Papers by Slobodan Petar Rendic
Drug Metabolism Reviews, Nov 5, 2004
ABSTRACT Meeting Abstract: 337
Current Drug Metabolism, 2010
The present paper is an update of the data on the effects of diseases and environmental factors o... more The present paper is an update of the data on the effects of diseases and environmental factors on the expression and/or activity of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and transporters. The data are presented in tabular form (Tables 1 and 2) and are a continuation of previously published summaries on the effects of drugs and other chemicals on CYP enzymes. The collected information presented here is as stated by the cited author(s), and in cases when several references are cited the latest published information is included. Inconsistent results and conclusions obtained by different authors are highlighted, followed by discussion of the major findings. The searchable database is available as an Excel file, for information about file availability contact the corresponding author.
Archives of Toxicology, Jun 1, 2022
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compound... more This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, "general chemicals," natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10-15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
Drug Metabolism Reviews, Jul 3, 2018
Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metaboli... more Cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes have long been of interest due to their roles in the metabolism of drugs, pesticides, pro-carcinogens, and other xenobiotic chemicals. They have also been of interest due to their very critical roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids, vitamins, and certain eicosanoids. This review covers the 22 (of the total of 57) human P450s in Families 5-51 and their substrate selectivity. Also included is information and references regarding inducibility, inhibition, and (in some cases) stimulation by chemicals. We update and discuss important aspects of each of these 22 P450s and questions that remain open.
Current Drug Metabolism, 2010
Chemical Research in Toxicology, May 10, 2012
Considerable support exists for roles of metabolism in modulating the carcinogenic properties of ... more Considerable support exists for roles of metabolism in modulating the carcinogenic properties of chemicals. In particular, many of these compounds are procarcinogens that require activation to electrophilic forms to exert genotoxic effects. We systematically analyzed the existing literature on metabolism of carcinogens by human enzymes, which has been developed largely in the past 25 years. The metabolism and especially bioactivation of carcinogens are dominated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (66% of bioactivations). Within this group, six P450s-1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2E1, and 3A4-accounted for 77% of the P450 activation reactions. The roles of these P450s can be compared with those estimated for drug metabolism and should be considered in issues involving enzyme induction, chemoprevention, molecular epidemiology, inter-individual variations, and risk assessment.
Chemical Research in Toxicology, Dec 19, 2014
Analyzing the literature resources used in our previous reports, we calculated the fractions of t... more Analyzing the literature resources used in our previous reports, we calculated the fractions of the oxidoreductase enzymes FMO (microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase), AKR (aldo-keto reductase), MAO (monoamine oxidase), and cytochrome P450 participating in metabolic reactions. The calculations show that the fractions of P450s involved in the metabolism of all chemicals (general chemicals, natural, and physiological compounds, and drugs) are rather consistent in the findings that >90% of enzymatic reactions are catalyzed by P450s. Regarding drug metabolism, three-fourths of the human P450 reactions can be accounted for by a set of five P450s: 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4, and the largest fraction of the P450 reactions is catalyzed by P450 3A enzymes. P450 3A4 participation in metabolic reactions of drugs varied from 13% for general chemicals to 27% for drugs.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Apr 1, 1994
Binding of (+)- and (-)-isomers and the racemate of sodium 2[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-hexyl]-oxiran-2-... more Binding of (+)- and (-)-isomers and the racemate of sodium 2[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-hexyl]-oxiran-2-carboxylate dihydrat (etomoxir) to the human serum albumin (HSA) was studied by the gel filtration method. The experimental results are presented graphically using the method of Scatchard. Measurements revealed the following data on the binding: (a) for either of the isomers there are two independent and nonequivalent classes of binding sites on the HSA molecule; (b) the binding constants calculated for both isomers were of the same order of magnitude (K1/n approximately 20 x 10(5) L.mol-1 for the concentration range 3.48-4.0 x 10(-5) mol.L-1, and K2/n approximately 2 x 10(5) L.mol-1 for the concentration range 4.28-10 x 10(-5) mol.L-1, for the high and low affinity binding sites, respectively); (c) statistically significant difference (p < or = 0.05) between the low affinity binding constant estimated for the (+)-isomer K2 = 1.9 +/- 0.1 x 10(5) L.mol-1) compared with the constants evaluated for the (-)-isomer and racemic etomoxir (2.6 +/- 0.1 and 2.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(5) L.mol-1, respectively); and (d) both isomers are bound into a high extent to the HSA molecule (i.e., at a ligand concentration of 3.48 x 10(-5) mol.L-1, the percent of binding was approximately 95% for the compound tested. When plotting the percent binding (% Cb) against the total concentration (Ctot), a statistically significant difference (p < or = 0.05) was obtained between the slope of the straight line for the (+)-isomer and those for other two compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Current Drug Metabolism, Jun 1, 2012
The present paper is an update of data on the effects of ionizing radiation (γ-rays, X-rays, high... more The present paper is an update of data on the effects of ionizing radiation (γ-rays, X-rays, high energy UV, fast neutron) caused by environmental pollution or clinical treatments and the effects of non-ionizing radiation (low energy UV) on the expression and/or activity of drug metabolism (e.g., cytochrome P450,, glutathione transferase), enzymes involved in oxidative stress (e.g., peroxidases, catalase,, aconitase, superoxide dismutase), and transporters. The data are presented in tabular form (Tables 1-3) and are a continuation of previously published summaries on the effects of drugs and other chemicals on cytochrome P450 enzymes (
Chemischer Informationsdienst, Aug 27, 1974
Current Drug Metabolism, Dec 1, 2020
Background:In clinical practice chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are often co-administered with... more Background:In clinical practice chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are often co-administered with other drugs in the treatment of malaria, chronic inflammatory diseases, and COVID-19. Therefore, their metabolic properties and the effects on activity of cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes and drug transporters should be considered into when developing the most efficient treatments for patients.Methods:Scientific literature on the interactions of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, with human P450 enzymes and drug transporters was searched using PUBMED.Gov (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and the ADME database (https://life-science.kyushu.fujitsu.com/admedb/).Results:Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are metabolized by P450 1A2, 2C8, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4/5 in vitro and by P450s 2C8 and 3A4/5 in vivo by N-deethylation. Chloroquine effectively inhibited P450 2D6 in vitro; however, in vivo inhibition was not apparent except in individuals with limited P450 2D6 activity. Chloroquine is both an inhibitor and inducer of the transporter MRP1 and is also a substrate of the Mate and MRP1 transport systems. Hydroxychloroquine also inhibited P450 2D6 and the transporter OATP1A2.Conclusions:Chloroquine caused a statistically significant decrease of P450 2D6 activity in vitro and in vivo, inhibiting also its own metabolism by the enzyme. The inhibition indicates a potential for clinical drug-drug interactions when taken with other drugs that are predominant substrates of the P450 2D6. When chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are used clinically with other drugs, substrates of P450 2D6 enzyme, attention should be given to substrate specific metabolism by P450 2D6 alleles present in individuals taking the drugs.
European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jul 1, 1984
Cimetidine and ranitidine interact with microsomes from human and pig liver and with purified cyt... more Cimetidine and ranitidine interact with microsomes from human and pig liver and with purified cytochrome P-450 in the ligandtype manner. The affinity for cimetidine is about 10 times as high as that for ranitidine. Accordingly amplitudes of the specta are much higher for cimetidine. These results are in accordance with those obtained earlier with rat liver microsomes. The inhibitory potency of either compound with regard to dealkylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin appears to be less in the human preparation.
Xenobiotica, 1979
ABSTRACT
Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2002
This chapter is an update of the data on substrates, reactions, inducers, and inhibitors of human... more This chapter is an update of the data on substrates, reactions, inducers, and inhibitors of human CYP enzymes published previously by Rendic and DiCarlo (1), now covering selection of the literature through 2001 in the reference section. The data are presented in a tabular form (Table 1) to provide a framework for predicting and interpreting the new P450 metabolic data. The data are formatted in an Excel format as most suitable for off-line searching and management of the Web-database. The data are presented as stated by the author(s) and in the case when several references are cited the data are presented according to the latest published information. The searchable database is available either as an Excel file (for information contact the author), or as a Web-searchable database (Human P450 Metabolism Database, www.gentest.com) enabling the readers easy and quick approach to the latest updates on human CYP metabolic reactions.
Biochemical Pharmacology, Feb 1, 1988
Biological mass spectrometry, Apr 1, 1975
... S. RENDI~, L. KLASINC,? V. SUNJI~, F. KAJFEZ, V. KRAMER~ and P. MILDNER Compagnia di Ricerca ... more ... S. RENDI~, L. KLASINC,? V. SUNJI~, F. KAJFEZ, V. KRAMER~ and P. MILDNER Compagnia di Ricerca Chemica, Corso San Gottardo 35, CH-6830 Chiasso, Switzerland Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Yugoslavia (Received 22 January 1975) ...
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Papers by Slobodan Petar Rendic