Papers by Sandra Jaramillo
Obesity, 2007
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) may be a genetically influenced phenotype of overweight chi... more Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) may be a genetically influenced phenotype of overweight children, but evidence is limited. This research evaluated the heritability (h(2)) of EAH and its association with overweight among Hispanic children 5 to 18 years old. Genetic and environmental associations of EAH with overweight, fat mass, and key hormonal regulators of food intake were also evaluated. A family design was used to study 801 children from 300 Hispanic families. Weighed food intakes were used to measure EAH after an ad libitum dinner providing 50% of estimated energy needs. Fasting ghrelin, amylin, insulin, and leptin were measured by immunoassays. Measured heights, weights, and fat mass (using DXA) were obtained. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by room respiration calorimetry. On average, children consumed 41% of TEE at the dinner meal, followed by an additional 19% of TEE in the absence of hunger. Overweight children consumed 6.5% more energy at dinner (p < 0.001) and 14% more energy in the absence of hunger (p < 0.001) than non-overweight children. Significant heritabilities were seen for EAH (h(2) = 0.51) and dinner intake (h(2) = 0.52) and for fasting levels of ghrelin (h(2) = 0.67), amylin (h(2) = 0.37), insulin (h(2) = 0.37), and leptin (h(2) = 0.34). Genetic correlations were seen between eating behavior and fasting hormones, suggesting common underlying genes affecting their expression. This research provides new evidence that overweight Hispanic children exhibit elevated levels of hyperphagic eating behaviors that are influenced by genetic endowment.
American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2015
Reducing Latino preschoolers&... more Reducing Latino preschoolers' TV viewing is needed to reduce their risk of obesity and other chronic diseases. This study's objective was to evaluate the Fit 5 Kids (F5K) TV reduction program's impact on Latino preschooler's TV viewing. Cluster RCT with randomization at the center level and N=160 participants. Latino children aged 3-5 years and their parents were recruited from six Head Start centers in Houston TX in 2010-2012 with analyses in 2013-2014. F5K was culturally adapted for Latino preschoolers and the overall goal was to reduce TV viewing. Study staff taught F5K over 7-8 weeks during the regular Head Start day directly to intervention students. Control schools provided the usual Head Start curriculum, which did not specifically cover TV viewing. Individual-level outcomes were measured prior to (Time 1) and immediately following (Time 2) the intervention. The primary outcome, TV viewing (minutes/day), was measured by validated 7-day TV diaries (parent-reported). Sedentary time was measured by accelerometers. Per the adjusted repeated measures linear mixed effects model for TV viewing (minutes/day), intervention children decreased from 76.2 (9.9) at Time 1 to 52.1 (10.0) at Time 2, whereas control children remained about the same from 84.2 (10.5) at Time 1 to 85.4 (10.5) at Time 2. The relative difference from Time 1 to Time 2 was -25.3 (95% CI= -45.2, -5.4) minutes for intervention versus control children (N=160, p=0.01). In a similar adjusted model, there was a relative decrease in sedentary time (minutes/day) from Time 1 to Time 2 favoring the intervention children (-9.5, 95% CI= -23.0, 4.1), although not significant at p<0.05. F5K reduced Latino preschoolers' TV viewing by >25 minutes daily. These findings have implications for prevention of obesity, related disorders, and health equity. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01216306.
Euphorbia mosaic virus was purified from infected plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. Highest concen... more Euphorbia mosaic virus was purified from infected plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. Highest concentrations of virus particles were found in infected plant tissue between 10-12 days after inoculation. The enzyme driselase assisted in purification of the virus particles from the infected tissue yielding about 600 Mg/kg of plant material. Purified preparations showed a maximum absorption at 260-263 nm and the ratio of absorption at 260 and 280 nm was 1.4. The viral nucleic acid was digested by DNase I and Si Nuclease but not RNase A. A single coat protein with a MW of 32,000 d and two DNA bands with a MW 0.96 X IO* d (2870 nucleotides) and 0.90 X 10^ d (2700 nucleotides) were associated with the purified virus particles. Virus specific DNA was isolated from infected tissue between 7 and 15 days after inoculations.
Physiological Entomology, 2014
Obesity, 2007
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) may be a genetically influenced phenotype of overweight chi... more Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) may be a genetically influenced phenotype of overweight children, but evidence is limited. This research evaluated the heritability (h(2)) of EAH and its association with overweight among Hispanic children 5 to 18 years old. Genetic and environmental associations of EAH with overweight, fat mass, and key hormonal regulators of food intake were also evaluated. A family design was used to study 801 children from 300 Hispanic families. Weighed food intakes were used to measure EAH after an ad libitum dinner providing 50% of estimated energy needs. Fasting ghrelin, amylin, insulin, and leptin were measured by immunoassays. Measured heights, weights, and fat mass (using DXA) were obtained. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by room respiration calorimetry. On average, children consumed 41% of TEE at the dinner meal, followed by an additional 19% of TEE in the absence of hunger. Overweight children consumed 6.5% more energy at dinner (p < 0.001) and 14% more energy in the absence of hunger (p < 0.001) than non-overweight children. Significant heritabilities were seen for EAH (h(2) = 0.51) and dinner intake (h(2) = 0.52) and for fasting levels of ghrelin (h(2) = 0.67), amylin (h(2) = 0.37), insulin (h(2) = 0.37), and leptin (h(2) = 0.34). Genetic correlations were seen between eating behavior and fasting hormones, suggesting common underlying genes affecting their expression. This research provides new evidence that overweight Hispanic children exhibit elevated levels of hyperphagic eating behaviors that are influenced by genetic endowment.
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2005
The Leprosy Control Program of Antioquia, (post-elimination leprosy state of Colombia), had regis... more The Leprosy Control Program of Antioquia, (post-elimination leprosy state of Colombia), had registered by 1999, 56 lepromatous leprosy patients and their household contacts (HHC). Our interest was to detect Mycobacterium leprae infection in these HHC. Clinical examination, acid-fast bacillary staining (AFB) in nasal secretions, and slit skin samples, IgM anti-PGL-I in serum and Lepromine A (Mitsuda) reactivity were tested. Two hundred forty eight HHC were studied, 49% were male. After clinical examination, two HHC were diagnosed as multi bacillary patients; 13% showed positive IgM anti-PGL-I titers; Mitsuda reaction (≥ 4 mm) was positive in 59%; AFB was negative in all samples, except in the two new patients. HHC were classified according to test results. Group 1: two new multi bacillary patients. Group 2: 15 HHC seropositive, Mitsuda-negative. Group 3: 13 HHC seropositive, Mitsuda-positive. Group 4: 130 HHC seronegative, Mitsuda-positive. Group 5: 88 HHC seronegative, Mitsuda-negative. These results are an indication that the transmission of the infection is still happening in a region considered in the post elimination phase. The two new patients represent an infection source for others contacts, and groups 2 and 3 are infected HHC that could develop the disease in future. Follow up of high risk population is necessary to achieve real elimination of leprosy.
Journal of Phytopathology, 1986
Euphorbia mosaic virus was purified from infected plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. Highest concen... more Euphorbia mosaic virus was purified from infected plants of Nicotiana benthamiana. Highest concentrations of virus particles were found in infected plant tissue between 10-12 days after inoculation. The enzyme driselase assisted in purification of the virus particles from the infected tissue yielding about 600 Mg/kg of plant material. Purified preparations showed a maximum absorption at 260-263 nm and the ratio of absorption at 260 and 280 nm was 1.4. The viral nucleic acid was digested by DNase I and Si Nuclease but not RNase A. A single coat protein with a MW of 32,000 d and two DNA bands with a MW 0.96 X IO* d (2870 nucleotides) and 0.90 X 10^ d (2700 nucleotides) were associated with the purified virus particles. Virus specific DNA was isolated from infected tissue between 7 and 15 days after inoculations.
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2006
Objective-The objective of this study was to develop a computerized measure for assessing fruit, ... more Objective-The objective of this study was to develop a computerized measure for assessing fruit, fruit juice and vegetable (FJV) preferences of African-American (AA) and Hispanic (H) preschool children.
Appetite, 2006
Current feeding measures have been developed based on the premise that a child's obesity risk is ... more Current feeding measures have been developed based on the premise that a child's obesity risk is increased when parents exert high levels of control over feeding. Although these measures provide useful ways to assess parental restrictiveness in feeding, they do not capture other important aspects of feeding that describe the behavior of parents not overly concerned about child obesity. Alternative measures are important to develop, especially for minority populations where concerns about child obesity are often not a significant determinant of parental feeding practices. The current study describes a culturally informed method used to develop a broader assessment of parental feeding strategies across two low-income ethnic groups. To be able to accurately measure cultural differences associated with feeding, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to assure conceptual, linguistic, and measurement equivalency across African-American and Hispanic parents. Based on responses from 231 parents, mean differences in feeding strategies were found with Hispanic parents reporting significantly more parent-centered/high control and child-centered feeding strategies compared to African-Americans. Furthermore, the relationship between children's weight status and parental feeding strategies varied by the two ethnic groups and child gender. Implications of these results for understanding the role of parental socialization in the development of child obesity are discussed. q
os antecederam, devemos observar a pregação da Igreja que nos foi transmitida pela ordem de suces... more os antecederam, devemos observar a pregação da Igreja que nos foi transmitida pela ordem de sucessão desde os Apóstolos e que nela permanece até hoje, somente crendo naquela verdade que em nada discorde da tradição eclesiástica e apostólica.
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Papers by Sandra Jaramillo