Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) promise to increase road safety, enhance road transportation e... more Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) promise to increase road safety, enhance road transportation efficiency and offer new communication-based services to road users. However, VANETs based on the European and American standards suffer from limited scalability due to poor robustness to radio channel congestion. At present, most works on congestion mitigation are based on transmit power control, while alternative approaches such as transmit data rate control are less popular. In this paper, transmit power control and transmit data rate control are compared, showing that the latter outperforms the former in a number of test scenarios, and particularly when channel congestion concerns a localized cluster of vehicles. The analysis is focused on the tradeoff between channel congestion mitigation and vehicles broadcast performance. Moreover, this work considers the decisive influence of congestion spatial distribution on the effectiveness of the compared approaches.
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a practical approach to address how micro-mobility can be prov... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a practical approach to address how micro-mobility can be provided in an efficient way with continuous quality of service (QoS) support. Our proposal is based on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and mobile IP and relies on two-level hierarchy architecture. It supports two protocol variants. First, the fast handoff process, which anticipates the LSP procedure setup with an adjacent neighbor subnet that a mobile node (MN) is likely to visit, is provided to reduce service disruption. Second, a new mechanism based on a master forwarding chain concept is proposed to track efficiently the host mobility within a domain. Our concept can significantly reduce the total signaling cost and provide low handoff latency. This can be achieved by dynamically controlling the number of registration updates with the root of the domain according to a cost comparison. Analytical models are developed and simulations are conducted to justify the benefits of our proposed mechanisms
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 13, 2016
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is crucial in platooning configurations to ensure lateral ... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is crucial in platooning configurations to ensure lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle trajectory and thus must be reliable. Though radio frequency (RF) systems are widely used for their numerous qualities, their performances can be severely degraded in dense traffic scenario. Visible light communication (VLC), which is not as sensible, could be used as a complementary technology. In this work, a simple and low-cost VLC system suitable for V2V communications is presented. An off-the-shelf central stop lamp, composed of six low-power light-emitting diodes (LED), is used as emitter whereas a photodiode (PD) coupled with an analog processing circuit is used as receiver. This system provides, at a rate of 100 kbps and without errors, a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 100% over 4.5 m and 77% over 6 m while keeping the transmission latency under 6 ms and is thus compatible with platooning applications.
Cellular IPv6 is an efficient IP micro-mobility protocol that provides important features such as... more Cellular IPv6 is an efficient IP micro-mobility protocol that provides important features such as easy global migration, cheap passive connectivity, efficient location management and routing, and flexible handover. However, Cellular IPv6 presents some problems when dealing with intra-domain traffic. In this paper, we propose an enhanced uplink routing mechanism coupled with a study of a smooth handover for intra-domain traffic. Simulation is carried out in order to show the performance results.
Shuttle buses are deployed on roads for public transportation. In order to track their location a... more Shuttle buses are deployed on roads for public transportation. In order to track their location and guarantee high levels of safety, these vehicles communicate with a monitoring center through a vehicular network. This messages exchange requires a low latency communication, with no interruption and with a reduced packets loss. In this case, the mobility management should be studied carefully. This paper proposes a handover scheme (FSH) based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. FSH provides a soft handover by adopting mobility anticipation and using both vehicle interfaces simultaneously. Moreover, FSH achieves control signaling overhead reduction and network congestion alleviation. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed algorithm reduces handover losses and end to end communication delays.
In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism, which allows information exchange between an entity ... more In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism, which allows information exchange between an entity in the Internet and a fleet of vehicles in on a road section. For this type of information exchange, a hybrid communication, IP- and Geo-networking, is necessary. Moreover, to ensure the fluidity of communication, mobility management is paramount. While remaining in the Mobile IP framework, our approach builds valid IP addresses that contain the destination geographical area making it possible to handle both the IP-networking from the Internet to the roadside and GeoNetworking on the road. In comparison to the Mobile IP, the proposed approach has a lower signaling overhead. This is done by partitioning the road into routing areas (RA) in such a way that an access to the Internet is done via a Road Side Unit Foreign Agent gateway (RSU-FA), which represents a RA and manages communications to/from the RA. A RA has a number of RSUs, which together with the RSU-FA constitutes a mesh network. A theoretical model is built to compare the performances of our solution, called GeoMIP, against those of a Mobile IP. The results reveal that GeoMIP greatly reduces communication overhead in comparison to Mobile IP.
Visible light communication (VLC) is advocated as a promising technology designed for ubiquitous ... more Visible light communication (VLC) is advocated as a promising technology designed for ubiquitous broadband connectivity. This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of VLC-based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a vehicle platoon. We perform mathematical modeling validated by the simulation to determine the probability of failure, usable throughput, virtual service time and activity period of interfering vehicles. The performance results show a very detailed study on the performance of VLC in the presence of disturbing vehicles. VLC technology is considered an effective technique for platoons, which are affected by interfering vehicles.
This paper provides a V2X slicing logical architecture based on Software Defined Networking. We d... more This paper provides a V2X slicing logical architecture based on Software Defined Networking. We devote a special concern to inter-slice mobility management. In this context, we propose a complete mobility solution that handles resources management through the use of bargaining games enhanced by a heuristic and particular swarm optimization algorithm. More specifically, this work proposes a resource borrowing scheme to readjust resources of an overloaded slice in case of a inter-slice handover. The borrowing procedure is modeled via two bargaining games. Performance analysis shows that our proposed solution guarantees fairness between V2X slices, reduces the probability of call dropping and blocking probabilities and enhances resource utilization. Moreover, a comparative study between the proposed games is provided and analyzed.
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that separates control and data plane. ... more Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that separates control and data plane. This technology will be a key component in designing 5G networks that involve essentially higher capacity and lower latency. With SDN, traffic and network devices are controlled using SDN centralized controllers. Several studies denoted the limitation of using one controller in a large-scale network and advocated the use of multiple controllers. The main problem appears in the placement of these controllers in the network, while considering several criterion such as latency, network load and connectivity. To this end, our work solves the controller placement problem and deals with network load using dynamic switch migration algorithm. The validation of the algorithm and the performance analysis showed that the proposed topology is stable and presents a reduced number of load balancing occurrences.
Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles ... more Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles are supposed to communicate with a tele-operation station in order to exchange surrounding videos and traffic information. This communication is achieved through a vehicular network, and it requires low latency and high reliability. To this end, the mobility management should be studied carefully. This paper devises a mobility management scheme for a tele-operated driving use case based on the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The proposed scheme provides handover anticipation in order to guarantee a low-latency and a seamless mobility. During the anticipation phase, the target network is selected relying on a specific sigmoid utility function and game theory, aiming at fulfilling user satisfaction and achieving load balancing. Once the selection is finalized, a routing strategy is proposed in order to reduce control signaling overhead and network congestion. Soft handover execution is performed seamlessly using two interfaces of the vehicle simultaneously. Performance analysis shows that our approach provides several improvements in terms of network load alleviation, and it reduces handover delays and losses.
The communication between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System ... more The communication between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is referred by Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. V2X applications requirements raise outstanding challenges for 5G systems. Network slicing is a prominent solution to support 5G V2X challenges, by providing the ability to create isolated virtual networks over which different traffic flows can travel isolated from each others. One of the most challenging issues in V2X network slicing environment is the mobility management. To this end, this paper provides a mobility management algorithm based on a V2X slicing architecture by implementing a network slice selection function. The effectiveness of our proposal is validated via simulation experiments.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2006
In this paper, we propose an analytical approach to study the handoff performance of a wireless s... more In this paper, we propose an analytical approach to study the handoff performance of a wireless system with a new micro-mobility support called Micro Mobile MPLS. Our scheme includes two protocol variants. First, the fast handoff process, which anticipates the LSP procedure setup with an adjacent neighbor subnet that an mobile node (MN) is likely to visit, is provided to reduce service disruption. Second, a new mechanism based on the forwarding chain concept is proposed to track efficiently the host mobility whithin a domain. This concept can significantly reduce the registration updates cost and provide low handoff latency and packet loss rate. Analytical models, which capture the mobility behavior of an MN, are developed for cost analysis. Numerical and simulation results are given to justify the benefits of our proposed mechanisms.
Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles ... more Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles are supposed to communicate with a remote control station in order to exchange surrounding videos and location information. This communication is achieved through a vehicular network, and it requires low latency and high reliability. To this end, the handover management should be studied carefully. This paper devises a mobility management scheme for vehicular networks based on the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The proposed scheme provides handover anticipation in order to guarantee a low-latency and a seamless handover. In addition, it proposes a strategy that aims at reducing control signaling overhead and network congestion. Performance analysis show that our approach reduces handover delays and losses.
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications refer to information exchange between vehicles and var... more Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications refer to information exchange between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This communication enables a variety of V2X use cases with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The messages exchange is achieved through a vehicular network that allows the coexistence of various radio access technologies. In this heterogeneous environment, the choice of the technology to deploy is a primordial issue in order to guarantee the QoS needs of V2X applications.This paper provides a network selection framework for V2X use cases based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. The proposed solution is implemented as a SDN application running on top of the SDN controller. Network selection relies on a specific sigmoid utility function and game theory aiming at fulfilling user satisfaction and achieving load balancing.Simulation results show that our framework provides several improvements in terms of QoS guarantee and network load alleviation.
This paper addresses the vertical handover (VHO) decision for vehicle platoons in heterogeneous v... more This paper addresses the vertical handover (VHO) decision for vehicle platoons in heterogeneous vehicle networks. In fact, in this context, a vehicular on-board unit may be attached to different radio frequency technologies. More specifically, we consider that a vertical handover should be triggered by the degradation of the quality of service (QoS) level due to disruptive vehicles. In this context, we propose a vertical handover decision based on different machine learning techniques. We elaborate a detailed review of various machine learning techniques and prove that the random forest is the most appropriate technique for our considered scenario.
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) promise to increase road safety, enhance road transportation e... more Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) promise to increase road safety, enhance road transportation efficiency and offer new communication-based services to road users. However, VANETs based on the European and American standards suffer from limited scalability due to poor robustness to radio channel congestion. At present, most works on congestion mitigation are based on transmit power control, while alternative approaches such as transmit data rate control are less popular. In this paper, transmit power control and transmit data rate control are compared, showing that the latter outperforms the former in a number of test scenarios, and particularly when channel congestion concerns a localized cluster of vehicles. The analysis is focused on the tradeoff between channel congestion mitigation and vehicles broadcast performance. Moreover, this work considers the decisive influence of congestion spatial distribution on the effectiveness of the compared approaches.
ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a practical approach to address how micro-mobility can be prov... more ABSTRACT In this paper, we propose a practical approach to address how micro-mobility can be provided in an efficient way with continuous quality of service (QoS) support. Our proposal is based on multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) and mobile IP and relies on two-level hierarchy architecture. It supports two protocol variants. First, the fast handoff process, which anticipates the LSP procedure setup with an adjacent neighbor subnet that a mobile node (MN) is likely to visit, is provided to reduce service disruption. Second, a new mechanism based on a master forwarding chain concept is proposed to track efficiently the host mobility within a domain. Our concept can significantly reduce the total signaling cost and provide low handoff latency. This can be achieved by dynamically controlling the number of registration updates with the root of the domain according to a cost comparison. Analytical models are developed and simulations are conducted to justify the benefits of our proposed mechanisms
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Oct 13, 2016
Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is crucial in platooning configurations to ensure lateral ... more Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is crucial in platooning configurations to ensure lateral and longitudinal control of the vehicle trajectory and thus must be reliable. Though radio frequency (RF) systems are widely used for their numerous qualities, their performances can be severely degraded in dense traffic scenario. Visible light communication (VLC), which is not as sensible, could be used as a complementary technology. In this work, a simple and low-cost VLC system suitable for V2V communications is presented. An off-the-shelf central stop lamp, composed of six low-power light-emitting diodes (LED), is used as emitter whereas a photodiode (PD) coupled with an analog processing circuit is used as receiver. This system provides, at a rate of 100 kbps and without errors, a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of 100% over 4.5 m and 77% over 6 m while keeping the transmission latency under 6 ms and is thus compatible with platooning applications.
Cellular IPv6 is an efficient IP micro-mobility protocol that provides important features such as... more Cellular IPv6 is an efficient IP micro-mobility protocol that provides important features such as easy global migration, cheap passive connectivity, efficient location management and routing, and flexible handover. However, Cellular IPv6 presents some problems when dealing with intra-domain traffic. In this paper, we propose an enhanced uplink routing mechanism coupled with a study of a smooth handover for intra-domain traffic. Simulation is carried out in order to show the performance results.
Shuttle buses are deployed on roads for public transportation. In order to track their location a... more Shuttle buses are deployed on roads for public transportation. In order to track their location and guarantee high levels of safety, these vehicles communicate with a monitoring center through a vehicular network. This messages exchange requires a low latency communication, with no interruption and with a reduced packets loss. In this case, the mobility management should be studied carefully. This paper proposes a handover scheme (FSH) based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. FSH provides a soft handover by adopting mobility anticipation and using both vehicle interfaces simultaneously. Moreover, FSH achieves control signaling overhead reduction and network congestion alleviation. The performance evaluation shows that our proposed algorithm reduces handover losses and end to end communication delays.
In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism, which allows information exchange between an entity ... more In this paper, we propose a novel mechanism, which allows information exchange between an entity in the Internet and a fleet of vehicles in on a road section. For this type of information exchange, a hybrid communication, IP- and Geo-networking, is necessary. Moreover, to ensure the fluidity of communication, mobility management is paramount. While remaining in the Mobile IP framework, our approach builds valid IP addresses that contain the destination geographical area making it possible to handle both the IP-networking from the Internet to the roadside and GeoNetworking on the road. In comparison to the Mobile IP, the proposed approach has a lower signaling overhead. This is done by partitioning the road into routing areas (RA) in such a way that an access to the Internet is done via a Road Side Unit Foreign Agent gateway (RSU-FA), which represents a RA and manages communications to/from the RA. A RA has a number of RSUs, which together with the RSU-FA constitutes a mesh network. A theoretical model is built to compare the performances of our solution, called GeoMIP, against those of a Mobile IP. The results reveal that GeoMIP greatly reduces communication overhead in comparison to Mobile IP.
Visible light communication (VLC) is advocated as a promising technology designed for ubiquitous ... more Visible light communication (VLC) is advocated as a promising technology designed for ubiquitous broadband connectivity. This paper focuses on evaluating the performance of VLC-based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication in a vehicle platoon. We perform mathematical modeling validated by the simulation to determine the probability of failure, usable throughput, virtual service time and activity period of interfering vehicles. The performance results show a very detailed study on the performance of VLC in the presence of disturbing vehicles. VLC technology is considered an effective technique for platoons, which are affected by interfering vehicles.
This paper provides a V2X slicing logical architecture based on Software Defined Networking. We d... more This paper provides a V2X slicing logical architecture based on Software Defined Networking. We devote a special concern to inter-slice mobility management. In this context, we propose a complete mobility solution that handles resources management through the use of bargaining games enhanced by a heuristic and particular swarm optimization algorithm. More specifically, this work proposes a resource borrowing scheme to readjust resources of an overloaded slice in case of a inter-slice handover. The borrowing procedure is modeled via two bargaining games. Performance analysis shows that our proposed solution guarantees fairness between V2X slices, reduces the probability of call dropping and blocking probabilities and enhances resource utilization. Moreover, a comparative study between the proposed games is provided and analyzed.
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that separates control and data plane. ... more Software Defined Networking (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that separates control and data plane. This technology will be a key component in designing 5G networks that involve essentially higher capacity and lower latency. With SDN, traffic and network devices are controlled using SDN centralized controllers. Several studies denoted the limitation of using one controller in a large-scale network and advocated the use of multiple controllers. The main problem appears in the placement of these controllers in the network, while considering several criterion such as latency, network load and connectivity. To this end, our work solves the controller placement problem and deals with network load using dynamic switch migration algorithm. The validation of the algorithm and the performance analysis showed that the proposed topology is stable and presents a reduced number of load balancing occurrences.
Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles ... more Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles are supposed to communicate with a tele-operation station in order to exchange surrounding videos and traffic information. This communication is achieved through a vehicular network, and it requires low latency and high reliability. To this end, the mobility management should be studied carefully. This paper devises a mobility management scheme for a tele-operated driving use case based on the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The proposed scheme provides handover anticipation in order to guarantee a low-latency and a seamless mobility. During the anticipation phase, the target network is selected relying on a specific sigmoid utility function and game theory, aiming at fulfilling user satisfaction and achieving load balancing. Once the selection is finalized, a routing strategy is proposed in order to reduce control signaling overhead and network congestion. Soft handover execution is performed seamlessly using two interfaces of the vehicle simultaneously. Performance analysis shows that our approach provides several improvements in terms of network load alleviation, and it reduces handover delays and losses.
The communication between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System ... more The communication between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is referred by Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. V2X applications requirements raise outstanding challenges for 5G systems. Network slicing is a prominent solution to support 5G V2X challenges, by providing the ability to create isolated virtual networks over which different traffic flows can travel isolated from each others. One of the most challenging issues in V2X network slicing environment is the mobility management. To this end, this paper provides a mobility management algorithm based on a V2X slicing architecture by implementing a network slice selection function. The effectiveness of our proposal is validated via simulation experiments.
2006 IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2006
In this paper, we propose an analytical approach to study the handoff performance of a wireless s... more In this paper, we propose an analytical approach to study the handoff performance of a wireless system with a new micro-mobility support called Micro Mobile MPLS. Our scheme includes two protocol variants. First, the fast handoff process, which anticipates the LSP procedure setup with an adjacent neighbor subnet that an mobile node (MN) is likely to visit, is provided to reduce service disruption. Second, a new mechanism based on the forwarding chain concept is proposed to track efficiently the host mobility whithin a domain. This concept can significantly reduce the registration updates cost and provide low handoff latency and packet loss rate. Analytical models, which capture the mobility behavior of an MN, are developed for cost analysis. Numerical and simulation results are given to justify the benefits of our proposed mechanisms.
Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles ... more Tele-operated driving is a transition phase to the deployment of fully autonomous cars. Vehicles are supposed to communicate with a remote control station in order to exchange surrounding videos and location information. This communication is achieved through a vehicular network, and it requires low latency and high reliability. To this end, the handover management should be studied carefully. This paper devises a mobility management scheme for vehicular networks based on the Software Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. The proposed scheme provides handover anticipation in order to guarantee a low-latency and a seamless handover. In addition, it proposes a strategy that aims at reducing control signaling overhead and network congestion. Performance analysis show that our approach reduces handover delays and losses.
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications refer to information exchange between vehicles and var... more Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications refer to information exchange between vehicles and various elements of the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This communication enables a variety of V2X use cases with different Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The messages exchange is achieved through a vehicular network that allows the coexistence of various radio access technologies. In this heterogeneous environment, the choice of the technology to deploy is a primordial issue in order to guarantee the QoS needs of V2X applications.This paper provides a network selection framework for V2X use cases based on Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. The proposed solution is implemented as a SDN application running on top of the SDN controller. Network selection relies on a specific sigmoid utility function and game theory aiming at fulfilling user satisfaction and achieving load balancing.Simulation results show that our framework provides several improvements in terms of QoS guarantee and network load alleviation.
This paper addresses the vertical handover (VHO) decision for vehicle platoons in heterogeneous v... more This paper addresses the vertical handover (VHO) decision for vehicle platoons in heterogeneous vehicle networks. In fact, in this context, a vehicular on-board unit may be attached to different radio frequency technologies. More specifically, we consider that a vertical handover should be triggered by the degradation of the quality of service (QoS) level due to disruptive vehicles. In this context, we propose a vertical handover decision based on different machine learning techniques. We elaborate a detailed review of various machine learning techniques and prove that the random forest is the most appropriate technique for our considered scenario.
Uploads
Papers by Samir Tohmé