Sandra Hirsch

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Papers by Sandra Hirsch

Índice Glicémico e Insulinemico De Dos Tipos De Pasta De Presentación Larga y Corta en Individuos Sanos

Revista chilena de nutrición, Dec 1, 2010

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Efecto del probiótico Saccharomyces boulardii en la prevención de la diarrea asociada con antibióticos en adultos ambulatorios en tratamiento con amoxicilina

Revista Medica De Chile, Aug 1, 2008

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Original / Síndrome metabólico Central obesity and not age increases skeletal muscle lipids, without influencing lean body mass and strength

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Efficacy of urine urea nitrogen measurement to assess the compliance with protein restricted diets

Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2019

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Effects of Long-term Vitamin E Supplementation on Cardiovascular Events and Cancer

JAMA, 2005

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Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 2011

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The Impact of Nutritional Supplementation and Resistance Training on the Health Functioning of Free-Living Chilean Elders: Results of 18 Months of Follow-up

Journal of Nutrition, Sep 1, 2001

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High-intensity interval training prevents muscle mass loss in overweight Chilean young adults during a hypocaloric-Mediterranean diet: a randomized trial

Frontiers in Nutrition, Jun 9, 2023

The hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) mainly reduces fat mass but inevitably causes a loss of s... more The hypocaloric Mediterranean diet (MD) mainly reduces fat mass but inevitably causes a loss of skeletal muscle mass. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) seems to have advantages in preserving muscle mass during a hypocaloric regime. Our study compares body composition and metabolic changes in overweight and obese Chilean women and men after 3 months of weight loss treatment with a Mediterranean-type hypocaloric diet, HIIT, or a combination of both. The study included 83 overweight or obese women and men between the ages of 25 and 50. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups: (1) MD, (2) EX, and (3) MD + EX. Baseline and post-intervention measurements included: (a) body composition by dual-beam densitometry, muscle, and fat measurements by thigh ultrasound and computed tomography; (b) handgrip and quadriceps muscle strength; (c) exercise performance by peak oxygen consumption, peak load, work efficiency, and exercise energy expenditure; and (d) metabolic parameters. Out of 83 participants, the retention rate was 49% due to low compliance with the interventions. As expected, the MD group resulted in significantly greater weight loss (MD −7%, EX −0.6% and MD + EX −5.3%) and appendicular fat mass loss (MD −11.1%, EX −2.9, MD + EX −10.2%) but was associated with significant lean tissue loss (2.8%), which was prevented by HIIT (EX −0.1 and MD + EX −0.6%). Metabolic and glycoxidative parameters remained unchanged, irrespective of changes in body composition. Hypocaloric diets remain the most effective means to lose weight and body fat. However, it induces a loss of lean body mass when not accompanied by exercise training. This study shows that HIIT prevents the loss of muscle mass caused by a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet.

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La mantención de peso en humanos: ¿podría ser equivalente a la restricción calórica de los modelos animales?

Revista médica de Chile, 2004

Weight maintenance in humans. Could it mimic calorie restriction of animal models? Background: En... more Weight maintenance in humans. Could it mimic calorie restriction of animal models? Background: Energy restriction (ER) extends life span in animals, by decreasing oxidative stress. Aim: To compare adiposity, metabolic variables and DNA oxidative damage, among adults, reporting a constant body weight (weight maintainers), versus those reporting a progressive increase (weight gainers). Subjects and Methods: Clinical history, dietary recall, anthropometric measures, abdominal CT scan and fasting blood samples (to measure lipoproteins, glucose and insulin), were obtained in 44 males. These subjects were classified as weight maintainers if they had a change in weight of 3 kg or less in the last 10 years, or weight gainers, if they had a weight increment of more than 6 kg in the same lapse. Oxidative damage was assessed by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in DNA extracted from circulating lymphocytes, in 5 weight maintainers, 8 weight gainers and 5 healthy elders. Results: Energy intake was 18% higher in weight gainers (p <0.01). Adiposity and central fat were higher among weight gainers (p <0.01). Abdominal fat correlated with serum lipoproteins, glucose and insulin sensitivity, assessed by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA). 8-OHdG levels did not differ between groups. Conclusions: The analysis of weight change based on the clinical history correlates with actual body composition, thus it may be a reliable indicator of long term energy intake. This method could be comparable to weight clamp models employed in animals to study aging (Rev Méd Chile 2004; 132: 1166-72).

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Effect of a Nutritional Supplementation on Bone Health in Chilean Elderly Subjects with Femoral Osteoporosis

Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2006

Objective: To study the effects of a special nutritional supplement on bone mineral density and b... more Objective: To study the effects of a special nutritional supplement on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in Chilean elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis. Setting: Public primary health care clinics in Chile. Subjects: Free living elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis. Interventions: Subjects were randomized to receive the usual nutritional supplement provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health or a special nutritional supplement providing, among other nutrients, 90 mg isoflavones, 800 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D, 60 ug vitamin K and 31 g proteins per day. Measures of Outcome: At baseline, and after six and twelve months of supplementation, body composition, bone mineral density, serum 25 OH vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteocalcin, decarboxylated osteocalcin, urinary aminoterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), deoxypyridoline cross links (Dpd) and equol were measured. Every month, urinary daidzein was measured in a morning urine sample. Results: No differences between treatment groups were observed in body composition or bone mineral density changes. The group receiving the special supplement had a significant increase in serum 25 OH vitamin D and a significant decrease in serum iPTH and decarboxylated osteocalcin. No association between daidzein or equol excretion and changes in bone mineralization was observed. Conclusions: A special supplement delivered to elderly subjects with osteoporosis improved serum vitamin D and reduced serum iPTH and undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels but did not affect BMD.

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Nutricion hospitalaria, 2015

to asses Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in healthy Chilean institutionalized or independently old... more to asses Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) in healthy Chilean institutionalized or independently older people Methods: twenty seven young (27-30 years), 27 institutionalized (> 65 years old) and 27 free-living older (> 65 years old) participants were studied. Body composition was estimated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity energy expenditure (AEE) and TEE were assessed using Actiheart accelerometers. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was applied and Timed Up and Go (TUG) was measured. AEE was 171, 320 and 497 kcal/day in institutionalized, free living older and young participants, respectively (p < 0.01 between young and older participants). Both absolute TEE and TEE/RMR was higher in young people. Multiple regression analysis accepted age, MNA and TUG as significant predictors of AEE (r2 = 0.24 p < 0.01). AEE and PAL were lower among older people, with no differences by institutionalization.

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La ingesta dietaria de carboximetillisina (CML) aumenta los niveles plasmáticos de este compuesto en pacientes diabéticos

Introduction: Advanced glycation end products are produced endogenously, in association with hype... more Introduction: Advanced glycation end products are produced endogenously, in association with hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. They can also be generated during cooking or food processing and, once absorbed, alter protein function and promote inflammation. Methods: We selected 40 healthy male subjects, 17 patients with type 2 diabetes of both sexes and 15 patients with type 1 diabetes of both sexes. Each participant underwent both a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-hour dietary recall specially adapted for measuring CML intake, anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure and biochemical parameters in blood and urine. Results: Serum CML levels were significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects (p 0.04), showing a direct relationship between dietary intake and serum levels of CML in T2D patients (r 0.53 p 0.03). sCML levels correlated positively with length of diabetes mellitus, and inversely with body mass index (BMI). The most important diet...

Predictive Equations Are Inaccurate to Assess Caloric Needs in Non-Caucasian Adults from Chile

Nutrition, 2020

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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$Research paper thumbnail of Nutritional status and energy expenditure in elderly patients with recent hip fracture during a 2-month follow-up$

Nutritional status and energy expenditure in elderly patients with recent hip fracture during a 2-month follow-up

British Journal of Nutrition, 2000

A 2-month follow-up of nutritional status was performed in forty elderly patients with recent hip... more A 2-month follow-up of nutritional status was performed in forty elderly patients with recent hip fracture. Patients were nutritionally assessed on admission to our rehabilitation unit (day 0), then monthly (day 30, day 60) by measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE), anthropometric, impedance and biological variables. Patients were defined as undernourished (n 13) or normally nourished (n 27) on the basis of mid-arm circumference (MAC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TST) measurements. Seven patients recovered a walking autonomy and were discharged from the hospital before day 30 (group I) whereas thirteen patients were discharged after day 30 (group II); twenty patients remained in the study at day 60 (group III). MAC and TST decreased in normally nourished patients from group III throughout the study whereas they did not change in group II or in undernourished patients from group III. REE values in relation to fat-free mass were increased compared with normal values and we...

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Overweight as a risk factor or a predictive sign of histological liver damage in alcoholics

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1988

This study analyzes whether increased body weight is related to histological liver damage in chro... more This study analyzes whether increased body weight is related to histological liver damage in chronic alcoholic patients. Data from 152 recently abstinent alcoholics without evidences of liver failure were analyzed. Liver biopsies were scored for the presence of fat, necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and Mallory material. Total histological score correlated significantly with body weight (BW), length of alcoholism (L), and age (A) but not with the amount of ethanol ingested (E). Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis with histological score as the dependent variable gave significant F values for BW and L but not for A. Patients with severe damage had higher BW than patients with mild damage. The group with BW greater than 110% showed a higher histological score. These results confirm the association between increased BW and liver damage in asymptomatic alcoholic patients suggesting that overweight is a risk factor for alcoholic liver disease.

Industry funding effect on positive results of probiotic use in the management of acute diarrhea: a systematized review

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2018

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Association between activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen consumption with sarcopenia

BMC Geriatrics, 2018

Background: Sedentariness may be an important risk factor for sarcopenia. The aim of this work wa... more Background: Sedentariness may be an important risk factor for sarcopenia. The aim of this work was to assess the association between muscle mass and strength and markers of usual physical activity such as activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen uptake. Methods: Young and old participants were assessed measuring body composition by DEXA (double beam X ray absorptiometry), handgrip strength, peak oxygen consumption and workload during an exercise calorimetry in a braked cycle ergometer and a 72 h activity energy expenditure using Actiheart actigraphs. A heart rate/energy expenditure curve derived from the exercise calorimetry was used to calibrate each actigraph. Sarcopenia was defined as having an appendicular fat free mass index below 7.5 kg/m 2 and 5.6 kg/m 2 in men and women respectively, or a handgrip strength z score below 1, using local normal data or having both parameters below the cutoff points. Results: We analyzed data from 192 assessments performed in participants aged 22 to 88 years (106 women). Sarcopenic participants (as determined by muscle mass, strength or both) had a significantly lower peak oxygen uptake and work load and a significantly lower activity energy expenditure. When analyzing lean mass and strength as continuous variables, peak oxygen consumption was a significant predictor of fat free mass in men. Among women, the association was observed only when percentage of muscle mass was expressed as a z score. Conclusions: Activity energy expenditure and peak oxygen consumption are associated with a lower muscle mass and the presence of sarcopenia and should be considered as risk factors for this condition.

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Sarcopenia: The need to establish different cutting points of fat-free mass for the Chilean population

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), Jan 11, 2018

International cutoff points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are not applicable to the Chilean pop... more International cutoff points for the diagnosis of sarcopenia are not applicable to the Chilean population due to previous evidence of a lower lean mass and strength in this population. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is used to establish fat-free mass cutoff points to define sarcopenia in the Chilean population and analyze its association with handgrip strength in older adults. Appendicular fat-free mass (AFFM) was calculated from 4062 dual-energy x-ray absorptiometries of healthy Chileans, ages 18 to 99 y. Possible cutoff points for sarcopenia were obtained using four methods: A) Normative, -2 standard deviation (SD) below mean AFFM/height (AFFMI) of adults age <40 y; B) normative -1 SD, -1 SD under the average AFFMI of adults age <40 y; C) stratification, 25th percentile of the residual distribution obtained with the regression equation to predict AFFM in the entire sample; and D) percentage, -2 SD under the average skeletal muscle mass/total body mass of individuals age &lt...

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Maximal expiratory pressure predicts mortality in patients hospitalized in medical and surgical wards

Nutricion hospitalaria, Jan 17, 2018

the prognostic value of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures on functional capacity and m... more the prognostic value of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures on functional capacity and mortality of hospitalized patients are not well established. to evaluate the prognostic value of respiratory pressures in hospitalized patients. patients admitted to a general hospital in Santiago-Chile were prospectively studied. Within 48 hours of admission, handgrip strength and inspiratory and expiratory pressures were measured. Subjective global assessment of nutritional status (SGA) was determined and Apache II score was calculated. Functional status was assessed using the Karnofski index. Patients were followed for a period of 30 days. Mortality and decline in functional capacity, defined as a reduction in at least two stages of the Karnofski index were determined. Normal values for handgrip strength and respiratory pressures were obtained in 366 healthy subjects aged 20 to 89 years, thus the results obtained in patients were expressed as age and sex matched z-scores. one hundred a...

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Deficient mitochondrial biogenesis in IL-2 activated NK cells correlates with impaired PGC1-α upregulation in elderly humans

Experimental gerontology, Jan 18, 2018

Immunosenescence has been described as age-associated changes in the immune function which are th... more Immunosenescence has been described as age-associated changes in the immune function which are thought to be responsible for the increased morbidity with age. Human Natural Killer (NK) cells are a specialized heterogeneous subpopulation of lymphocytes involved in immune defense against tumor and microbial diseases. Interestingly, aging-related NK cell dysfunction is associated with features of aging such as tumor incidence, reduced vaccination efficacy, and short survival due to infection. It is known that NK cell effector functions are critically dependent on cytokines and metabolic activity. Our aim was to determine whether there is a difference in purified human NK cell function in response to high concentration of IL-2 between young and elder donors. Here, we report that the stimulation of human NK cells with IL-2 (2000 U/mL) enhance NK cell cytotoxic activity from both young and elderly donors. However, while NK cells from young people responded to IL-2 signaling by increasing ...

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Índice Glicémico e Insulinemico De Dos Tipos De Pasta De Presentación Larga y Corta en Individuos Sanos

Revista chilena de nutrición, Dec 1, 2010

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Efecto del probiótico Saccharomyces boulardii en la prevención de la diarrea asociada con antibióticos en adultos ambulatorios en tratamiento con amoxicilina

Revista Medica De Chile, Aug 1, 2008

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Original / Síndrome metabólico Central obesity and not age increases skeletal muscle lipids, without influencing lean body mass and strength

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Efficacy of urine urea nitrogen measurement to assess the compliance with protein restricted diets

Nutrición Hospitalaria, 2019

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