Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with ... more Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with complex number. Various strategies are commonly employed to project complex number into real number, although it is frequently sacrificing the information contained in the complex number. This paper proposes a new method and four techniques to represent complex number as real number, without having to sacrifice the information contained. The proposed techniques are also capable of retrieving the original complex number from the representing real number, with little to none of information loss. The promising applicability of the proposed techniques has been demonstrated and worth to receive further exploration in representing the complex number.
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) drug analysis and identification are challenging and critical n... more Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) drug analysis and identification are challenging and critical nowadays with the emergence production of new synthetic ATS drugs with sophisticated design compounds. In the present study, we proposed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) model to perform ATS drug classification as an alternative method. We investigate as well as explore the classification behavior of 1DCNN with the utilization of the existing novel 3D molecular descriptors as ATS drugs representation to become the model input. The proposed 1DCNN model is composed of one convolutional layer to reduce the model complexity. Besides, pooling operation that is a standard part of traditional CNN is not applied in this architecture to have more features in the classification phase. The dropout regularization technique is employed to improve model generalization. Experiments were conducted to find the optimal values for three dominant hyper-parameters of the 1DCNN model which are the filter size, transfer function, and batch size. Our findings found that kernel size 11, exponential linear unit (ELU) transfer function and batch size 32 are optimal for the 1DCNN model. A comparison with several machine learning classifiers has shown that our proposed 1DCNN has achieved comparable performance with the Random Forest classifier and competitive performance with the others.
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR 2021)
In the original version of the book, the misspelt co-author name "Satrya Fajr Pratama" has been c... more In the original version of the book, the misspelt co-author name "Satrya Fajr Pratama" has been changed to "Satrya Fajri Pratama" in Chapter "Improving Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Drug Classification Using Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm as Relevant Descriptors Selection Technique". The erratum chapter and the book have been updated with the change.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which enabled the characterization of the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation, or molecular descriptors, technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these molecular imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the simulated 3D drugs molecular structure to be used by these 3D moment invariants-based molecular descriptors techniques. The drugs molecular structures are obtained from pihkal.info for the ATS drugs, while non-ATS drugs are obtained randomly from ChemSpider database.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which enabled the characterization of the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation, or molecular descriptors, technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these emerging molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these molecular imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the si...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular imaging devices which allowed mankind to characterize the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moments, and this study formulates a new 3D moments technique, namely 3D Hahn moments, to represent the 3D molecular structure of ATS drugs. The performance of the proposed technique was analysed using drug chemical structures obtained from UNODC for the ATS drugs, while non-ATS drugs are obtained randomly from ChemSpider database. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored in the future works to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
Similarity searching of molecular structure has been an important application in the Chemoinforma... more Similarity searching of molecular structure has been an important application in the Chemoinformatics, especially in drug discovery. Similarity searching is a common method used for identification of molecular structure. It involve three main principal component of similarity searching: structure representation; weighting scheme; and similarity coefficient. In this paper, we introduces Weighted Tanimoto Coefficient based on weighted Euclidean distance in order to investigate the effect of weight function on the result for similarity searching. The Tanimoto coefficient is one of the popular similarity coefficients used to measure the similarity between pairs of the molecule. The most of research area found that the similarity searching is based on binary or fingerprint data. Meanwhile, we used non-binary data and was set amphetamine structure as a reference or targeted structure and the rest of the dataset becomes a database structure. Throughout this study, it showed that there is d...
ABSTRACT Swarm intelligence-based feature selection techniques are implemented by this work to in... more ABSTRACT Swarm intelligence-based feature selection techniques are implemented by this work to increase classifier performance in classifying Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) drugs. A recently proposed 3D Exact Legendre Moment Invariants (3D-ELMI) molecular descriptors as 3D molecular structure representational for ATS drugs. These descriptors are utilized as the dataset in this study. However, a large number of descriptors may cause performance degradation in the classifier. To complement this issue, this research applies three swarm algorithms with k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifier in the wrapper feature selection technique to ensure only relevant descriptors are selected for the ATS drug classification task. For this purpose, the binary version of swarm algorithms facilitated with the S-shaped or sigmoid transfer function known as binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO), and new binary manta-ray foraging optimization algorithm (BMRFO) are developed for feature selection. Their performance is evaluated and compared based on seven performance criteria. Furthermore, the optimal feature subset was then evaluated with seven different classifiers. Findings from this study have revealed the dominance of BWOA by obtaining the highest classification accuracy with the small feature size.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which allowed mankind to characterize the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moments and moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these recent imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the simulated 3D drugs molecular ...
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Internatio... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer International Publishing AG. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Similarity or distance measures have been used widely to calculate the similarity or dissimilarit... more Similarity or distance measures have been used widely to calculate the similarity or dissimilarity between two samples of dataset. Cheminformatics is known as the domain that dealing with chemical information and both similarity and distance coefficient ha ve been an important role for matching, searching and classification of chemical information. There are various types of similarity/distance coefficient used in molecular structure similarity searching. Generally, the calculation using similarity/distance coefficient is focusing more on 2dimensional (2D) rather than 3-dimensional (3D) structure. In this paper, the popular similarity/distance coefficients for molecular structure will be reviewed together with the review on 3D molecular structure.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2017
National development is constantly threatened by drug abuse. The chemical composition of the drug... more National development is constantly threatened by drug abuse. The chemical composition of the drugs heavily determines the results of identification process, which becomes more unreliable due to the introduction of new, sophisticated, and increasingly complex ATS analogues. The identification of the unique characteristics of molecular structure in ATS drug is very crucial. Therefore, this paper is meant for formulating a more precise 3D geometric moment invariants to represent the molecular structure. The performance of the proposed technique was analyzed using drug molecular structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime and also from various sources. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored and adapted to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT The uniqueness of shape and style of handwriting can be used to identify the significant... more ABSTRACT The uniqueness of shape and style of handwriting can be used to identify the significant features in confirming the author of writing. This paper is meant to propose a novel feature selection framework for Swarm Optimized and Computationally Inexpensive Floating Selection SOCIFS, by exploring existing feature selection frameworks, and compare the performance of proposed feature selection framework against various feature selection methods in Writer Identification in order to find the most significant features. The promising applicability of the proposed framework has been demonstrated in the result and worth to receive further exploration in identifying the handwritten authorship.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
The war on drug abuse involves all nations worldwide. Normally, molecular components are unique, ... more The war on drug abuse involves all nations worldwide. Normally, molecular components are unique, and thus the drugs can be identified based on it. However, this procedure started to be more unreliable with the introduction of new ATS molecular structures which are increasingly complex and sophisticated. Hence, unique characteristics of molecular structure of ATS drug must be accurately identified. Therefore, this paper is meant for formulating an exact 3D geometric moment invariants to represent the drug molecular structure. The performance of the proposed technique was analyzed using drug chemical structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and also from various sources. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored and adapted in the future works to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
Drug abuse is a threat to national development. Generally, drugs can be identified based on the s... more Drug abuse is a threat to national development. Generally, drugs can be identified based on the structure of its molecular components. This procedure is becoming more unreliable with the introduction of new amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) molecular structures which are increasingly complex and sophisticated. An in-depth study is crucial to accurately identify the unique characteristics of molecular structure in ATS drug. Therefore, this chapter is meant for exploring the usage of shape descriptors (SD) to represent the drug molecular structure. Two-dimensional (2D) united moment invariant (UMI) and three-dimensional (3D) Zernike are selected and their performances are analyzed using drug chemical structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and various sources. The evaluation identifies the most interesting method to be further explored and adapted in the future work to fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
2014 4th World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT 2014), 2014
Drug abuse among the people around the world is getting serious and increase nowadays. An Ampheta... more Drug abuse among the people around the world is getting serious and increase nowadays. An Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) drug is one of the popular drugs in the world. This kind of drug is a combination of two types of drugs; amphetamine and ecstasy. In this project, we are focusing on two different techniques used to compare the result between 2D and 3D ATS drug molecule. Besides that, this project is also looking for the best technique to produce 2D and 3D images. United Moment Invariant (UMI) and Hough Transform (HT) are the feature extraction methods that will be used to extract data from both 2D and 3D molecular structure of the ATS drugs. Later, the extracted data will be processed into WEKA for classification accuracies for both molecular structures. As a conclusion, the MI and the HT technique will definitely provide different results, but both techniques will perform well with the ATS molecular structure.
my Specific Swarm Sequential Selection (C 4 S 4). Experiments conducted to proof the validity and... more my Specific Swarm Sequential Selection (C 4 S 4). Experiments conducted to proof the validity and feasibility of the proposed framework using dataset from IAM Database by comparing the proposed framework to the existing Writer Identification framework and various feature selection techniques and frameworks yield satisfactory results. The results show the proposed framework produces the best result with 99.35% classification accuracy. The promising outcomes are opening the gate to future explorations in Writer Identification domain specifically and other domains generally.
Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with ... more Researchers are often perplexed when their machine learning algorithms are required to deal with complex number. Various strategies are commonly employed to project complex number into real number, although it is frequently sacrificing the information contained in the complex number. This paper proposes a new method and four techniques to represent complex number as real number, without having to sacrifice the information contained. The proposed techniques are also capable of retrieving the original complex number from the representing real number, with little to none of information loss. The promising applicability of the proposed techniques has been demonstrated and worth to receive further exploration in representing the complex number.
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) drug analysis and identification are challenging and critical n... more Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) drug analysis and identification are challenging and critical nowadays with the emergence production of new synthetic ATS drugs with sophisticated design compounds. In the present study, we proposed a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) model to perform ATS drug classification as an alternative method. We investigate as well as explore the classification behavior of 1DCNN with the utilization of the existing novel 3D molecular descriptors as ATS drugs representation to become the model input. The proposed 1DCNN model is composed of one convolutional layer to reduce the model complexity. Besides, pooling operation that is a standard part of traditional CNN is not applied in this architecture to have more features in the classification phase. The dropout regularization technique is employed to improve model generalization. Experiments were conducted to find the optimal values for three dominant hyper-parameters of the 1DCNN model which are the filter size, transfer function, and batch size. Our findings found that kernel size 11, exponential linear unit (ELU) transfer function and batch size 32 are optimal for the 1DCNN model. A comparison with several machine learning classifiers has shown that our proposed 1DCNN has achieved comparable performance with the Random Forest classifier and competitive performance with the others.
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Soft Computing and Pattern Recognition (SoCPaR 2021)
In the original version of the book, the misspelt co-author name "Satrya Fajr Pratama" has been c... more In the original version of the book, the misspelt co-author name "Satrya Fajr Pratama" has been changed to "Satrya Fajri Pratama" in Chapter "Improving Amphetamine-Type Stimulants Drug Classification Using Binary Whale Optimization Algorithm as Relevant Descriptors Selection Technique". The erratum chapter and the book have been updated with the change.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which enabled the characterization of the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation, or molecular descriptors, technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these molecular imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the simulated 3D drugs molecular structure to be used by these 3D moment invariants-based molecular descriptors techniques. The drugs molecular structures are obtained from pihkal.info for the ATS drugs, while non-ATS drugs are obtained randomly from ChemSpider database.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which enabled the characterization of the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation, or molecular descriptors, technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these emerging molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these molecular imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the si...
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular imaging devices which allowed mankind to characterize the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moments, and this study formulates a new 3D moments technique, namely 3D Hahn moments, to represent the 3D molecular structure of ATS drugs. The performance of the proposed technique was analysed using drug chemical structures obtained from UNODC for the ATS drugs, while non-ATS drugs are obtained randomly from ChemSpider database. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored in the future works to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
Similarity searching of molecular structure has been an important application in the Chemoinforma... more Similarity searching of molecular structure has been an important application in the Chemoinformatics, especially in drug discovery. Similarity searching is a common method used for identification of molecular structure. It involve three main principal component of similarity searching: structure representation; weighting scheme; and similarity coefficient. In this paper, we introduces Weighted Tanimoto Coefficient based on weighted Euclidean distance in order to investigate the effect of weight function on the result for similarity searching. The Tanimoto coefficient is one of the popular similarity coefficients used to measure the similarity between pairs of the molecule. The most of research area found that the similarity searching is based on binary or fingerprint data. Meanwhile, we used non-binary data and was set amphetamine structure as a reference or targeted structure and the rest of the dataset becomes a database structure. Throughout this study, it showed that there is d...
ABSTRACT Swarm intelligence-based feature selection techniques are implemented by this work to in... more ABSTRACT Swarm intelligence-based feature selection techniques are implemented by this work to increase classifier performance in classifying Amphetamine-type Stimulants (ATS) drugs. A recently proposed 3D Exact Legendre Moment Invariants (3D-ELMI) molecular descriptors as 3D molecular structure representational for ATS drugs. These descriptors are utilized as the dataset in this study. However, a large number of descriptors may cause performance degradation in the classifier. To complement this issue, this research applies three swarm algorithms with k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) classifier in the wrapper feature selection technique to ensure only relevant descriptors are selected for the ATS drug classification task. For this purpose, the binary version of swarm algorithms facilitated with the S-shaped or sigmoid transfer function known as binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), binary particle swarm optimization algorithm (BPSO), and new binary manta-ray foraging optimization algorithm (BMRFO) are developed for feature selection. Their performance is evaluated and compared based on seven performance criteria. Furthermore, the optimal feature subset was then evaluated with seven different classifiers. Findings from this study have revealed the dominance of BWOA by obtaining the highest classification accuracy with the small feature size.
The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The techni... more The campaign against drug abuse is fought by all countries, most notably on ATS drugs. The technical limitations of the current test kits to detect new brand of ATS drugs present a challenge to law enforcement authorities and forensic laboratories. Meanwhile, new molecular microscopy imaging devices which allowed mankind to characterize the physical 3D molecular structure have been recently introduced, and it can be used to remedy the limitations of existing drug test kits. Thus, a new type of 3D molecular structure representation technique should be developed to cater the 3D molecular structure acquired physically using these molecular imaging devices. One of the applications of image processing methods to represent a 3D image is 3D moments and moment invariants. However, since there are currently no repository or database available which provide the drugs imaging results obtained using these recent imaging devices, this paper proposes to construct the simulated 3D drugs molecular ...
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Internatio... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer International Publishing AG. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Similarity or distance measures have been used widely to calculate the similarity or dissimilarit... more Similarity or distance measures have been used widely to calculate the similarity or dissimilarity between two samples of dataset. Cheminformatics is known as the domain that dealing with chemical information and both similarity and distance coefficient ha ve been an important role for matching, searching and classification of chemical information. There are various types of similarity/distance coefficient used in molecular structure similarity searching. Generally, the calculation using similarity/distance coefficient is focusing more on 2dimensional (2D) rather than 3-dimensional (3D) structure. In this paper, the popular similarity/distance coefficients for molecular structure will be reviewed together with the review on 3D molecular structure.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2017
National development is constantly threatened by drug abuse. The chemical composition of the drug... more National development is constantly threatened by drug abuse. The chemical composition of the drugs heavily determines the results of identification process, which becomes more unreliable due to the introduction of new, sophisticated, and increasingly complex ATS analogues. The identification of the unique characteristics of molecular structure in ATS drug is very crucial. Therefore, this paper is meant for formulating a more precise 3D geometric moment invariants to represent the molecular structure. The performance of the proposed technique was analyzed using drug molecular structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime and also from various sources. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored and adapted to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
International Journal of Hybrid Intelligent Systems, 2013
ABSTRACT The uniqueness of shape and style of handwriting can be used to identify the significant... more ABSTRACT The uniqueness of shape and style of handwriting can be used to identify the significant features in confirming the author of writing. This paper is meant to propose a novel feature selection framework for Swarm Optimized and Computationally Inexpensive Floating Selection SOCIFS, by exploring existing feature selection frameworks, and compare the performance of proposed feature selection framework against various feature selection methods in Writer Identification in order to find the most significant features. The promising applicability of the proposed framework has been demonstrated in the result and worth to receive further exploration in identifying the handwritten authorship.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
The war on drug abuse involves all nations worldwide. Normally, molecular components are unique, ... more The war on drug abuse involves all nations worldwide. Normally, molecular components are unique, and thus the drugs can be identified based on it. However, this procedure started to be more unreliable with the introduction of new ATS molecular structures which are increasingly complex and sophisticated. Hence, unique characteristics of molecular structure of ATS drug must be accurately identified. Therefore, this paper is meant for formulating an exact 3D geometric moment invariants to represent the drug molecular structure. The performance of the proposed technique was analyzed using drug chemical structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and also from various sources. The evaluation shows the technique is qualified to be further explored and adapted in the future works to be fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2015
Drug abuse is a threat to national development. Generally, drugs can be identified based on the s... more Drug abuse is a threat to national development. Generally, drugs can be identified based on the structure of its molecular components. This procedure is becoming more unreliable with the introduction of new amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) molecular structures which are increasingly complex and sophisticated. An in-depth study is crucial to accurately identify the unique characteristics of molecular structure in ATS drug. Therefore, this chapter is meant for exploring the usage of shape descriptors (SD) to represent the drug molecular structure. Two-dimensional (2D) united moment invariant (UMI) and three-dimensional (3D) Zernike are selected and their performances are analyzed using drug chemical structures obtained from United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) and various sources. The evaluation identifies the most interesting method to be further explored and adapted in the future work to fully compatible with ATS drug identification domain.
2014 4th World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT 2014), 2014
Drug abuse among the people around the world is getting serious and increase nowadays. An Ampheta... more Drug abuse among the people around the world is getting serious and increase nowadays. An Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) drug is one of the popular drugs in the world. This kind of drug is a combination of two types of drugs; amphetamine and ecstasy. In this project, we are focusing on two different techniques used to compare the result between 2D and 3D ATS drug molecule. Besides that, this project is also looking for the best technique to produce 2D and 3D images. United Moment Invariant (UMI) and Hough Transform (HT) are the feature extraction methods that will be used to extract data from both 2D and 3D molecular structure of the ATS drugs. Later, the extracted data will be processed into WEKA for classification accuracies for both molecular structures. As a conclusion, the MI and the HT technique will definitely provide different results, but both techniques will perform well with the ATS molecular structure.
my Specific Swarm Sequential Selection (C 4 S 4). Experiments conducted to proof the validity and... more my Specific Swarm Sequential Selection (C 4 S 4). Experiments conducted to proof the validity and feasibility of the proposed framework using dataset from IAM Database by comparing the proposed framework to the existing Writer Identification framework and various feature selection techniques and frameworks yield satisfactory results. The results show the proposed framework produces the best result with 99.35% classification accuracy. The promising outcomes are opening the gate to future explorations in Writer Identification domain specifically and other domains generally.
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