GIN parasite infections are a major disease problem in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is o... more GIN parasite infections are a major disease problem in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most economically important GIN parasites causing global production losses. Anthelmintic drugs are the commonly used control method for most parasitic infections. However, development of widespread resistance to most current anthelmintics suggests alternative controls are needed. Such strategies may include breeding parasite-resistant sheep and the development of effective vaccines. Currently these approaches are limited due to deficits in our understanding of host-parasite relationships. In this thesis research is described which examined the potential role of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to measure and better understand the complexity of the sheep immune response to H. contortus. The first question focused on whether cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to intradermal injections using distinct antigens (allergens and bacterial antigens) could predict worm resistance o...
Oxytetracycline (8 mg/kg body weight) was used for combating secondary infection in spotted deer ... more Oxytetracycline (8 mg/kg body weight) was used for combating secondary infection in spotted deer (Cervus axis) suffering from foot and mouth disease (FMD). The clinical signs of FMD affected spotted deer subsided within 96 hours of administration of oxytetracycline. There was an increased feed intake as measured by decreasing left-over feed. Treatment with oxytetracycline in spotted deer is suggested to check in case of FMD where possible secondary infection can be minimized.
Introduction All the eleven zoos of different types and status in Bangladesh, are playing their o... more Introduction All the eleven zoos of different types and status in Bangladesh, are playing their own role in conservation of wildlife as one of their main mandates to the nation. Prevailing conservation practices ultimately contribute a lot to the national biodiversity conservation efforts, but in a limited mode. Introduction of conservation education and research programmes could further expedite the scope of conservation of the rich heritage of biological diversity in Bangladesh. The enormous number of species and populations along with that of 10 million visitors per year has generated rethinking the scope and limitations of our capacity. The formulation of national guidelines for animal release using the IUCN Reintroduction Specialist Group Guidelines may lead to very concerted effort of all concerned and proactive wildlife organizations and institutions in Bangladesh to adopt more systematic practices. Zoos playing different roles aiding the higher goal of nature conservation de...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate blastomycosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases. Among them three animals were found suffering from blastomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology and spherical yeast cells with double contoured wall and broad base budding on special staining were used for the confirmation of blastomycosis in spotted deer (Cervus axis/Axis axis), nilgai (Boselaphustragocamelus) and horse (Equus...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate histoplasmosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo during 2007 - 2009. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases of mycotic and/or bacterial origin. Among them three animals were found suffering from histoplasmosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology; macrophages laden with histoplasma organisms on histopathology and on special staining were revealed histoplasmosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Present study provi...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Mac...
A total of 14 faecal samples were screened to determine the occurrence and intensity of intestina... more A total of 14 faecal samples were screened to determine the occurrence and intensity of intestinal helminth parasites in Asiatic lions kept at Dhaka Zoo, Bangladesh. The identified parasite eggs included cestode (Spirometra sp.) and nematodes (Toxascaris leonina, Hook worm and Strongyloides spp.). The overall incidence of parasitic infection was 92.9%, of which 78.6% (11/14) of the samples were positive for Spirometra sp., 57.1% (8/14) for Toxascaris leonina, 28.6% (4/14) for hookworm and 21.4% (3/14) for Strongyloides spp. This study emphasizes the need for the establishment of routine control programmes against helminthosis in zoo animals so as to safeguard the health of captive wild animals, and of humans working with and visiting these animals. Introduction Dhaka zoo located just besides Dhaka city, exhibiting the wild animals in natural settings using modern method of keeping many animal species in close proximity to one another. Under natural conditions, excessive infections o...
Zoological gardens display wild animals for aesthetic, recreational, educational and conservation... more Zoological gardens display wild animals for aesthetic, recreational, educational and conservation purposes (Varadharajan & Pythal 1999). One of their goals is to preserve rare and endangered species and in many parts of the world, parks and zoological gardens play an important role in species conservation (Parsani et al. 2001). In their natural habitat, wild animals have large areas available to them. Their exposure to parasitic infections is, therefore, fairly low and they have consequently a low genetic resistance against parasitic infections. When groups of these wild animals are kept in confined spaces in zoological gardens, the problem of parasitic infections can aggravate and pose a serious threat to the animals, occasionally causing sudden local fatalities (Muoria et al. 2005). The occurrence of parasites in animals housed in zoos varies according to the type of husbandry, parasite prophylaxis and type of parasitic treatment. Usually, captive animals in the zoo do not show alarming signs of parasitism if deworming is carried out regularly (Parsani et al. 2001). Zoological gardens however are often located near city centers, where space is limited and many captive animal species are housed in close proximity to each other. Because of these space limitations, animals in these facilities succumb more frequently to parasitic infections, which can pose a serious health threat (Hoberg et al. 2008). In addition in captivity animals are often under considerable stress, which further diminishes their resistance to parasitic infections.
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a p... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a public health point of view. This study was conducted to investigate coccidioidomycosis in captive animals at Dhaka Zoo. One hundred and two tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy of 36 animals of 25 species. Twenty five animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases, of which ten were identified as coccidioidomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions at necropsy, granulomatous lesions on histopathology and characteristic spores on special staining confirmed coccidioidomycosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), one horse (Equus caballus), one common langur (Presbytis entellus), one beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and one reticulated python (Python molurus). It is suggested that coccidioidomycosis in captive animals threatens human and animal health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, ...
Ten multiparous crossbred local Zebu cows were randomly divided into two nutritional groups (A an... more Ten multiparous crossbred local Zebu cows were randomly divided into two nutritional groups (A and B) to determine the effect of urea-molasses-mineral block supplementation on body weight gain, milk production, and onset of ovarian cyclicity after calving. Both groups had farm rations daily, but the supplemented group (B) was provided with an additional diet daily of 250 g urea-molasses-mineral block. The cows in group A required 80-120 days (98.0 +/- 6.7 days) until peak milk progesterone concentrations and 60-80 days (72.0 +/- 3.8 days) were required for group B (p<0.05). Group B needed a shorter period for expression of standing estrus (91-101 days; mean 96.2 +/- 2.3 days) than group A [130-153 (141.6 +/- 4.6) days; p<0.01]. For groups A and B, body weight gain was 8.4 +/- 3.4 kg and 18.4 +/- 3.2 kg, respectively (p<0.01). The average milk production of groups A and B were 3.3 +/- 1.0 and 4.8 +/- 1.6 L/day, respectively (p>0.05). There was linear improvement in milk yield from Day 60 postpartum up to Day 90 of lactation in group B (supplemented). However, in group A, milk production decreased starting on Day 40 after parturition.
GIN parasite infections are a major disease problem in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is o... more GIN parasite infections are a major disease problem in small ruminants. Haemonchus contortus is one of the most economically important GIN parasites causing global production losses. Anthelmintic drugs are the commonly used control method for most parasitic infections. However, development of widespread resistance to most current anthelmintics suggests alternative controls are needed. Such strategies may include breeding parasite-resistant sheep and the development of effective vaccines. Currently these approaches are limited due to deficits in our understanding of host-parasite relationships. In this thesis research is described which examined the potential role of cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to measure and better understand the complexity of the sheep immune response to H. contortus. The first question focused on whether cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to intradermal injections using distinct antigens (allergens and bacterial antigens) could predict worm resistance o...
Oxytetracycline (8 mg/kg body weight) was used for combating secondary infection in spotted deer ... more Oxytetracycline (8 mg/kg body weight) was used for combating secondary infection in spotted deer (Cervus axis) suffering from foot and mouth disease (FMD). The clinical signs of FMD affected spotted deer subsided within 96 hours of administration of oxytetracycline. There was an increased feed intake as measured by decreasing left-over feed. Treatment with oxytetracycline in spotted deer is suggested to check in case of FMD where possible secondary infection can be minimized.
Introduction All the eleven zoos of different types and status in Bangladesh, are playing their o... more Introduction All the eleven zoos of different types and status in Bangladesh, are playing their own role in conservation of wildlife as one of their main mandates to the nation. Prevailing conservation practices ultimately contribute a lot to the national biodiversity conservation efforts, but in a limited mode. Introduction of conservation education and research programmes could further expedite the scope of conservation of the rich heritage of biological diversity in Bangladesh. The enormous number of species and populations along with that of 10 million visitors per year has generated rethinking the scope and limitations of our capacity. The formulation of national guidelines for animal release using the IUCN Reintroduction Specialist Group Guidelines may lead to very concerted effort of all concerned and proactive wildlife organizations and institutions in Bangladesh to adopt more systematic practices. Zoos playing different roles aiding the higher goal of nature conservation de...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate blastomycosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases. Among them three animals were found suffering from blastomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology and spherical yeast cells with double contoured wall and broad base budding on special staining were used for the confirmation of blastomycosis in spotted deer (Cervus axis/Axis axis), nilgai (Boselaphustragocamelus) and horse (Equus...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate histoplasmosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two necropsied tissue samples preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy from 36 animals of 25 different species were collected from Dhaka Zoo during 2007 - 2009. Twenty five out of 36 study animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases of mycotic and/or bacterial origin. Among them three animals were found suffering from histoplasmosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions from necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores on histopathology; macrophages laden with histoplasma organisms on histopathology and on special staining were revealed histoplasmosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Present study provi...
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five milli... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animal heads of 184 species from significant genetic diversity and five million visitors influx round the year is placing it a public health important spot. This study was conducted to investigate cryptococcosis in animals at Dhaka Zoo to ascertain animal health, welfare and public health safety standard. One hundred and two opportunistic tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy for 36 animals of 25 different species from Dhaka Zoo during the study period. Twenty five among the study animals were found suffering from granulomatous diseases, of them nine cases were identified cryptococcosis first ever in Bangladesh. Clinical history, nodular lesions on necropsy findings, granulomatous reactions with fungal spores & both Langhangs & foreign body giant cells on histopathology and characteristic spores with wide gelatinous band around endospores on special staining revealed cryptococcosis in eight rhesus macaques (Mac...
A total of 14 faecal samples were screened to determine the occurrence and intensity of intestina... more A total of 14 faecal samples were screened to determine the occurrence and intensity of intestinal helminth parasites in Asiatic lions kept at Dhaka Zoo, Bangladesh. The identified parasite eggs included cestode (Spirometra sp.) and nematodes (Toxascaris leonina, Hook worm and Strongyloides spp.). The overall incidence of parasitic infection was 92.9%, of which 78.6% (11/14) of the samples were positive for Spirometra sp., 57.1% (8/14) for Toxascaris leonina, 28.6% (4/14) for hookworm and 21.4% (3/14) for Strongyloides spp. This study emphasizes the need for the establishment of routine control programmes against helminthosis in zoo animals so as to safeguard the health of captive wild animals, and of humans working with and visiting these animals. Introduction Dhaka zoo located just besides Dhaka city, exhibiting the wild animals in natural settings using modern method of keeping many animal species in close proximity to one another. Under natural conditions, excessive infections o...
Zoological gardens display wild animals for aesthetic, recreational, educational and conservation... more Zoological gardens display wild animals for aesthetic, recreational, educational and conservation purposes (Varadharajan & Pythal 1999). One of their goals is to preserve rare and endangered species and in many parts of the world, parks and zoological gardens play an important role in species conservation (Parsani et al. 2001). In their natural habitat, wild animals have large areas available to them. Their exposure to parasitic infections is, therefore, fairly low and they have consequently a low genetic resistance against parasitic infections. When groups of these wild animals are kept in confined spaces in zoological gardens, the problem of parasitic infections can aggravate and pose a serious threat to the animals, occasionally causing sudden local fatalities (Muoria et al. 2005). The occurrence of parasites in animals housed in zoos varies according to the type of husbandry, parasite prophylaxis and type of parasitic treatment. Usually, captive animals in the zoo do not show alarming signs of parasitism if deworming is carried out regularly (Parsani et al. 2001). Zoological gardens however are often located near city centers, where space is limited and many captive animal species are housed in close proximity to each other. Because of these space limitations, animals in these facilities succumb more frequently to parasitic infections, which can pose a serious health threat (Hoberg et al. 2008). In addition in captivity animals are often under considerable stress, which further diminishes their resistance to parasitic infections.
Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a p... more Dhaka Zoo with 2000 animals of 184 species and five million visitors a year is important from a public health point of view. This study was conducted to investigate coccidioidomycosis in captive animals at Dhaka Zoo. One hundred and two tissue samples were collected and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin at necropsy of 36 animals of 25 species. Twenty five animals were suffering from granulomatous diseases, of which ten were identified as coccidioidomycosis. Clinical history, nodular lesions at necropsy, granulomatous lesions on histopathology and characteristic spores on special staining confirmed coccidioidomycosis in six rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), one horse (Equus caballus), one common langur (Presbytis entellus), one beisa oryx (Oryx beisa beisa) and one reticulated python (Python molurus). It is suggested that coccidioidomycosis in captive animals threatens human and animal health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v30i2.18255 Bangl. vet. 2013. Vol. 30, No. 2, ...
Ten multiparous crossbred local Zebu cows were randomly divided into two nutritional groups (A an... more Ten multiparous crossbred local Zebu cows were randomly divided into two nutritional groups (A and B) to determine the effect of urea-molasses-mineral block supplementation on body weight gain, milk production, and onset of ovarian cyclicity after calving. Both groups had farm rations daily, but the supplemented group (B) was provided with an additional diet daily of 250 g urea-molasses-mineral block. The cows in group A required 80-120 days (98.0 +/- 6.7 days) until peak milk progesterone concentrations and 60-80 days (72.0 +/- 3.8 days) were required for group B (p<0.05). Group B needed a shorter period for expression of standing estrus (91-101 days; mean 96.2 +/- 2.3 days) than group A [130-153 (141.6 +/- 4.6) days; p<0.01]. For groups A and B, body weight gain was 8.4 +/- 3.4 kg and 18.4 +/- 3.2 kg, respectively (p<0.01). The average milk production of groups A and B were 3.3 +/- 1.0 and 4.8 +/- 1.6 L/day, respectively (p>0.05). There was linear improvement in milk yield from Day 60 postpartum up to Day 90 of lactation in group B (supplemented). However, in group A, milk production decreased starting on Day 40 after parturition.
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