OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulati... more OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the tender point of upper cervical as adjunctive therapy of fibromyalgia patients. STUDY DESIGN It is a randomized control trial study design STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted on 30 participants with the age group of 20-65 years upon females with clinically diagnosed condition of fibromyalgia in tertiary health care centre. METHODS In this study, all the participants were divided in to two groups, group 1 (N=15) and group 2 (N=15). Group 1(N=15), received TENS with exercise therapy and group 2 (N=15), received only exercise therapy. Both the groups received 4 sessions per week and in whole the participants were attended 32 sessions in eight weeks of duration. RESULT TENS with exercise group 1 (N=15) had a greater pain reduction (6.0±1.13) compared with only exercise group 2 (N=15) (6.2±1.1). There was no such huge difference between both the treatments program, ...
Humans have been altering wildlife habitats and wildlife behavior worldwide at an accelerated pac... more Humans have been altering wildlife habitats and wildlife behavior worldwide at an accelerated pace in recent decades. While it is well-understood how human-induced behavioral changes affect infectious disease risk in terrestrial wildlife, less is known in marine life. Here we examine this link in marine mammal populations by (1) conducting a systematic literature review to determine how human disturbances change marine mammal behavior in ways that can impact disease spread, and (2) examining how these behavioral changes might influence potential epidemics using a mathematical modeling framework. We find that human disturbances can influence marine mammal behavior in a way that increases their exposure and susceptibility to pathogens, as well as their infectivity, or ability to effectively shed pathogens and infect conspecifics. When these changes to exposure, susceptibility, and infectivity are applied in four different marine mammal case studies, epidemics are predicted to be large...
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulati... more OBJECTIVES Evaluate the effectiveness of high frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at the tender point of upper cervical as adjunctive therapy of fibromyalgia patients. STUDY DESIGN It is a randomized control trial study design STUDY SETTINGS & PARTICIPANTS The study was conducted on 30 participants with the age group of 20-65 years upon females with clinically diagnosed condition of fibromyalgia in tertiary health care centre. METHODS In this study, all the participants were divided in to two groups, group 1 (N=15) and group 2 (N=15). Group 1(N=15), received TENS with exercise therapy and group 2 (N=15), received only exercise therapy. Both the groups received 4 sessions per week and in whole the participants were attended 32 sessions in eight weeks of duration. RESULT TENS with exercise group 1 (N=15) had a greater pain reduction (6.0±1.13) compared with only exercise group 2 (N=15) (6.2±1.1). There was no such huge difference between both the treatments program, ...
Humans have been altering wildlife habitats and wildlife behavior worldwide at an accelerated pac... more Humans have been altering wildlife habitats and wildlife behavior worldwide at an accelerated pace in recent decades. While it is well-understood how human-induced behavioral changes affect infectious disease risk in terrestrial wildlife, less is known in marine life. Here we examine this link in marine mammal populations by (1) conducting a systematic literature review to determine how human disturbances change marine mammal behavior in ways that can impact disease spread, and (2) examining how these behavioral changes might influence potential epidemics using a mathematical modeling framework. We find that human disturbances can influence marine mammal behavior in a way that increases their exposure and susceptibility to pathogens, as well as their infectivity, or ability to effectively shed pathogens and infect conspecifics. When these changes to exposure, susceptibility, and infectivity are applied in four different marine mammal case studies, epidemics are predicted to be large...
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