The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study, or LA100, revealed that although all communities in ... more The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study, or LA100, revealed that although all communities in Los Angeles will share in the air quality and public health benefits of the clean energy transition, increasing equity in participation and outcomes will require intentionally designed policies and programs. The LA100 Equity Strategies project was specifically designed to help Los Angeles identify pathways to such policies and programs in the form of equity strategies. The project aimed to do this by incorporating research and analysis to chart a course toward specific, community-prioritized, and equitable outcomes from the clean energy transition outlined in the LA100 study.
The City of Los Angeles (LA) set an ambitious goal to achieve 100% carbon-free energy by 2035. Th... more The City of Los Angeles (LA) set an ambitious goal to achieve 100% carbon-free energy by 2035. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is the nation's largest municipal water and power utility. LADWP was established more than 100 years ago to deliver reliable, safe water and electricity to LA and currently serves more than four million residents. To understand the pathways LA can take to achieve its 100% clean energy future-and how those pathways benefit Angelenos-LADWP partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on the Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study (LA100), which found that LA can achieve reliable, 100% renewable power as early as 2035. LA100 revealed that all communities in LA will share in benefits of the clean energy transition, including but not limited to health benefits from improved air quality, new jobs, and resilience to climate change. LADWP plans to lead the way to a decarbonized future by 2035. LADWP further commits that as it works to achieve its clean energy future, it will leave no community behind-from affluent enclaves to working-class neighborhoods. LA100 Equity Strategies is the natural extension of the research findings in LA100. LA's clean energy future must be one where everyone benefits from cleaner air, good jobs, economic opportunity, wellbeing, and-equally importantan equitable household and small business energy cost structure. LADWP's objectives are to make its clean energy transition happen in a reliable, resilient, accessible, and affordable way for everyone. We know equity does not happen on its own, and actions must be proposed, adopted, and implemented. Addressing historical inequities requires intentional strategies and a long-term commitment to fairness that includes comprehending past actions and redressing them as well as any current actions that have perpetuated injustices, and meeting inequity with bold action. Said another way, it means ensuring that those Angelenos who have borne a disproportionate burden of the city's carbon past must benefit equally from its transition to a carbon-free future and should not bear a disproportionate burden of the costs associated with this historic transformation of the city's energy supply. In short, LADWP's clean energy future must be "Powered by Equity."
Reaching 100% decarbonization of the LADWP power system will include renewable energy resources s... more Reaching 100% decarbonization of the LADWP power system will include renewable energy resources sited within the city limits of Los Angeles. In addition to customer-adopted rooftop solar (see Chapter 4), there is rich opportunity for locally sited, but non-customer-owned resources in LADWP territory. These options include ground-mount solar and storage, parking canopy solar, and floating solar-none of which is assumed to directly offset customer electricity consumption. This chapter explores the technical and economic viability of non-customer rooftop local solar and storage resources and the corresponding cost of integrating these technologies to the subtransmission portion (34.5kV) of the distribution grid. • 5,700 MWPV and 1,599 MWBattery of non-rooftop local solar technical potential exists within the LADWP in-basin service territory, i.e., for ground-mount (solar-only and solar-plus-storage), parking canopy, or floating solar projects. o Of this total, 850 MW of capacity exists for projects >10 MW, 2,100 MW for projects >1 MW, and the remainder for projects <1 MW.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019
Flexible ramping products are designed to compensate the variability and uncertainty of load and ... more Flexible ramping products are designed to compensate the variability and uncertainty of load and intermittent generation. Since their market implementation by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) and Midcontinent System Operator (MISO), flexible ramping products have garnered much attention. However, it is still unclear how to best formulate wind power plants' participation in the ramping requirement. This paper investigates different wind ramping product formulations and increasing wind power penetration in the context of a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model. We demonstrate that the ramping model that captures both the intra-and inter-temporal output ramp capability of individual wind power plants reflects the true ramp contribution of the wind fleet. With increasing wind penetration, wind generation curtailments can support the grid's ramping needs. In addition, we found that increased wind penetration has the potential of lowering ramping and production costs. Numerical case studies performed on the TAMU 2000bus synthetic network support the findings. , Flexible ramp-down capacity provided by unit at time interval , Flexible ramp-down capacity provided by wind power plant at time interval , Flexible ramp-up capacity provided by unit at time interval , Flexible ramp-up capacity provided by wind power plant at time interval System level load-shedding penalty at time , Generation output for unit at time interval Ì… , Maximum available generation output for unit in time interval , Generation output of unit in its block k at time , Total generation injection at bus in time interval , Wind power output for unit w at time ,
2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES), 2015
Reducing peak demand is critically important in smartgrid as a significant fraction of the electr... more Reducing peak demand is critically important in smartgrid as a significant fraction of the electric grids capital and operational expenses is affected by the peak power demands. Time of Use (ToU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) pricing schemes have been used by power system operators to incentivize cus- tomers to reduce their peak energy demands during peak hours. However, ToU only provides a weak incentive for customers and does not promote adoption at scale. Similarly, day-ahead Real- Time Pricing (RTP) scheme might create peaks in previoulsy off-peak periods and causes some ping-pong effect in next day prices. In this paper, we introduce a new incentive-driven scheme called Minimax which encourages customers to flatten their daily load profiles such that they can reduce their electricity bill and help lowering the aggregate peak power demands. Using two real life energy usage datasets, we show via simulations how the peak energy usage and load factor vary with different choices of parameter values we select for the Minimax scheme. In addition, we present our optimal scheduling policy which yields the minimum energy bill assuming a certain percentage of load demands is schedulable. Our results using energy usage data of 100 homes from the UMASS dataset show that customers can save 13-17% of their electricity bills if the Minimax scheme is used but only about 2-3% if RTP or TOU scheme is used. Furthermore, the power system operators see a 10% reduction in peak power demand if appropriate parameter values are used for the Minimax scheme while the peak demands increase by more than 70% using RTP or TOU schemes.
With the increasing share of distributed energy resources on the electric grid, utility companies... more With the increasing share of distributed energy resources on the electric grid, utility companies are facing significant decisions about infrastructure upgrades. An alternative to extensive and capital-intensive upgrades is to offer non-firm interconnection opportunities to distributed generators, via a coordinated operation of utility scale resources. This paper introduces a novel flexible interconnection option based on the last-in, first-out principles of access aimed at minimizing the unnecessary non-firm generation energy curtailment by balancing access rights and contribution to thermal overloads. Although we focus on solar photovoltaic (PV) plants in this work, the introduced flexible interconnection option applies to any distributed generation technology. The curtailment risk of individual non-firm PV units is evaluated across a range of PV penetration levels in a yearlong quasi-static time-series simulation on a real-world feeder. The results show the importance of the size...
The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study, or LA100, revealed that although all communities in ... more The Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study, or LA100, revealed that although all communities in Los Angeles will share in the air quality and public health benefits of the clean energy transition, increasing equity in participation and outcomes will require intentionally designed policies and programs. The LA100 Equity Strategies project was specifically designed to help Los Angeles identify pathways to such policies and programs in the form of equity strategies. The project aimed to do this by incorporating research and analysis to chart a course toward specific, community-prioritized, and equitable outcomes from the clean energy transition outlined in the LA100 study.
The City of Los Angeles (LA) set an ambitious goal to achieve 100% carbon-free energy by 2035. Th... more The City of Los Angeles (LA) set an ambitious goal to achieve 100% carbon-free energy by 2035. The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) is the nation's largest municipal water and power utility. LADWP was established more than 100 years ago to deliver reliable, safe water and electricity to LA and currently serves more than four million residents. To understand the pathways LA can take to achieve its 100% clean energy future-and how those pathways benefit Angelenos-LADWP partnered with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) on the Los Angeles 100% Renewable Energy Study (LA100), which found that LA can achieve reliable, 100% renewable power as early as 2035. LA100 revealed that all communities in LA will share in benefits of the clean energy transition, including but not limited to health benefits from improved air quality, new jobs, and resilience to climate change. LADWP plans to lead the way to a decarbonized future by 2035. LADWP further commits that as it works to achieve its clean energy future, it will leave no community behind-from affluent enclaves to working-class neighborhoods. LA100 Equity Strategies is the natural extension of the research findings in LA100. LA's clean energy future must be one where everyone benefits from cleaner air, good jobs, economic opportunity, wellbeing, and-equally importantan equitable household and small business energy cost structure. LADWP's objectives are to make its clean energy transition happen in a reliable, resilient, accessible, and affordable way for everyone. We know equity does not happen on its own, and actions must be proposed, adopted, and implemented. Addressing historical inequities requires intentional strategies and a long-term commitment to fairness that includes comprehending past actions and redressing them as well as any current actions that have perpetuated injustices, and meeting inequity with bold action. Said another way, it means ensuring that those Angelenos who have borne a disproportionate burden of the city's carbon past must benefit equally from its transition to a carbon-free future and should not bear a disproportionate burden of the costs associated with this historic transformation of the city's energy supply. In short, LADWP's clean energy future must be "Powered by Equity."
Reaching 100% decarbonization of the LADWP power system will include renewable energy resources s... more Reaching 100% decarbonization of the LADWP power system will include renewable energy resources sited within the city limits of Los Angeles. In addition to customer-adopted rooftop solar (see Chapter 4), there is rich opportunity for locally sited, but non-customer-owned resources in LADWP territory. These options include ground-mount solar and storage, parking canopy solar, and floating solar-none of which is assumed to directly offset customer electricity consumption. This chapter explores the technical and economic viability of non-customer rooftop local solar and storage resources and the corresponding cost of integrating these technologies to the subtransmission portion (34.5kV) of the distribution grid. • 5,700 MWPV and 1,599 MWBattery of non-rooftop local solar technical potential exists within the LADWP in-basin service territory, i.e., for ground-mount (solar-only and solar-plus-storage), parking canopy, or floating solar projects. o Of this total, 850 MW of capacity exists for projects >10 MW, 2,100 MW for projects >1 MW, and the remainder for projects <1 MW.
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2019
Flexible ramping products are designed to compensate the variability and uncertainty of load and ... more Flexible ramping products are designed to compensate the variability and uncertainty of load and intermittent generation. Since their market implementation by the California Independent System Operator (CAISO) and Midcontinent System Operator (MISO), flexible ramping products have garnered much attention. However, it is still unclear how to best formulate wind power plants' participation in the ramping requirement. This paper investigates different wind ramping product formulations and increasing wind power penetration in the context of a security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) model. We demonstrate that the ramping model that captures both the intra-and inter-temporal output ramp capability of individual wind power plants reflects the true ramp contribution of the wind fleet. With increasing wind penetration, wind generation curtailments can support the grid's ramping needs. In addition, we found that increased wind penetration has the potential of lowering ramping and production costs. Numerical case studies performed on the TAMU 2000bus synthetic network support the findings. , Flexible ramp-down capacity provided by unit at time interval , Flexible ramp-down capacity provided by wind power plant at time interval , Flexible ramp-up capacity provided by unit at time interval , Flexible ramp-up capacity provided by wind power plant at time interval System level load-shedding penalty at time , Generation output for unit at time interval Ì… , Maximum available generation output for unit in time interval , Generation output of unit in its block k at time , Total generation injection at bus in time interval , Wind power output for unit w at time ,
2015 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (MSCPES), 2015
Reducing peak demand is critically important in smartgrid as a significant fraction of the electr... more Reducing peak demand is critically important in smartgrid as a significant fraction of the electric grids capital and operational expenses is affected by the peak power demands. Time of Use (ToU) and Real Time Pricing (RTP) pricing schemes have been used by power system operators to incentivize cus- tomers to reduce their peak energy demands during peak hours. However, ToU only provides a weak incentive for customers and does not promote adoption at scale. Similarly, day-ahead Real- Time Pricing (RTP) scheme might create peaks in previoulsy off-peak periods and causes some ping-pong effect in next day prices. In this paper, we introduce a new incentive-driven scheme called Minimax which encourages customers to flatten their daily load profiles such that they can reduce their electricity bill and help lowering the aggregate peak power demands. Using two real life energy usage datasets, we show via simulations how the peak energy usage and load factor vary with different choices of parameter values we select for the Minimax scheme. In addition, we present our optimal scheduling policy which yields the minimum energy bill assuming a certain percentage of load demands is schedulable. Our results using energy usage data of 100 homes from the UMASS dataset show that customers can save 13-17% of their electricity bills if the Minimax scheme is used but only about 2-3% if RTP or TOU scheme is used. Furthermore, the power system operators see a 10% reduction in peak power demand if appropriate parameter values are used for the Minimax scheme while the peak demands increase by more than 70% using RTP or TOU schemes.
With the increasing share of distributed energy resources on the electric grid, utility companies... more With the increasing share of distributed energy resources on the electric grid, utility companies are facing significant decisions about infrastructure upgrades. An alternative to extensive and capital-intensive upgrades is to offer non-firm interconnection opportunities to distributed generators, via a coordinated operation of utility scale resources. This paper introduces a novel flexible interconnection option based on the last-in, first-out principles of access aimed at minimizing the unnecessary non-firm generation energy curtailment by balancing access rights and contribution to thermal overloads. Although we focus on solar photovoltaic (PV) plants in this work, the introduced flexible interconnection option applies to any distributed generation technology. The curtailment risk of individual non-firm PV units is evaluated across a range of PV penetration levels in a yearlong quasi-static time-series simulation on a real-world feeder. The results show the importance of the size...
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