To assess the current status of antidotes in hospital formulary & their comparison with list of a... more To assess the current status of antidotes in hospital formulary & their comparison with list of antidotes mentioned in National Essential Drug List (NEDL). Evaluation of treatments for poisoned patients and establishment of Poison Control Center (PCC). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Different Government and Private Hospitals of Lahore. Period: 02 months (August 2015-September 2016). Material and Methods: A detailed questionnaire was prepared for the collection of data. Data was illustrated as graphs and tables. Results: All antidotes mentioned in NEDL are present not in a single hospital of Lahore. Atropine (87%), Flumazenil (80%), Magnesium Sulphate (80%) were present in majority of the hospitals. On the contrary, Penicillamine, Obidoxime and Sodium Thiosulphate were obsolete in all hospitals. Although antidotes were not fully available in both government and private hospitals of Lahore but the situation is worse in case of private hospitals. Conclusion: High cost and late procurement are the reasons for Delay in treatment of poisoned patients. Not a single Poison Control Center is present in Lahore. Affirmative actions should be taken to improve the accessibility of antidotes in hospitals. There is emergent need to establish Poison Control Center.
Abstract The particle loaded composites are being used widely for tailored properties, however, t... more Abstract The particle loaded composites are being used widely for tailored properties, however, the particles tend to create concentration gradient along part length during infusion. Keeping in view the limitations of existing characterisation approaches, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is used as a macroscopic tool to measure particle filtration for the first time. Composite plates were fabricated by VIM (Vacuum Infusion Moulding) process from glass woven fabric and vinyl ester resin containing silica microparticles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). CTE was determined at different positions from composite samples. It was found that the CTE was low at the inlet indicating a high particle concentration. A gradual decrease in the particle concentration was observed from the inlet towards the outlet. The variation of CTE due to the gradient of particle concentration was validated using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Both the experimental and numerical results show a similar global trend, i.e. CTE is decreasing with increase in the particle concentration. Hence the CTE can be effectively used as a qualitative tool for the measurement of particle filtration in the composite part produced by vacuum infusion.
To assess the current status of antidotes in hospital formulary & their comparison with list of a... more To assess the current status of antidotes in hospital formulary & their comparison with list of antidotes mentioned in National Essential Drug List (NEDL). Evaluation of treatments for poisoned patients and establishment of Poison Control Center (PCC). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Different Government and Private Hospitals of Lahore. Period: 02 months (August 2015-September 2016). Material and Methods: A detailed questionnaire was prepared for the collection of data. Data was illustrated as graphs and tables. Results: All antidotes mentioned in NEDL are present not in a single hospital of Lahore. Atropine (87%), Flumazenil (80%), Magnesium Sulphate (80%) were present in majority of the hospitals. On the contrary, Penicillamine, Obidoxime and Sodium Thiosulphate were obsolete in all hospitals. Although antidotes were not fully available in both government and private hospitals of Lahore but the situation is worse in case of private hospitals. Conclusion: High cost and late procurement are the reasons for Delay in treatment of poisoned patients. Not a single Poison Control Center is present in Lahore. Affirmative actions should be taken to improve the accessibility of antidotes in hospitals. There is emergent need to establish Poison Control Center.
Abstract The particle loaded composites are being used widely for tailored properties, however, t... more Abstract The particle loaded composites are being used widely for tailored properties, however, the particles tend to create concentration gradient along part length during infusion. Keeping in view the limitations of existing characterisation approaches, thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) is used as a macroscopic tool to measure particle filtration for the first time. Composite plates were fabricated by VIM (Vacuum Infusion Moulding) process from glass woven fabric and vinyl ester resin containing silica microparticles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%). CTE was determined at different positions from composite samples. It was found that the CTE was low at the inlet indicating a high particle concentration. A gradual decrease in the particle concentration was observed from the inlet towards the outlet. The variation of CTE due to the gradient of particle concentration was validated using COMSOL Multiphysics®. Both the experimental and numerical results show a similar global trend, i.e. CTE is decreasing with increase in the particle concentration. Hence the CTE can be effectively used as a qualitative tool for the measurement of particle filtration in the composite part produced by vacuum infusion.
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