Papers by Saurabh Singh Singh
Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, 2021
Background: To evaluate the prevalence, density, and distribution of prostate calcification in pa... more Background: To evaluate the prevalence, density, and distribution of prostate calcification in patients with prostate cancer. Methods: Patients who underwent both Gallium-68 PSMA PET/CT and MRI of the prostate over the course of a year were selected for analysis. The CT images with visible calcifications within the prostate were included and calcifications automatically isolated using a threshold of 130 HU. The corresponding multiparametric MRI was assessed and the peripheral zone, transition zone, MRI-visible tumor, and urethra manually contoured. The contoured MRI and CT images were registered using rigid registration, and calcifications mapped automatically to the MRI contours. Results: A total of 85 men (age range 50−88, mean 69 years, standard deviation 7.2 years) were assessed. The mean serum Prostate Specific Antigen PSA was 16.7, range 0.12 to 94.4. Most patients had intermediate-risk disease (68%; Gleason grade group 2 and 3), 26% had high-risk disease (Gleason grade group 4 and 5), and 6% had low-risk disease (Gleason grade group 1). Forty-six patients out of 85 (54%) had intraprostatic calcification. Calcification occurred more in transition zone than the peripheral zone (65% vs. 35%). The mean density of the calcification was 227 HU (min 133, max 1,966 HU). In 12 patients, the calcification was within an MRI-visible tumor, in 24 patients, there were calcifications within a 9 mm distance of the tumor border, and in 9 patients, there were calcifications located between the urethra and tumor. Conclusions: Calcifications are common in patients with prostate cancer. Their density and location may make them a significant consideration when planning treatment or retreatment with some types of minimally invasive therapy.
Journal of surgical case reports, 2018
Condom catheters are known to be discrete, reliable, comfortable and very easy to use which makes... more Condom catheters are known to be discrete, reliable, comfortable and very easy to use which makes them preferable to bladder catheter (Saint . (Urinary catheters: What type do men and their nursesprefer? 1999;47:1453-1457); Hirsh . (Do condom catheter collecting systems cause urinary tract infection? 1979;2:0-1)). Condom catheters are widely used in the management of male urinary incontinence, bedridden patient and geriatric population. They are considered to be safe, however, they are associated with complications in care of an incorrect use. In our hospital setup a 73-year-old male bedridden patient attended the surgical opd with complain of penile skin erosion following condom catheter application for 4 days for which dressing was done to remove the slough for 2 days then circumcision was done. Henceforth, although a less known complications are associated with the condom catheter but if not attended promptly can lead to a grave condition like penile gangrene, necrosis, death (Öz...
International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Legal Medicine
2015 13th International Symposium on Modeling and Optimization in Mobile, Ad Hoc, and Wireless Networks (WiOpt), 2015
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are designed for sensing phenomenon and acquiring data. In struct... more Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are designed for sensing phenomenon and acquiring data. In structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical infrastructure, increasingly large number of sensor nodes are deployed to acquire data at the spatial density needed for structural integrity assessment. After rare catastrophic events (like earthquakes) a large volume of data related to the event can be produced in an instant, and need to be sent (to remote locations) for analysis. When many nodes are trying to transmit their data simultaneously, the contention for the wireless channel increases the probability of packet collisions resulting in packet drops, multiple retransmission attempts and consequently delays; it is also not uncommon to find certain nodes (e.g. closer to the sink) having better chances of successful transmission leading to biased data delivery. While clustering has been extensively used to reduce contention in wireless networks, the performance criteria for the network is still very nodefocused. This paper presents a new perspective on cluster-based WSNs and proposes a cluster centric design that aims to tackle medium access control (MAC) layer congestion associated with burst packet generation in an unbiased manner, making it suitable for applications like SHM.
Asian Spine Journal, 2011
S St tu ud dy y D De es si ig gn n: : A retrospective cohort study. P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To a... more S St tu ud dy y D De es si ig gn n: : A retrospective cohort study. P Pu ur rp po os se e: : To analyze differences in between the unipedicular vs. bipedicular balloon kyphoplasty for the treatment of multiple myeloma lesions. O Ov ve er rv vi ie ew w o of f L Li it te er ra at tu ur re e: : Both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are reported to be effective for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in multiple myeloma patients. Kyphoplasty is often performed with a bipedicular approach while vertebroplasty with a monopedicular approach. Monopedicular kyphoplasty is investigated as a viable surgical technique alternatively in comparison with the bipedicular method. M Me et th ho od ds s: : We performed 37 vertebral body augmentation procedures, 18 vertebroplasty (group A) and 19 kyphoplasty, 9 unipedicular approaches (group B1) and 10 bipedicular approaches (group B2), on 14 patients affected by multiple myeloma with a mean clinical and radiographic follow up of more than 12 months. R Re es su ul lt ts s: : Both kyphoplasty techniques lead to a better postoperative improvement of the vertebral height and kyphotic deformity if compared with the vertebroplasty, with a statistical significance for the body height restoration only (p = 0.0066). The unipedicular and the bipedicular kyphoplasty have similar results in term of kyphotic deformity correction and height restoration. The 85.7% (12/14) of the patients had an immediate improvement of the pain and no difference between the vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty groups were observed regarding the pain. We observed a 24.3% of cement leakage in all groups with no clinical symptoms and noticed that the risk of extravasations was higher in multilevel treatment, in bipedicular kyphoplasty procedures and in patients not treated previously with a bone marrow transplant. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on ns s: : Both vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are effective in treating vertebral compression fracture due to multiple myeloma. Unipedicular kyphoplasty could give equivalent results as with bipedicular kyphoplasty in multilevel disease, aiming only to restore the sagittal alignment of the spine and the height of the vertebral body especially at the thoracolumbar spinal segment.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013
In this paper, we study the effect of demand on specialization of skilled agents by modifying the... more In this paper, we study the effect of demand on specialization of skilled agents by modifying the earlier hybrid model which is based on the well-known Genetic Threshold Model (GTM) and Social Inhibition Model (SIM). We improve the agent specialization or division of labor (DOL) and also the quality of work (QOW) by introducing a new concept of varying the demand on a smooth curve and compare our results with the previous models.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2007
We show that a simple one parameter scaling of the dynamical correlation energy estimated by the ... more We show that a simple one parameter scaling of the dynamical correlation energy estimated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) correlation functionals helps increase the overall accuracy for several local and nonlocal functionals. The approach taken here has been described as the "scaled dynamical correlation" (SDC) method [B. Ramachandran, J. Phys. Chem. A 2006, 110, 396], and its justification is the same as that of the Scaled External Correlation (SEC) method of Brown and Truhlar. We examine five local and five nonlocal (hybrid) DFT functionals, the latter group including three functionals developed specifically for kinetics by the Truhlar group. The optimum scale factors are obtained using a set of 98 data values consisting of molecules, ions, and transition states. The optimum scale factors, found using a linear regression relationship are found to differ from unity with a high degree of correlation in nearly every case, indicating that the deviation of calculated results from the experimental values are systematic, and proportional to the dynamic correlation energy. As a consequence, the SDC scaling of dynamical correlation decreases the mean errors (signed and unsigned) by significant amounts in an overwhelming majority of cases. These results indicate that there are gains to be realized from further parameterization of several popular exchange-correlation functionals.
Respiratory Medicine CME, 2008
For the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis positivity of the sputum for acid fast bacilli is con... more For the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis positivity of the sputum for acid fast bacilli is considered confirmatory. In such cases sometimes the other associated clinical condition may go undiagnosed. We are reporting case report in which the sputum for AFB positive male presented with the raised hemidiaphragm.
Joint Bone Spine, 2008
Objectives: Cysticercosis, a parasitic disease caused by encysted larvae of the tapeworm Taenia s... more Objectives: Cysticercosis, a parasitic disease caused by encysted larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium, is commonly seen in developing countries and in immigrant population of developed countries. The most common presentation is as neuro cysticercosis, but rarely may have an extra cerebral muscular presentation. Methods: A case of cysticercosis of the biceps brachii is presented in a 17 year old male, leading on to posterior interosseous nerve syndrome. Results: The patient was completely cured by 6 months with medical management with albendazole. Conclusion: Cysticercosis is not uncommon in developing countries and immigrant population of developed countries. The muscular presentation of cysticercosis may mimic a tumour leading to posterior interosseous nerve palsy. The management in such cases could be medical line of treatment or surgical excision.
International Orthopaedics, 2010
Injudicious reaming of the tibial shaft can lead to extreme local hyperthermia, which in turn can... more Injudicious reaming of the tibial shaft can lead to extreme local hyperthermia, which in turn can result in the rare but catastrophic complication of segmental bone and soft tissue necrosis (osteocutaneous thermal necrosis). This is a retrospective study showing osteocutaneous thermal necrosis occurring after tibial intramedullary reaming salvaged by Ilizarov reconstruction in seven patients from the collective experience of four limb reconstruction centres. All patients were males, with an average age of 51.8 years (range, 30-70 years), who had undergone intramedullary reaming during the treatment of closed tibial fractures. In all patients, circumferential bone and variable contiguous soft tissue necrosis developed a few days after reaming. Bone and soft tissue reconstruction was subsequently performed using a circular external fixator (Ilizarov apparatus or Taylor spatial frame) a mean of four months after injury in six patients; in one case, reconstruction was undertaken four years after the original injury. Two complications (secondary tissue breakdown at a bone transport site; premature consolidation) necessitated cessation of bone transport at one of two bone transport levels in two patients. All patients eventually healed with a good functional result after an average of 11.5 months in the fixator (range, 10-13 months).
Injury, 2010
The optimal timing of definitive fracture stabilisation represents an enigma for all orthopaedic ... more The optimal timing of definitive fracture stabilisation represents an enigma for all orthopaedic surgeons involved in the care of severely injured patients in view of damage control orthopaedics (DCO). The immediate and complete definitive operative care of all fractures provides the optimal treatment for the patient with polytrauma patients. The benefits of this approach have been demonstrated in numerous studies within the past 2 decades. 1,3,5,6 However, the principle of early total care may not be feasible for high risk, borderline and physiologically unstable patients. For these patients, the concept of initial temporary external fixation and secondary conversion to a definitive osteosynthesis such as intramedullary nail (IMN) has been advocated. 20 At times, it is very difficult to convert the type of osteosynthesis from external to internal because of large soft tissue defect, long intensive care unit (ICU) stay, probable intra-operative difficulties or high probability of septicaemia. Results may vary when the change of fixation is carried out after a long external fixation period. 13,14 Definitive osteosynthesis with external fixation by the Ilizarov device, or monolateral fixator until union, is associated with large number of § The current study was approved by the Ethical Board
Image and Vision Computing, 2006
Cancer Letters, 2013
Pancreatic cancers relapse due to small but distinct population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which... more Pancreatic cancers relapse due to small but distinct population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are in turn regulated by miRNAs. The present study identifies a series of miRNAs which were either upregulated (e.g. miR-146) or downregulated (e.g. miRNA-205, miRNA-7) in gemcitabine resistant MIA PaCa-2 cancer cells and clinical metastatic pancreatic cancer tissues. Gemcitabine resistant MIA PaCa-2 cells possessed distinct ALDH-positive CSC fraction expressing stem cell markers OCT3/4 and CD44 and chemoresistance marker class III b-tubulin (TUBB3) which decreases on transfection with miR-205 resulting in the restoration of chemosensitivity to gemcitabine.
British Journal of Surgery, 2011
Background Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET–CT) is increasingl... more Background Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET–CT) is increasingly being used in the staging of oesophageal cancer. Some recent reports suggest it may be used to predict survival. None of these studies, however, reported on the prognostic value of PET–CT performed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment PET–CT could predict survival. Methods Consecutive patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent PET–CT before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection were included. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid tumour length and the presence of FDG-avid local lymph nodes were determined for all patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was performed and multivariable analysis used to identify independent prognostic factors. Results A total of 121 patients were included (mean age 63 years, 97 men) of whom 103 underwent surgical resection. On an intention...
Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology, 2009
Background-Arsenic is a ubiquitous element that is a potential carcinogen and teratogen and can c... more Background-Arsenic is a ubiquitous element that is a potential carcinogen and teratogen and can cause adverse developmental outcomes. Arsenic exerts its toxic effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that include hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), superoxide-derived hydroxyl ion, and peroxyl radicals. However, the molecular mechanisms by which arsenic induces cytotoxicity in murine embryonic maxillary mesenchymal (MEMM) cells are undefined. Methods-MEMM cells in culture were treated with different concentrations of pentavalent sodium arsenate [As (V)] for 24 or 48 hours and various end points measured. Results-We show that treatment of MEMM cells with the pentavalent form of inorganic arsenic resulted in caspase-mediated apoptosis, accompanied by generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. Treatment with caspase inhibitors markedly blocked apoptosis. In addition, the free radical scavenger N-acetylcysteine dramatically attenuated arsenic-mediated ROS production and apoptosis, and exposure to arsenate increased Bax and decreased Bcl protein levels in MEMM cells. Conclusions-Taken together, these findings suggest that in MEMM cells, arsenate-mediated oxidative injury acts as an early and upstream initiator of the cell death cascade, triggering cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, altered Bcl/Bax protein ratios, and activation of caspase-9.
ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2012
Given a large repository of geotagged imagery, we seek to automatically find visual elements, e.g... more Given a large repository of geotagged imagery, we seek to automatically find visual elements, e.g. windows, balconies, and street signs, that are most distinctive for a certain geospatial area, for example the city of Paris. This is a tremendously di cult task as the visual features distinguishing architectural elements of di↵erent places can be very subtle. In addition, we face a hard search problem: given all possible patches in all images, which of them are both frequently occurring and geographically informative? To address these issues, we propose to use a discriminative clustering approach able to take into account the weak geographic supervision. We show that geographically representative image elements can be discovered automatically from Google Street View imagery in a discriminative manner. We demonstrate that these elements are visually interpretable and perceptually geo-informative. The discovered visual elements can also support a variety of computational geography tasks, such as mapping architectural correspondences and influences within and across cities, finding representative elements at di↵erent geo-spatial scales, and geographicallyinformed image retrieval.
False positives on multiparametric (mp)-MRI result in a large number of unnecessary biopsies in m... more False positives on multiparametric (mp)-MRI result in a large number of unnecessary biopsies in men with clinically insignificant diseases. This study investigates whether quantitative diffusion MRI can improve differentiation between false positives, true positives and normal tis-sue. Twenty-three patients underwent mp-MRI and Vascular, Extracellular and Restricted Diffu-sion for Cytometry in Tumours (VERDICT)-MRI, followed by transperineal biopsy. The patients were categorised into two groups following biopsy: (1) significant cancer - true positive (2) atro-phy/inflammation/high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) - false positive. The clinical apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were obtained, and the intravoxel inco-herent motion (IVIM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and VERDICT models were fitted using a deep learning approach. Significant differences (p < 0.05) between true positive and false positive lesions were found in ADC, IVIM per...
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Papers by Saurabh Singh Singh