagnosis is always made on histopathological examination after resection. A 29 years old female patient presented to ENT department, Pt B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak with a soft to firm, non-tender, swelling in the submandibular region since 2 -3 days and was referred to Department of Pathology for FNAC on which a differential diagnosis of infected epidermoid cyst or squamous cell carcinoma was made and excision biopsyfor confirmation and categorization was advised. The swelling was then excised and sent for histopathological examination and a final diagnosis of Lymphoepithelial cyst was made.The confirmatory diagnosis is always made postoperatively by histopathological examination. The treatment of a lymphoepithelial cyst is the surgical approa...
Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, 2020
Esophageal Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECs) are rare and aggresive type of esophageal carcinoma wi... more Esophageal Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECs) are rare and aggresive type of esophageal carcinoma with positive neuroendocrine markers. The esophageal NECs present most commonly with gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia and/or abdominal discomfort. They have the potential for distant metastasis. In the present case series, all the patients present with symptoms of dysphagia and ulcerative growth pattern with positive neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers.
Inflammatory pseudo-tumor of spleen, a benign reactive lesion of unknown etiology and pathogenesi... more Inflammatory pseudo-tumor of spleen, a benign reactive lesion of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, is extremely rare with isolated case reports in literature. These are usually misdiagnosed preoperatively, both clinically and radiologically; metastasis or lymphoproliferative disorders with pathological studies allow reliable diagnosis of the disease. We report the unusual occurrence of this lesion in the spleen.
Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Feb 17, 2015
Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GTBM) also known as serous atrophy is a degenerative chang... more Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GTBM) also known as serous atrophy is a degenerative change in the hematopoietic bone marrow and is a rare well recognized pathological entity. It was earlier described mainly in association with anorexia nervosa and psychiatric eating disorders, but recently it has been reported in ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis, chronic renal diseases, immuno suppressed states (mainly HIV infection), malignancies and Kala azar. Treatment is based on treating the underlying disease. Our objective was to study the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diseases causing gelatinous transformation of bone marrow, at a tertiary center level. A prospective study was conducted on 732 samples of bone marrow aspirate with the aim of identifying gelatinous transformation in bone marrow aspirates which was confirmed by Alcian blue stain at pH 2.5. The presence of this material was correlated with the hematological profile of the patient, the presenting signs and symptoms and provisional clinical diagnosis at initial visit. Incidence of gelatinous transformation was calculated to be nearly 4.8 % and the condition was more common in males (23) as compared to females (12) (Male:Female = 2:1). Forty percent of the cases were seen in children followed by 37 % in adolescents and young adults. The older individuals comprised only 23 % of the cases. The bone marrow was hypocellular in 21 (60 %), normocellular in 10 (28.5 %) and hypercellular in four cases (11.5 %). Five cases with GTBM progressed to aplastic anaemia of which three were in children.
Background: Celiac disease (CD), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of small intestine that oc... more Background: Celiac disease (CD), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed populations. It is characterized by permanent intolerance to wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamins. The epidemiology of CD has iceberg characteristics with more undiagnosed cases. The diagnosis of CD is currently based on both typical small bowel biopsy findings with clinical and serological parameters. Anemia secondary to iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 malabsorption is a common complication of celiac disease. Patients can also present with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, venous thromboembolism, hyposplenism and IgA deficiency. Aims: This study conducted with aims to study presenting complaints of suspected cases of celiac disease and further correlate endoscopic duodenal biopsies with various clinical and serological parameters. Materials and Methods: The detailed clinical history and physical examination was done and then duodenum bio...
Oncology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Reports, 2015
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition that results in developme... more Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition that results in development of the large number of colorectal, and eventually, small intestinal or even gastric adenomas at an early age (late childhood to early adulthood). Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare neoplasms. Their greater rarity compared with other extragonadal YSTs suggests that different pathogenetic mechanisms could be involved according to the site of origin. Recent epigenetic studies suggest the involvement of some tumor suppressor genes, including the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in testicular YST. No case has so far been described in setting of FAP. Hereby, we describe a case of extragonadal germ cell tumor arising in colectomy stump of a patient with FAP.
Long bone metastasis in cervical cancer is a rare presentation generally seen in the lumbar colum... more Long bone metastasis in cervical cancer is a rare presentation generally seen in the lumbar column or ribs. The reported rates of bone metastases are between 15%-29%. It is associated with poor prognosis. Bone scan and magnetic resonance imaging are useful techniques for diagnosis. In this case report, a 32-year old female with a previous history of cervical carcinoma FIGO stage IIIA presented with severe pain and swelling in her right humerus. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings were non-conclusive and suggestive of a lytic lesion. She was diagnosed with metastatic cervical cancer according to fine needle aspiration cytology. Fine needle aspiration cytology is considered an important means to confirm clinical suspicion of local recurrence or metastasis of a known cancer without subjecting the patient to further surgical intervention. Suspicious bone lesions, especially in the patient with a past history of cancer should be promptly investigated as they can represent evide...
IP Archives of Cytology and Histopathology Research, 2022
Urinary cytology functions as the primary screening and surveillance modality for the detection o... more Urinary cytology functions as the primary screening and surveillance modality for the detection of urothelial neoplasia. To determine the significance of urinary bladder wash cytology in predicting various grades of urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder along with their histological confirmation. The prospective study was conducted in Department of Pathology, PGIMS, Rohtak. A total of thirty-one urinary bladder washing samples (processed by Conventional method, Cytospin and Liquid based cytology) were taken prior to biopsy from clinically suspected patients of urinary bladder neoplasm. The cytological examination of bladder washings was reported according to The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology and Bladder biopsies were reported according to WHO/ISUP grading of Urothelial Tumors 2004. All the data were statistically analysed using SPSS version 20.0 software. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy among three techniques of processing bladder washings....
Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies with the... more Objectives: Acute leukemias (AL) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies with the presence of 20% or more blasts in the peripheral blood or bone marrow. Malignant cells display characteristic patterns of surface antigenic expression. Aberrant phenotypes are defined as patterns of antigen expression on neoplastic cells different from the process of normal hematopoietic maturation. We sought to evaluate the occurrence of aberrant phenotypes in newly diagnosed cases of AL. Methods: The study included 100 patients in whom both bone marrow aspiration and flow cytometry were performed. Patients with blasts > 20% of all ages were included in the study. Flow cytometric analysis was done using the monoclonal antibody panel of peripheral blood/bone marrow. Results: Out of 100 cases, 53 were categorized as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 43 as acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), and four cases of mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL). ALL were subcategorized based on immunophenoty...
Lymphoepithelial cysts are benign, slowly growing unilocular or multilocular lesions that appear ... more Lymphoepithelial cysts are benign, slowly growing unilocular or multilocular lesions that appear in the head and neck region. They are also called branchial cysts and occur due to lymphocyte induced cystic ductular dilatation. The confirmatory diagnosis is always made on histopathological examination after resection. A 29 years old female patient presented to ENT department, Pt B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak with a soft to firm, non-tender, swelling in the submandibular region since 2 -3 days and was referred to Department of Pathology for FNAC on which a differential diagnosis of infected epidermoid cyst or squamous cell carcinoma was made and excision biopsyfor confirmation and categorization was advised. The swelling was then excised and sent for histopathological examination and a final diagnosis of Lymphoepithelial cyst was made.The confirmatory diagnosis is always made postoperatively by histopathological examination. The treatment of a lymphoepithelial cyst is the surgical approa...
Archives of Clinical and Medical Case Reports, 2020
Esophageal Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECs) are rare and aggresive type of esophageal carcinoma wi... more Esophageal Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NECs) are rare and aggresive type of esophageal carcinoma with positive neuroendocrine markers. The esophageal NECs present most commonly with gastrointestinal symptoms such as dysphagia and/or abdominal discomfort. They have the potential for distant metastasis. In the present case series, all the patients present with symptoms of dysphagia and ulcerative growth pattern with positive neuroendocrine immunohistochemical markers.
Inflammatory pseudo-tumor of spleen, a benign reactive lesion of unknown etiology and pathogenesi... more Inflammatory pseudo-tumor of spleen, a benign reactive lesion of unknown etiology and pathogenesis, is extremely rare with isolated case reports in literature. These are usually misdiagnosed preoperatively, both clinically and radiologically; metastasis or lymphoproliferative disorders with pathological studies allow reliable diagnosis of the disease. We report the unusual occurrence of this lesion in the spleen.
Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Feb 17, 2015
Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GTBM) also known as serous atrophy is a degenerative chang... more Gelatinous bone marrow transformation (GTBM) also known as serous atrophy is a degenerative change in the hematopoietic bone marrow and is a rare well recognized pathological entity. It was earlier described mainly in association with anorexia nervosa and psychiatric eating disorders, but recently it has been reported in ulcerative colitis, tuberculosis, chronic renal diseases, immuno suppressed states (mainly HIV infection), malignancies and Kala azar. Treatment is based on treating the underlying disease. Our objective was to study the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diseases causing gelatinous transformation of bone marrow, at a tertiary center level. A prospective study was conducted on 732 samples of bone marrow aspirate with the aim of identifying gelatinous transformation in bone marrow aspirates which was confirmed by Alcian blue stain at pH 2.5. The presence of this material was correlated with the hematological profile of the patient, the presenting signs and symptoms and provisional clinical diagnosis at initial visit. Incidence of gelatinous transformation was calculated to be nearly 4.8 % and the condition was more common in males (23) as compared to females (12) (Male:Female = 2:1). Forty percent of the cases were seen in children followed by 37 % in adolescents and young adults. The older individuals comprised only 23 % of the cases. The bone marrow was hypocellular in 21 (60 %), normocellular in 10 (28.5 %) and hypercellular in four cases (11.5 %). Five cases with GTBM progressed to aplastic anaemia of which three were in children.
Background: Celiac disease (CD), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of small intestine that oc... more Background: Celiac disease (CD), is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of small intestine that occurs in genetically predisposed populations. It is characterized by permanent intolerance to wheat gliadins and other cereal prolamins. The epidemiology of CD has iceberg characteristics with more undiagnosed cases. The diagnosis of CD is currently based on both typical small bowel biopsy findings with clinical and serological parameters. Anemia secondary to iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 malabsorption is a common complication of celiac disease. Patients can also present with thrombocytosis, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, venous thromboembolism, hyposplenism and IgA deficiency. Aims: This study conducted with aims to study presenting complaints of suspected cases of celiac disease and further correlate endoscopic duodenal biopsies with various clinical and serological parameters. Materials and Methods: The detailed clinical history and physical examination was done and then duodenum bio...
Oncology, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Reports, 2015
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition that results in developme... more Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition that results in development of the large number of colorectal, and eventually, small intestinal or even gastric adenomas at an early age (late childhood to early adulthood). Extragonadal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) of the gastrointestinal tract are extremely rare neoplasms. Their greater rarity compared with other extragonadal YSTs suggests that different pathogenetic mechanisms could be involved according to the site of origin. Recent epigenetic studies suggest the involvement of some tumor suppressor genes, including the adenomatous polyposis coli gene in testicular YST. No case has so far been described in setting of FAP. Hereby, we describe a case of extragonadal germ cell tumor arising in colectomy stump of a patient with FAP.
Long bone metastasis in cervical cancer is a rare presentation generally seen in the lumbar colum... more Long bone metastasis in cervical cancer is a rare presentation generally seen in the lumbar column or ribs. The reported rates of bone metastases are between 15%-29%. It is associated with poor prognosis. Bone scan and magnetic resonance imaging are useful techniques for diagnosis. In this case report, a 32-year old female with a previous history of cervical carcinoma FIGO stage IIIA presented with severe pain and swelling in her right humerus. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings were non-conclusive and suggestive of a lytic lesion. She was diagnosed with metastatic cervical cancer according to fine needle aspiration cytology. Fine needle aspiration cytology is considered an important means to confirm clinical suspicion of local recurrence or metastasis of a known cancer without subjecting the patient to further surgical intervention. Suspicious bone lesions, especially in the patient with a past history of cancer should be promptly investigated as they can represent evide...
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