Alpes (UGA) a été développée au printemps 2022. Cet espace vient compléter les collections botani... more Alpes (UGA) a été développée au printemps 2022. Cet espace vient compléter les collections botaniques du jardin Dominique Villars de l'université, parc botanique nommé en hommage à cet influent médecin et botaniste de la fin du XVIII e siècle (Villars, 1786-1789), illustrant la collaboration entre les facultés de médecine et de pharmacie. La figure ci-dessous détaille l'aménagement global du jardin botanique Dominique Villars au coeur du secteur santé de l'université. 2 Ce jardin japonais vient mettre en lumière le récent partenariat académique développé entre l'UGA et l'université de pharmacie de Yokohama au Japon. Cette dernière dispose d'un département dédié à l'enseignement et aux recherches sur les plantes médicinales japonaises, issues de la médecine kampo (漢方). Cette médecine traditionnelle utilisant des plantes est au Japon une interprétation des médecines traditionnelles chinoises importées à partir du VI e siècle : le mot kampo pouvant se traduire par « méthode de soin selon les Han ». L'idée de la création d'un jardin japonais botanique et médicinal s'est ainsi construite autour de cette thématique de soin par les plantes et avec la volonté de favoriser l'enseignement des connaissances s'y rapportant.
The property of 809 strains of micromycetes to grow in the presence of phenol (0.5 g/l) was inves... more The property of 809 strains of micromycetes to grow in the presence of phenol (0.5 g/l) was investigated on solid media. Toxicity was determined on malt extract agar medium. Growth of the fungal strains on synthetic solid medium with phenol as the sole carbon source allowed evaluation of phenol consumption. Only 61 strains (8% of the whole) grew well under both conditions, which reflects the toxicity of 0.5 g/l of phenol upon micromycetes. Finally, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen and cultivated in liquid synthetic medium at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C with phenol (0.5 g/l). It consumed phenol fast and efficiently. Growth temperature was a key parameter. Catechol, cis-cis-muconic acid and beta-keto-adipate were characterized and quantified.
A lactone (6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one) was isolated from a new Drechslera sp. 1H an... more A lactone (6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one) was isolated from a new Drechslera sp. 1H and 13C NMR assignments, not previously specified, are published. No mutagenic activity on Ames/Salmonella test (strains TA98 and TA100 has been observed. Results on the respiratory metabolism of J774.1 murine macrophage indicate that the lactone might exhibit immunomodulating activity as a function of time of cellular contact and of concentration.
Gliotoxin, isolated from the funguns Dichotomomyces cejpii, is shown to exhibit uncommon coupling... more Gliotoxin, isolated from the funguns Dichotomomyces cejpii, is shown to exhibit uncommon couplings that are temperature- and solvent-dependent. Furthermore, previously reported 1 H- and 13 C-nmr assignments are corrected
The toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of Aspergillus or Penicillium g... more The toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of Aspergillus or Penicillium genera Is now well documented. Its nephrotoxicity, Immunosuppression, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity have been widely studied. Physical and biochemical methods have been studied to prevent these toxlnogenlc Aspergillus and Penicillium from producing OTA,and/or to destroy the mycotoxin when already produced In a liquid or a solid medium. Repeated freezing at-20• C and thawing at + 26• C aleatory reduce OTA production In a liquid medium. Exposure to UV B for different periods of time Is efficient In preventing OTA production In a liquid medium. Gamma-Irradiation from 2 to 5 kGy gives good results In preventing the production of OTAor destroying It when already produced. Carboxypeptidase Is very efficient at 5 units/50 ml In a liquid medium for cleaving the OTA already produced.
Micromycetes were isolated from PAHS-contaminated sediment and identi®ed. They were investigated ... more Micromycetes were isolated from PAHS-contaminated sediment and identi®ed. They were investigated for pyrene degradation (10 mg l À1) in liquid synthetic medium for two days. Among the 41 strains isolated, 10 highly degraded pyrene (>2.4 mg g À1 dry weight): two Zygomycetes (Mucor racemosus, M. racemosus var. sphaerosporus), 6 Deuteromycetes (Gliocladium virens, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. janthinellum, Phialophora alba, P. homannii, Trichoderma harzianum), a Dematiaceae (Scopulariopsis brumptii) and a Sphaeropsidale (Coniothyrium fuckelii). Zygomycetes appeared as one of the most ecient taxonomic groups, especially with Mucor racemosus. Penicillium crustosum was the only strain that did not degrade pyrene. Among the 10 fungi which were performant for pyrene degradation, nine were not yet reported in the literature and showed a real value for PAH remediation.
Unsubstituted anthraquinone, 4 substituted anthraquinones (emodin, danthron, physcion, a new comp... more Unsubstituted anthraquinone, 4 substituted anthraquinones (emodin, danthron, physcion, a new compound M-108-C) and 3 dimers (skyrin, rugulosin, rugulin) were tested using the Ames/Salmonella assay (strains TA98, TA100, TA1537 and TA102). Danthron and emodin were found to be mutagenic for TA1537 with or without metabolic activation, physcion only with metabolic activation. A significant difference was found between the mutagenic activities of emodin (16.2 His+/nmole) and danthron (6.5 His+/nmole) as well as a high specific mutagenic activity for physcion (11.6 His+/nmole). These results on structure-mutagenic activity relationships suggest that the 6-methyl group plays an important role in the mutagenic activity after metabolic activation. Furthermore, and contrary to emodin, physcion exhibited a weak mutagenic activity for TA102, probably due to the formation of a different metabolite. Such information is necessary to evaluate the potential carcinogenic hazard of these compounds.
The effects of patulin and T-2 toxin were investigated on immunological responses of Balb/c mice.... more The effects of patulin and T-2 toxin were investigated on immunological responses of Balb/c mice. In vitro patulin had a stimulatory effect on splenocytes at lower concentration (1 nM to 10 nM) and strongly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation at higher concentrations (ID50 from 0.02 to 0.24 microM depending on mitogens). In the same experiments T-2 toxin was 100-fold more potent (ID50 from 0.7 to 2 nM). In vivo studies on immunity were performed in mice receiving Bordetella pertussis antigens and keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Patulin significantly reduced delayed type hypersensitivity to B. pertussis antigen and did not reduce anti-KLH antibody production. T-2 toxin had no effect on delayed type hypersensitivity and reduced anti-KLH antibody production. Splenocytes were harvested in mice with or without antigen stimulation to assess mitogenic responses. Patulin generally increased splenocyte proliferation, therefore T-2 toxin effect depended on the immunological status of mice and on t...
A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the anti-tumoral activity of patulin and patulin-cystei... more A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the anti-tumoral activity of patulin and patulin-cysteine adducts has been conducted. In vitro assays using L 1210 and P 388 cells showed that patulin-cysteine adducts had less cytotoxic activity than patulin (IC50 was 4 fold of IC50 patulin). In vivo, cysteine not only reduced the toxicity of patulin but also reduced its antitumoral activity against L 1210 and P 388 mouse leukemias (respectively of 25.7% and 46.6% with 3 mg.kg-1.d-1). By addition on patulin at the 4 or 7 position, cysteine might interfere with the lactone function and the -CH2- in in position 6 which are responsible for the antitumoral activity.
A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the antitumor activity of patulin and five structural a... more A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the antitumor activity of patulin and five structural analogs (isopatulin, dehydroisopatulin, dimethylisopatulin, trimethylisopatulin and isopropylisopatulin) has been established. In vitro assays using L 1210 and P 388 cells showed that the structure of the pyranic ring as well as the nature of the substituents influenced the observed activities. Among the five structural analogs of patulin assayed in vivo against Ehrlich carcinoma, L 1210 and P 388 leukemias, dehydroisopatulin was the only one to be active on all 3 types of tumors at a dose of 100 mg.kg-1.d-1. The ratio between the LD50 in mice and the active dose was 5 while with patulin it was 10. It can be assumed that the lactone function is not solely responsible for the activity of patulin and its structural analogs.
A selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic com... more A selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated lor fluoranthene degradation. Toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid medium MEA, have not shown any toxicity of fluoranthene (1-100 mg.L-1) towards fungi. Whereas, consumption assays on a solid synthetic medium ,howed a toxicity at 100 mg.L-1. The degradation of fluoranthene (10 mg.L-1) was then investigated in a liquid synthetic medium for 4 days and evaluated by HPLC. Among the 39 strains tested. 18 degraded fluoranthene at 60% or more. Zygomycetes appeared to be the most efficient group (mean degradation : 9091). Among 18 performant strains, 10 had not yet been reported in the literature : Sporormiella australi.v, Cryptococcus albidus, Cicinobolus cesatii, Pestalotia pahnarum, Beauveria alba, Ast~ergilhts terreu,~. Cmminghamella blakesleeana, C. echinulata, Mortierella ramanniana and Rhi.-rOl)US arrhizus. Fluoranthene adsorption on fungi was very low for the strains which degraded well 11uoranthene (mean adsorption : 4~7~). Whereas. some strains adsorbed it much more such as Colletotrichum dematium (47%) and Penicil/ium ila/icum (43%).
Eighteen fungal strains were tested in toxicity assays with surfactants in order to select surfac... more Eighteen fungal strains were tested in toxicity assays with surfactants in order to select surfactants and strains tolerant to surfactants for degradation assays. Two nonionic surfactants were used, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, Triton X-100, a sorbitan ester, Tween 80 and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Solubilization and biodegradation tests were conducted in liquid medium batch; fluorene was quantified by HPLC. Results showed the enhancement of fluorene solubilization by the three surfactants, good tolerance of nonionic surfactants by the fungal strains and the enhancement of the biodegradation of fluorene by Doratomyces stemonitis (46-62%) and Penicillium chrysogenum (28-61%) in the presence of Tween 80 (0.324 mM) after 2 days.
As a means to study the fate of PAHs in freshwater sediments, pyrene mineralization was examined ... more As a means to study the fate of PAHs in freshwater sediments, pyrene mineralization was examined in microcosms spiked with 14 C-pyrene. Some microcosms were planted with reeds (Phragmites australis) and/or inoculated with a pyrene-degrading strain, Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1. Mineralization rates recorded over a 61-d period showed that reeds promoted a significant enhancement of pyrene degradation, which possibly resulted from a root-mediated increase of oxygen diffusion into the sediment layer, as indicated by in situ redox measurements. In inoculated microcosms, mineralization reached a higher level in the absence (8.8%) than in the presence of plants (4.4%). Mineralization activity was accompanied by the release of water-soluble pyrene oxidation products, the most abundant of which was identified as 4,5-diphenanthroic acid. Pyrene was recovered from plant tissues, including stems and leaves, at concentrations ranging between 40 and 240µg/g dry weight. Plants also accumulated labeled oxidation products likely derived from microbial degradation. Pyrenedegrading strains were 35-70 fold more abundant in inoculated than in non-inoculated microcosms. Most of the pyrene-degrading isolates selected from the indigenous microflora, were identified as M. austroafricanum strains. Taken together, the results of this study show that plants or PAH-degrading bacteria enhance pollutant removal, but their effects are not necessarily cumulative.
Le miel est élaboré par l abeille à partir de nectar de fleurs ou de miellat. Sa composition vari... more Le miel est élaboré par l abeille à partir de nectar de fleurs ou de miellat. Sa composition variable dépend de divers facteurs comme le climat, la flore, les conditions de miellée et de récolte. Ce produit de la ruche possède des propriétés intéressantes, notamment antibiotiques, anti-inflammatoires, anti-oxydantes, digestives, anti-anémiques et cicatrisantes. L apithérapie est l utilisation des produits de la ruche à des fins thérapeutiques et s appuie sur un certain nombre d études scientifiques réalisées depuis plus de trente ans. Le miel peut entrer dans nombreux conseils officinaux dans le cadre de troubles ORL, digestifs, hépatiques, dermatologiques, cardiaques, rhumatologiques et endocriniens. Il est également employé dans certains hôpitaux comme à Limoges où a été mis en exergue les avantages thérapeutiques et économiques de ce type de traitement. L usage thérapeutique du miel peut également être étendu aux pays émergents dans le cadre de projets humanitaires d apithérapie ...
Alpes (UGA) a été développée au printemps 2022. Cet espace vient compléter les collections botani... more Alpes (UGA) a été développée au printemps 2022. Cet espace vient compléter les collections botaniques du jardin Dominique Villars de l'université, parc botanique nommé en hommage à cet influent médecin et botaniste de la fin du XVIII e siècle (Villars, 1786-1789), illustrant la collaboration entre les facultés de médecine et de pharmacie. La figure ci-dessous détaille l'aménagement global du jardin botanique Dominique Villars au coeur du secteur santé de l'université. 2 Ce jardin japonais vient mettre en lumière le récent partenariat académique développé entre l'UGA et l'université de pharmacie de Yokohama au Japon. Cette dernière dispose d'un département dédié à l'enseignement et aux recherches sur les plantes médicinales japonaises, issues de la médecine kampo (漢方). Cette médecine traditionnelle utilisant des plantes est au Japon une interprétation des médecines traditionnelles chinoises importées à partir du VI e siècle : le mot kampo pouvant se traduire par « méthode de soin selon les Han ». L'idée de la création d'un jardin japonais botanique et médicinal s'est ainsi construite autour de cette thématique de soin par les plantes et avec la volonté de favoriser l'enseignement des connaissances s'y rapportant.
The property of 809 strains of micromycetes to grow in the presence of phenol (0.5 g/l) was inves... more The property of 809 strains of micromycetes to grow in the presence of phenol (0.5 g/l) was investigated on solid media. Toxicity was determined on malt extract agar medium. Growth of the fungal strains on synthetic solid medium with phenol as the sole carbon source allowed evaluation of phenol consumption. Only 61 strains (8% of the whole) grew well under both conditions, which reflects the toxicity of 0.5 g/l of phenol upon micromycetes. Finally, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen and cultivated in liquid synthetic medium at 24 degrees C and 37 degrees C with phenol (0.5 g/l). It consumed phenol fast and efficiently. Growth temperature was a key parameter. Catechol, cis-cis-muconic acid and beta-keto-adipate were characterized and quantified.
A lactone (6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one) was isolated from a new Drechslera sp. 1H an... more A lactone (6-allyl-5,6-dihydro-5-hydroxypyran-2-one) was isolated from a new Drechslera sp. 1H and 13C NMR assignments, not previously specified, are published. No mutagenic activity on Ames/Salmonella test (strains TA98 and TA100 has been observed. Results on the respiratory metabolism of J774.1 murine macrophage indicate that the lactone might exhibit immunomodulating activity as a function of time of cellular contact and of concentration.
Gliotoxin, isolated from the funguns Dichotomomyces cejpii, is shown to exhibit uncommon coupling... more Gliotoxin, isolated from the funguns Dichotomomyces cejpii, is shown to exhibit uncommon couplings that are temperature- and solvent-dependent. Furthermore, previously reported 1 H- and 13 C-nmr assignments are corrected
The toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of Aspergillus or Penicillium g... more The toxicity of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin produced by fungi of Aspergillus or Penicillium genera Is now well documented. Its nephrotoxicity, Immunosuppression, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity have been widely studied. Physical and biochemical methods have been studied to prevent these toxlnogenlc Aspergillus and Penicillium from producing OTA,and/or to destroy the mycotoxin when already produced In a liquid or a solid medium. Repeated freezing at-20• C and thawing at + 26• C aleatory reduce OTA production In a liquid medium. Exposure to UV B for different periods of time Is efficient In preventing OTA production In a liquid medium. Gamma-Irradiation from 2 to 5 kGy gives good results In preventing the production of OTAor destroying It when already produced. Carboxypeptidase Is very efficient at 5 units/50 ml In a liquid medium for cleaving the OTA already produced.
Micromycetes were isolated from PAHS-contaminated sediment and identi®ed. They were investigated ... more Micromycetes were isolated from PAHS-contaminated sediment and identi®ed. They were investigated for pyrene degradation (10 mg l À1) in liquid synthetic medium for two days. Among the 41 strains isolated, 10 highly degraded pyrene (>2.4 mg g À1 dry weight): two Zygomycetes (Mucor racemosus, M. racemosus var. sphaerosporus), 6 Deuteromycetes (Gliocladium virens, Penicillium simplicissimum, P. janthinellum, Phialophora alba, P. homannii, Trichoderma harzianum), a Dematiaceae (Scopulariopsis brumptii) and a Sphaeropsidale (Coniothyrium fuckelii). Zygomycetes appeared as one of the most ecient taxonomic groups, especially with Mucor racemosus. Penicillium crustosum was the only strain that did not degrade pyrene. Among the 10 fungi which were performant for pyrene degradation, nine were not yet reported in the literature and showed a real value for PAH remediation.
Unsubstituted anthraquinone, 4 substituted anthraquinones (emodin, danthron, physcion, a new comp... more Unsubstituted anthraquinone, 4 substituted anthraquinones (emodin, danthron, physcion, a new compound M-108-C) and 3 dimers (skyrin, rugulosin, rugulin) were tested using the Ames/Salmonella assay (strains TA98, TA100, TA1537 and TA102). Danthron and emodin were found to be mutagenic for TA1537 with or without metabolic activation, physcion only with metabolic activation. A significant difference was found between the mutagenic activities of emodin (16.2 His+/nmole) and danthron (6.5 His+/nmole) as well as a high specific mutagenic activity for physcion (11.6 His+/nmole). These results on structure-mutagenic activity relationships suggest that the 6-methyl group plays an important role in the mutagenic activity after metabolic activation. Furthermore, and contrary to emodin, physcion exhibited a weak mutagenic activity for TA102, probably due to the formation of a different metabolite. Such information is necessary to evaluate the potential carcinogenic hazard of these compounds.
The effects of patulin and T-2 toxin were investigated on immunological responses of Balb/c mice.... more The effects of patulin and T-2 toxin were investigated on immunological responses of Balb/c mice. In vitro patulin had a stimulatory effect on splenocytes at lower concentration (1 nM to 10 nM) and strongly inhibited lymphocyte proliferation at higher concentrations (ID50 from 0.02 to 0.24 microM depending on mitogens). In the same experiments T-2 toxin was 100-fold more potent (ID50 from 0.7 to 2 nM). In vivo studies on immunity were performed in mice receiving Bordetella pertussis antigens and keyhole limpet haemocyanin. Patulin significantly reduced delayed type hypersensitivity to B. pertussis antigen and did not reduce anti-KLH antibody production. T-2 toxin had no effect on delayed type hypersensitivity and reduced anti-KLH antibody production. Splenocytes were harvested in mice with or without antigen stimulation to assess mitogenic responses. Patulin generally increased splenocyte proliferation, therefore T-2 toxin effect depended on the immunological status of mice and on t...
A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the anti-tumoral activity of patulin and patulin-cystei... more A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the anti-tumoral activity of patulin and patulin-cysteine adducts has been conducted. In vitro assays using L 1210 and P 388 cells showed that patulin-cysteine adducts had less cytotoxic activity than patulin (IC50 was 4 fold of IC50 patulin). In vivo, cysteine not only reduced the toxicity of patulin but also reduced its antitumoral activity against L 1210 and P 388 mouse leukemias (respectively of 25.7% and 46.6% with 3 mg.kg-1.d-1). By addition on patulin at the 4 or 7 position, cysteine might interfere with the lactone function and the -CH2- in in position 6 which are responsible for the antitumoral activity.
A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the antitumor activity of patulin and five structural a... more A comparison between the cytotoxicity and the antitumor activity of patulin and five structural analogs (isopatulin, dehydroisopatulin, dimethylisopatulin, trimethylisopatulin and isopropylisopatulin) has been established. In vitro assays using L 1210 and P 388 cells showed that the structure of the pyranic ring as well as the nature of the substituents influenced the observed activities. Among the five structural analogs of patulin assayed in vivo against Ehrlich carcinoma, L 1210 and P 388 leukemias, dehydroisopatulin was the only one to be active on all 3 types of tumors at a dose of 100 mg.kg-1.d-1. The ratio between the LD50 in mice and the active dose was 5 while with patulin it was 10. It can be assumed that the lactone function is not solely responsible for the activity of patulin and its structural analogs.
A selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic com... more A selection of 39 strains of micromycetes known as good degraders of polychlorinated aromatic compounds, mostly isolated from soil and belonging to various taxonomic groups, have been investigated lor fluoranthene degradation. Toxicity assays, first evaluated on solid medium MEA, have not shown any toxicity of fluoranthene (1-100 mg.L-1) towards fungi. Whereas, consumption assays on a solid synthetic medium ,howed a toxicity at 100 mg.L-1. The degradation of fluoranthene (10 mg.L-1) was then investigated in a liquid synthetic medium for 4 days and evaluated by HPLC. Among the 39 strains tested. 18 degraded fluoranthene at 60% or more. Zygomycetes appeared to be the most efficient group (mean degradation : 9091). Among 18 performant strains, 10 had not yet been reported in the literature : Sporormiella australi.v, Cryptococcus albidus, Cicinobolus cesatii, Pestalotia pahnarum, Beauveria alba, Ast~ergilhts terreu,~. Cmminghamella blakesleeana, C. echinulata, Mortierella ramanniana and Rhi.-rOl)US arrhizus. Fluoranthene adsorption on fungi was very low for the strains which degraded well 11uoranthene (mean adsorption : 4~7~). Whereas. some strains adsorbed it much more such as Colletotrichum dematium (47%) and Penicil/ium ila/icum (43%).
Eighteen fungal strains were tested in toxicity assays with surfactants in order to select surfac... more Eighteen fungal strains were tested in toxicity assays with surfactants in order to select surfactants and strains tolerant to surfactants for degradation assays. Two nonionic surfactants were used, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, Triton X-100, a sorbitan ester, Tween 80 and an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Solubilization and biodegradation tests were conducted in liquid medium batch; fluorene was quantified by HPLC. Results showed the enhancement of fluorene solubilization by the three surfactants, good tolerance of nonionic surfactants by the fungal strains and the enhancement of the biodegradation of fluorene by Doratomyces stemonitis (46-62%) and Penicillium chrysogenum (28-61%) in the presence of Tween 80 (0.324 mM) after 2 days.
As a means to study the fate of PAHs in freshwater sediments, pyrene mineralization was examined ... more As a means to study the fate of PAHs in freshwater sediments, pyrene mineralization was examined in microcosms spiked with 14 C-pyrene. Some microcosms were planted with reeds (Phragmites australis) and/or inoculated with a pyrene-degrading strain, Mycobacterium sp. 6PY1. Mineralization rates recorded over a 61-d period showed that reeds promoted a significant enhancement of pyrene degradation, which possibly resulted from a root-mediated increase of oxygen diffusion into the sediment layer, as indicated by in situ redox measurements. In inoculated microcosms, mineralization reached a higher level in the absence (8.8%) than in the presence of plants (4.4%). Mineralization activity was accompanied by the release of water-soluble pyrene oxidation products, the most abundant of which was identified as 4,5-diphenanthroic acid. Pyrene was recovered from plant tissues, including stems and leaves, at concentrations ranging between 40 and 240µg/g dry weight. Plants also accumulated labeled oxidation products likely derived from microbial degradation. Pyrenedegrading strains were 35-70 fold more abundant in inoculated than in non-inoculated microcosms. Most of the pyrene-degrading isolates selected from the indigenous microflora, were identified as M. austroafricanum strains. Taken together, the results of this study show that plants or PAH-degrading bacteria enhance pollutant removal, but their effects are not necessarily cumulative.
Le miel est élaboré par l abeille à partir de nectar de fleurs ou de miellat. Sa composition vari... more Le miel est élaboré par l abeille à partir de nectar de fleurs ou de miellat. Sa composition variable dépend de divers facteurs comme le climat, la flore, les conditions de miellée et de récolte. Ce produit de la ruche possède des propriétés intéressantes, notamment antibiotiques, anti-inflammatoires, anti-oxydantes, digestives, anti-anémiques et cicatrisantes. L apithérapie est l utilisation des produits de la ruche à des fins thérapeutiques et s appuie sur un certain nombre d études scientifiques réalisées depuis plus de trente ans. Le miel peut entrer dans nombreux conseils officinaux dans le cadre de troubles ORL, digestifs, hépatiques, dermatologiques, cardiaques, rhumatologiques et endocriniens. Il est également employé dans certains hôpitaux comme à Limoges où a été mis en exergue les avantages thérapeutiques et économiques de ce type de traitement. L usage thérapeutique du miel peut également être étendu aux pays émergents dans le cadre de projets humanitaires d apithérapie ...
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