Papers by Simarpreet Singh
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL HEALTH AND MEDICAL RESEARCH, 2020
Background: The present study was carried out in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan to find out the relati... more Background: The present study was carried out in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan to find out the relationship between prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis. Aims: To find out the association between dental fluorosis and dental caries among dental students of Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan. Methods and Material: The present cross sectional study consisted of a convenient sample of 469 students of Surendera Group of Institutions Sri Ganganagar. Clinical examination for dental fluorosis and dental caries using the index to ICMR fluorosis index 2013 and Decayed Missing Filled teeth index (DMFT) respectively. The statistical analysis was determined by the fisher exact test and Pearson correlation test was applied to test the correlation between dental caries and fluorosis & level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Severity of fluorosis among all the students where 42.2% students were Normal and 38.4%, 17.5% and 1.9% students having mild, moderate and severe fluorosis respectively. It showed that Prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher among students having no sign of fluorosis(36.9%) with comparison to those who were having moderate(6.6%) to severe fluorosis(0.4%). Conclusions: There is a need for community health activities and awareness programs to improve oral health of the people in this particular stratum of population.
Addiction & Health, 2018
Background Various studies have tested quality of life (QOL) among drug addicts, however very few... more Background Various studies have tested quality of life (QOL) among drug addicts, however very few have reported any association between oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) and mode of drug administration among drug addicts. Hence, the present study was conducted aiming to evaluate the impact of mode of administration of drugs on OHRQOL among drug addicts. Methods Data was collected using respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method among 313 male drug addicts in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India, using self-administered questionnaires on oral hygiene aids and drug addiction history. OHRQOL was recorded using Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. The chi-square test, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Findings In this study, 56.2% of the drug addicts reported practicing oral hygiene aids. The main drugs abused were heroin, cocaine, and amphetamines as 51.4%, 35.1%, and 13.4%, respectively. Most of the drug addicts were employed (82.4%...
Heat exchanger degradation is a nonperiodic non stationary process, which depends upon the variat... more Heat exchanger degradation is a nonperiodic non stationary process, which depends upon the variation of parameters w.r.t time. The measurements are associated with gross errors, if they are not properly handled, they may lead to erroneous estimation and prediction of heat exchanger performance. The objective of this paper is to pre-determine the fouling factor and cleanliness factor obtained in the heat exchangers to avoid the degradation and capital cost losses obtained during the heat exchanging process. The performance factor of heat exchangers degrades with time due to scaling or fouling factor. In this paper we have monitored, predicted and diagnosed heat exchanger performance.
Evolution in modifications for CO2 system configuration came across from the last two decades has... more Evolution in modifications for CO2 system configuration came across from the last two decades has proven to hold the potential in order to improve the overall performance of the CO2 cooling system for various applications. However, performance of the CO2 system at high ambient context is not promising and comparable with popular conventional refrigerants. Due to its unique properties, the CO2 system possesses substantial losses at high ambient temperature due to the throttling process. System configuration with parallel compressor is proven as the most popular and efficient configuration for high ambient temperature (up to 46 °C). In this study performance evaluation of a CO2 multi-ejector based supermarket cooling system of 33 kW cooling capacity with compressor configuration is experimentally evaluated at high ambient temperature (up to 46 °C). Test facility is equipped with two-phase multiejector resulting in pressure lift due to the expansion work recovery. Removed flashes in flash gas tank or separator after passing through two-phase ejector, are further compressed with the help of auxiliary compressor configured in parallel but with an additional possession of low compression ratio. High stability with high gascooler pressure and CO2 system consistency at high gascooler outlet temperature is observed. Maximum reduction in the AUX compressor energy consumption observed is 8% for 46 bar & 10.7% for 48 bar receiver pressure at 36 ºC gascooler outlet temperature. Also, the Exergy efficiency of the system observed is 0.315 corresponding to 3.2 PIR at 46 ºC gascooler outlet temperature.
In recent years, there is a rapid increase in the cooling demand. Hence, not only the consumption... more In recent years, there is a rapid increase in the cooling demand. Hence, not only the consumption of energy, but also the quantity of the refrigerants released into the air is increasing globally leading to planetary heating. Carbon dioxide (CO2, R744) is a natural refrigerant which is emerging as a potential replacement for HFCs and HCs nowadays because of its attractive properties. However, to avoid liquid entry into the compressor, conventional systems are designed and optimized to keep the exit part of the evaporator dry ensuring no liquid exits the evaporator. This requires superheating of the fluid which also contributes to internal irreversibility leading to lower COP. Hence, the liquid ejectors appeared as the potential option to improve the system COP, by facilitating complete use of the evaporator by avoiding superheating and securing a safe return of liquid refrigerant. This paper presents experimental results of a transcritical R744 system using a liquid ejector. Main ai...
International Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, 2014
Heat exchanger degradation is a non- periodic non stationary process, which depends upon the vari... more Heat exchanger degradation is a non- periodic non stationary process, which depends upon the variation of parameters w.r.t time. The measurements are associated with gross errors, if they are not properly handled, they may lead to erroneous estimation and prediction of heat exchanger performance. The objective of this paper is to predict the life of the heat exchanger while reaching to its threshold limit by the output factors like cleanliness factor and fouling factor. The performance factor of heat exchangers degrades with time due to scaling or fouling factor. In this paper we have monitored, predict the working life of the heat exchanger performance
Oncobiology and Targets, 2017
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, mainly because of the widespread... more Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world, mainly because of the widespread consumption of tobacco and related products. Early detection is very important in the management of oral cancer. However, when the lesion is detected in the oral cavity, it is at a much advanced stage for effective management, resulting in morbidity and mortality. A majority of deaths related to cancer are due in part to late diagnosis. In order to improve the clinical outcome of oral cancer, early detection is very important. One of the emerging technologies in the early detection of oral cancer is the use of noninvasive in vivo tissue imaging that captures the molecular changes at high resolution to improve the detection capability of oral cancer at an early stage.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2017
International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2017
Background: The gestation period presents unique stresses that challenges overall psychological a... more Background: The gestation period presents unique stresses that challenges overall psychological adaptation of a women. The present study is designed especially to focus on evaluating the effect of perceived stress on pregnant women and its effect on their oral health.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 18-30 years old, pregnant women in the Sri Ganganagar city. Prior to the clinical examination a questionnaire was used in order to collect the information which comprised of three parts and were completed through an interview. The first part comprised of demographics questionnaire, second part included oral hygiene questionnaire and third part was perceived Stress Scale. Descriptive analysis described demographics and socioeconomic characteristics. Multivariate analysis was used to describe the association between stress and various characteristics. Chi-square and Kruskal-wallis test was used to study the association of independent variables with level of stress.Resul...
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2017
Diagnostic imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance (MR) are vital to catching signs of di... more Diagnostic imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance (MR) are vital to catching signs of disease early and high quality diagnosis for treatment planning. However, some patients are unable to take advantage of its life saving capabilities. The procedures can be claustrophobic and the contraindications of MRI in patients having implants, pacemakers and also the risks associated with the use of cryogens, contrast agents etc. So this article provides an update on review on the bio effects and safety considerations for both patient and health practitioner with respect to the use of clinical MRI.
Journal of Advanced Medical and Dental Sciences Research, 2016
NTRODUCTION With the advancement in technology and medicine, the oral health care professionals h... more NTRODUCTION With the advancement in technology and medicine, the oral health care professionals have to attain holistic treatment approach towards the patients with complex medical problems. Among all the systemic disorders, diseases of the renal system pose a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. End stage renal disease is one of the most common problems associated with renal system and haemodialysis is the preferred treatment. 1 Haemodialysis is an artificial means of removing nitrogenous and other toxic products of metabolisms from the blood. The I ABSTRACT: Objective: Among all the systemic disorders, diseases of the renal system pose a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study aims to establish the multivariate relationship of socio demographic conditions, state of dental health, periodontal health among patients in relation to duration of hemodialysis (HD). Method: A cross-sectional study, using a self-administrated structured questionnaire was conducted among haemodialysis patients. A self-structured questionnaire in English language was designed to record the patient's sociodemographic data, duration of dialysis, smoking habit and tooth cleaning habits, medication history and other medical condition. Dental and periodontal status was also recorded. Results: A total of 133 patients were registered for the study. Of these patients, the one undergoing haemodialysis for less than 1 years were 53 whereas the one undergoing HD for 1-3 years and for more than 3 years were 47 and 33 respectively. The difference in mean values of the periodontal indices when compared among three groups were statistically significant. A higher prevalence of decayed teeth (p<0.001) and larger DMFT index (p<0.01) was found to be significantly correlated with duration of haemodialysis. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that subjects who were being treated with HD for more than 3 years had a poorer periodontal health and a higher DMFT index score, suggesting that the length of time on HD could negatively affect the oral health status of these individuals.
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2016
This paper presents a comparative study of performance of six prominent modifications on the basi... more This paper presents a comparative study of performance of six prominent modifications on the basic trans-critical CO 2 refrigeration system to investigate their suitability to high ambient temperature application (35-55°C). To explore the application in chiller, domestic refrigeration and air cooling the evaporator temperature chosen are À 10°C, 0°C and 10°C respectively. In general the cycle modifications have a positive effect on the overall COP of the system. However, to comprehend practicability of these modifications for three application areas, a few other parameters which affect design and operation are also included in the study. These are compressor discharge pressure and temperature, mass flow rate, interstage pressure for multi-stage operation and exergy destruction. Effect of real time constraints like approach temperature, pressure drop in gas cooler, compressors efficieny, degree of superheat, expanders efficiency and effectivenesss of intermediate heat exchanger are also incorporated. Interrelation between these parameters are brought out from the study.
Annals of Dental Research, Apr 29, 2014
High frequency radiosurgery is one of the most important and versatile tools in dentistry in pres... more High frequency radiosurgery is one of the most important and versatile tools in dentistry in present age. It can be used in various oral surgical procedures, and also useful in establishing hemostasis. Its main advantage over other modalities centers around a pressureless incision with minimal bleeding. Although off late there has been an increase in interest of dentists in radiosurgery leading to new radiography applications and equipment features, still the progress has been slow paced. Inadequate knowledge, and/ or presence of conflicting, and at times confusing, information on the post-operative wound healing could be one of the reasons for this slow progress. This article reviews the radiosurgery principles and the use of various radiosurgery applications in dentistry.
European Journal of Dentistry, 2014
Objective: This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and behavior among patien... more Objective: This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and behavior among patients visiting the out-patient department (OPD) of Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Rajpura. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 642 subjects who visited the OPD of Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital. A self-constructed questionnaire was given to each of the participant. Responses from the subjects were calculated in terms of numbers and percentages. Result: Three hundred six (48%) of the subjects had never visited a dentist before. 304 (47%) of the subjects still prefer other cleaning aids over toothbrush. 207 (32%) subjects were of the view that dental health has no effect on general health, whereas 219 (34%) subjects were of the opinion that tooth loss is a natural sequel of the aging process. Conclusion: There is a dearth of knowledge and careless attitude among people in regard to dental health. People need to be motivated and their concepts regar...
Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2012
To measure and assess the noise levels produced by various dental equipments in different areas o... more To measure and assess the noise levels produced by various dental equipments in different areas of a dental institution and to recommend improvements if noise levels are not within permissible limits. Sound levels were measured at three different areas of a dental institution where learning and teaching activities are organized. The sound level was measured using a sound level meter known as 'decibulolmeter'. In each area the noise level was assessed at two positions-one, at 6 inches from the operators ear and second, at the chairside instrument trolley. Noise levels were also assessed from a central location of the clinic area when multiple equipments were in operation simultaneously. Dental laboratory machine, dental hand-piece, ultrasonic scalers, amalgamators, high speed evacuation, and other items produce noise at different sound levels which is appreciable. The noise levels generated varied between 72.6 dB in pre-clinics and 87.2 dB in prosthesis laboratory. The result...
Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination, 2012
Dental caries, the disease that causes tooth decay, is infectious, and the mutans streptococci ba... more Dental caries, the disease that causes tooth decay, is infectious, and the mutans streptococci bacteria have long been identified as the primary disease-causing agents. Most treatments are now aimed at either elimination of this bacterium or suppression of its virulence. Thanks to numerous scientific advances, tooth decay is not as rampant as it once was, but it is still five times more common in children than asthma and seven times more common than hay fever. And about 25% of the population (in the United States) carries about 80% of the disease burden. So it is still a serious problem, especially for those populations who are very young, very old, economically disadvantaged, chronically ill, or institutionalized. Contemporary research is aimed at evolving a potent and effective caries vaccine to prevent dental caries. Various experimental trials have been conducted utilizing rat and primate models with protein antigens derived from S. mutans or S. sobrinus to prevent oral colonization by S. mutans and subsequent dental caries. Numerous strategies have been developed to induce high levels of salivary antibodies that can persist for prolonged periods and to establish immune memory by through different routes of administration. Therefore elimination of caries is the main objective of the health professionals. Still more clinical trials are needed to evaluate the safety of these vaccines so that potential risks are eliminated.
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 2014
Progress in health care technologies has enabled patients to be better informed about all aspects... more Progress in health care technologies has enabled patients to be better informed about all aspects of health care. Patients' informed consent is a legal regulation and a moral principle which represents patients' rights to take part in the clinical decisions concerning their treatment. With increasing awareness among the patients, the concept of informed consent is also evolving in developing countries like India. It is important for the medical and dental practitioners to have a written and signed informed consent from their patients before performing any invasive or irreversible procedures. Informed consent is also needed when providing medical care to children, foreign patients, and incorporating images of the patients while conducting medical and dental research. The present review addresses some of the vital issues regarding informed consent when providing medical and dental care with current review of the literature.
International Journal of Laser Dentistry, 2012
The laser technology offers a wide range of uses in dentistry with certain advantages to the gene... more The laser technology offers a wide range of uses in dentistry with certain advantages to the general dental practitioner like bloodless surgery, minimal postoperative pain, reduction of operative time and high patient acceptance. Patient acceptance has also been demonstrated in various studies. Despite these major advantages, safety regarding the use of lasers cannot be neglected. It has become an important concern in this modern era of dentistry because of the growing application of the technology. Potential hazards can be encountered while using lasers like the ocular hazards, tissue injury, inhaling the vapors emitted by the laser procedure, fire, explosion hazards, etc. The safe use of lasers should be ensured by the individuals who might be exposed either deliberately or accidently while using lasers. Effective measures should also be undertaken by clinicians and health professionals to minimize the injuries caused due to laser accidents. This article explores the risks involved in the use of lasers in dentistry and suggests some of the laser safety protocols/measures that can be established in the dental office for prevention of laser injuries.
Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie, 1978
The beginning of spinning process in Eri-silkworm is characterized by sharp fall in the levels of... more The beginning of spinning process in Eri-silkworm is characterized by sharp fall in the levels of glucose and trehalose in silkgland which gets completely decomposed after 6 days of spinning. Fatbody actively synthesizes trehalose during early days of spinning which results in enhanced level of this disaccharide in haemolymph. On the other hand, decreased glucose concentration of body fluid during early days of spinning is apparently because of its absorption by silkgland for its energetic needs.
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Papers by Simarpreet Singh