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Magdi Salih

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Papers by Magdi Salih

Microwave irradiation exposure enhancing melanin staining quality and act as time reducing factor in the Masson-Fontana method

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2021

This study was to evaluate the effects of microwave device in melanin pigment staining procedures... more

Prevalence of anemia among Saudi patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in King Faisal Hospital, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE, 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly di... more Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancies at King Faisal Hospital in Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to March 2020. A total of 320 patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancy were examined to assess anemia prevalence. Results Of 320 patients with solid cancers, 245 (76.6%) were female and 75 (23.4%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of 57 (45 ─ 66) years, range between 16 and 108 years. The types of cancer included were breast (29.1%), female genital tract (20.0%), colorectal (25.3%), head and neck (10.3%), urinary bladder (4.7%), prostate (5.0%), lung (2.5%), liver (2.2%) and lymphoma (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia at diagnosis of cancer was 44.1% across all cancer types. A higher anemia prevalence was noted in colorectal (n = 46/81, 56.8%) (p = 0.047). Conclusion Patients with...

Human Papillomavirus Types and Cervical Cancer Vaccine for Sudanese Women: A Review

European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019

Cervical cancer is thought to result from different high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. A... more Cervical cancer is thought to result from different high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Although many studies have been conducted worldwide regarding HPV infection and its oncogenic properties, limited data are available on the incidence and genotype specific dissemination of HPV in Sudan. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the existing data regarding HPV genotypes in Sudan. To review the distribution of HPV infections, electronic databases (e.g. PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer reviewed articles in English. The study was performed between January and April of 2019 and comprises a review of six relevant articles that were published prior to 2013. Inclusion criteria included: availability of general population data, cytology and tissue results and the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV detection. The overall infection rate of high-risk HPVs DNA was 173/506 (34%) and within the tissues ranged between 93 and 94% (all the paraffin sections were cancer and precancerous cases). The HPV genotyping in cervical smears were found to range from 2.9% to 50.0%, with the most prevalent types of HPV being 16 (2.9-50.0%), 18 (0-3.4%), 58 (2.9%), and 42 (2.9%). Familiarity of the frequent high risk HPV genotypes found in Sudan, which had a high prevalence of cervical cancer, is essential in order to construct an applicable genotype of the virus in the HPV vaccine. The commercially available vaccines do not prevent infection of the HPV types not contained in the vaccine. Based on this literature, it is clear that the nine-valent HPV vaccine should be considered in Sudan.

Expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Cytokeratin 18 and 19 in Placentas of Women with Severe Preeclampsia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020

BACKGROUND: Although the exact mechanism leading to preeclampsia is not fully understood, abnorma... more BACKGROUND: Although the exact mechanism leading to preeclampsia is not fully understood, abnormal trophoblast invasion contributes to its pathogenesis. Keratins and cadherin are known to play roles in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation. However, studies describing the association between keratins, cadherin, and preeclampsia are limited. AIM: The current study was conducted to investigate the association of these proteins with severe preeclampsia in Sudanese women. METHODS: A case–control study was conducted at Madani Maternity Hospital, Sudan. The cases included women with severe preeclampsia (n = 56) and healthy pregnant women as controls (n = 56). The assessment of keratin and cadherin was performed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in their mean age or parity. We found no significant differences in the expression of the markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, or cytokeratin 18 and 19 in the placentas from ind...

An Association Between Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Prostate Cancer

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is a momentous health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer in Sudan is ... more Background: Prostate cancer is a momentous health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer in Sudan is the third most common cancer type. The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in prostatic tumors is still not fully understood. The findings of studies testing the association between HER2/neu expression and prostate cancer have been inconsistent. Objectives: To demonstrate the association between ages, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and prostate cancer. Design: Retrospective.

Demonstration of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Colorectal Cancer Using Feulgen reaction

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2020

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy among Saudis. Cells derived... more Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy among Saudis. Cells derived from many human malignant tissues have altered chromatin content and structure. The cellular Feulgen DNA content of malignant tissues is typically altered. Here we investigate the relationship between nuclear DNA content in colorectal carcinoma. Objectives: To demonstrate DNA in colorectal cancer cells using Feulgen reaction, and to determine the association between colon cancer grade and cellular DNA content. Design: Retrospective. Settings: Taif city-King Abdul Aziz specialized hospital. Patients and methods: Sections were stained with the Hematoxylin and Eosin method and the Feulgen reaction method for DNA demonstration. Sample size: Paraffin sections from 50 patients previously diagnosed with colon cancer were included in this study. Results: The histopathological diagnosis showed that 82% were adenocarcinoma cases, 18% had benign tumors. Regarding cancer grading, 56% of cases had moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 18% had low differentiated adenocarcinoma, 6% had high differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 2% had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The staining intensity of the Feulgen reaction showed that 46% of tissue sections had intense staining, 22% had medium staining, and 14% had results comparable to control staining. We detected no significant associations between the cancer grade and age group, gender, or result of Feulgen reaction. Conclusion: DNA demonstration using the Feulgen reaction is a simple and successfully estimated in this study. However, the correlations between DNA staining and several clinicopathological factors were not statistically significant. We recommend that DNA staining should be combined with routine histopathological examination for better understanding of patients' clinical malignant potential of the colorectal cancer.

Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma

Biochemistry Research International, 2020

Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is... more Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification. The decalcification process must ensure complete removal of calcium and also a proper preservation of tissue and microorganisms’ staining ability. Objectives. To compare the conventional method used in decalcification with the microwave method using different decalcification solutions. Different characteristics were tested, including the speed of decalcification and morphological and fungal preservation in bone tissue affected with mycetoma. Materials and Methods. Three decalcification solutions were employed to remove calcium from 50 bone tissue samples affected with mycetoma, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid. Conventional and microwave methods were used. Haemato...

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in early-diagnosed cancer patients: A cross-sectional study

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2020

Background: Vitamin D roles in human health and wellbeing have been extensively studied in the re... more Background: Vitamin D roles in human health and wellbeing have been extensively studied in the recent years. It has essential roles in homeostasis and maintaining many physiological functions. These roles are vital in immune system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and reproductive system. Deficiency in this vitamin has been correlated with many diseases in the body, and it has been correlated with developing cancer. Objective: This study aimed to investigate levels of total vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in cancer patients. Design: Retrospective. Settings: Taif city-king Faisal Hospital (KFH). Patients and methods: Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were classified into normal, insufficient, and deficiency group, patients were grouped according to these classes.156 patients were included in this study, 128 females and 28 males, 100 healthy participants were included. Cancer patients were as follows, gastrointestinal tract cancer patients were 27, breast cancer patients were 73, female genital tract patients were 43, head and neck cancer patients were 6 and respiratory tract patients were 7. Sample size: 256 participants were 100 healthy controls and 156 cancer patients. Results: Deficiency was detected in most of the patients from both genders, and in both pre-and post-menopausal female patients. Conclusion: These findings support the belief that deficiency in vitamin D is a risk factor leading to development of cancer.

Feulgen Reaction as a Marker for Identifying Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Andrology-Open Access, 2019

Mucin histochemical profile in a variety of human colonic non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions

IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology, 2019

Mucin deregulation occurs in gastrointestinal lesions progressing to cancer. Evidences advocate u... more Mucin deregulation occurs in gastrointestinal lesions progressing to cancer. Evidences advocate utility of mucin profile to predict malignant transformation in preneoplastic colonic lesions, however data are controversial. Objectives: This clinicopathological descriptive study identifies the histochemical profiles of acidic and neutral mucins in human colonic tissues including inflammatory, non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Mucin alteration in different histological grades of adenocarcinoma is also evaluated. Materials and Methods: After collection of relevant data, tissue samples from a cohort of 88 patients recruited from King Abdul Aziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia were examined. Dual Alcian Blue (AB; pH 2.5)/ Diastase (D) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) technique was used to differentiate acidic and neutral mucins respectively. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test and linear regression was performed using SPSS. Results: Acidic and neutral mucins were positive in 67.1 and 46.6% of lesions, respectively. All ulcerative colitis tissues were positive for acidic mucin and 75% for neutral mucin. All non-neoplastic polyps were positive for both mucins. Adenomatous polyps demonstrated reduced mucin but more neutral (59.3%) than acidic one (44.4%). About 86% of adenocarcinomas revealed acidic mucin and 22.2% showed neutral mucin with trends for acidic mucin to decrease with grade and for neutral mucin to increase with grade. Conclusion: Altered both acidic and neutral mucin profiles occur in colonic lesions of different pathologies. As colonic adenocarcinoma progresses from grade 1 to grade 3, acid mucin declines with a corresponding increase in neutral mucin. Mucin profile may be of value in evaluating the preneoplastic colorectal lesions.

Awareness of human papillomavirus infection complications, cervical cancer, and vaccine among the Saudi population. A cross-sectional survey

Saudi Medical Journal, 2019

Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS-stained oral exfoliative cytology smears in adult Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls

Diagnostic cytopathology, 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million pe... more Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million people were estimated to have diabetes by 2017. Oral manifestations reflect the metabolic control of diabetes. Exfoliative cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains is a practical technique to evaluate oral epithelial cytomorphologic changes in diabetes. This study analyzes the cytomorphologic changes and the glycogen content in exfoliated oral epithelial cells among diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls using Pap and PAS stains to verify the utility of exfoliative cytology as adjunct to diagnosis, follow up or screening of diabetes. Eighty-nine participants; 38 adult diabetic patients (case group) and 51 age-matching nondiabetics (control group) were enrolled in the study after fulfilling appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling and staining procedures were performed using routine protocols. Slides were observed by two pathologists a...

Placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the placentas of women with pre-eclampsia

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, Jan 28, 2018

Although the exact mechanism of pre-eclampsia - high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gest... more Although the exact mechanism of pre-eclampsia - high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks - is not yet fully understood, placental growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are known to play important roles in vascularization and in the pathology of pre-eclampsia. PLGF, VEGF, and HIF-1α were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of Sudanese women with mild or severe pre-eclampsia, and in normal controls. Sixty-two women had severe pre-eclampsia, 102 had mild pre-eclampsia and 101 women served as healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining of PLGF was significantly lower in placentas of women with severe pre-eclampsia (16%) compared with those with mild pre-eclampsia (8.8%) and placentas of normotensive women (40.6%; p < .001). Significantly more of the pre-eclamptic placentas expressed VEGF: in 32%, 17.6%, and 14.9% (p = .020) of the placentas of women with severe or mild pre-eclampsia ...

Pregnant women carrying female fetuses are at higher risk of placental malaria infection

PLOS ONE, 2017

Polyomavirus among Transplanted Sudanese Patients

Journal of Virology and Emerging Diseases ( ISSN 2471-822X ), 2016

Cervical cytopathological changes among women with vaginal discharge attending teaching hospital

Journal of Cytology, 2017

To find cytology changes among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic with complaints ... more To find cytology changes among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic with complaints of vaginal discharges. This descriptive hospital-based cytological study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynaecology department. Two hundred women with complaints of vaginal discharge were selected. Their detailed histories were documented on a special request form. Pap smears were then obtained and sent for cytological examination to the cytopathology department. All low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases were advised to follow-up with Pap smears in the next 6-12 months. Those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were further investigated by a cervical biopsy and managed accordingly. The statistical analysis was performed using, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Chi-square and cross-tabulation were used in this study. The cytological examination of Pap smears showed no changes (i.e. negative findings) in 88 (44%) cases, while species infection was the most prevalent, which was found in 67 (33.5%) of the cases. Bacterial vaginosis was found in 39 women (19.5%); 6 women (3%) were reported with dyskaryotic changes. Two cases were found to have LSIL and 4 women had HSIL. Infection is common among the illiterate group of women. Women with vaginal discharges should undergo screening tests for evaluation by cervical smear for the early detection of cervical precancer conditions. There is an urgent need to establish a screening program for cervical cancer in Sudan.

Application of Bethesda terminology to categorize buccal epithelial smears among petroleum station workers in Taif city, KSA

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016

Background and Objectives: Exposure to Petroleum products has a well-established mutagenicity and... more Background and Objectives: Exposure to Petroleum products has a well-established mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of some compo-nents such as benzene. Buccal mucosal cells are capable of metabolizing the carcinogenic compounds to reactive chemicals. We investigated the buccal epithelial cell cytological changes resulting from the occupational exposure to Petroleum derivatives such as benzene.Methods: Samples were obtained from 70 Petrol station workers in Taif city-KSA, examined using the Papanicolaou stained smears and categorized based on Bethesda Terminology System. Statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS.Results: About 38.6% of petrol station workers exhibited buccal cytological changes ranging from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) was the most frequent cytological abnormality. Buccal smears with...

Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D on sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in reproductive functions of male rabbits

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2016

Immunophenotyping of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in Sudan

Pan African Medical Journal, 2014

Decreased susceptibility to placental malaria in anaemic women in an area with unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

Pathogens and Global Health, 2012

The interaction between iron level, iron supplementation, and susceptibility to infection, includ... more The interaction between iron level, iron supplementation, and susceptibility to infection, including malaria, remains a concern. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Medani hospital in central Sudan to investigate the relationship between anaemia and placental malaria. Obstetrical history was obtained; haemoglobin levels were determined. Placental tissue was obtained and malaria histology classified as active, chronic, past or no malaria infection. Among 324 women investigated, 7 (2.2%), 4 (1.2%), and 44 (13.6%) of the placentae showed active, chronic and past infection on histology examination respectively, while 269 (83.0%) of them showed no infection. Anaemia (haemoglobin ,11 g/dl) was less frequent in women with placental Plasmodium falciparum infection, 27/55 (49.1%) vs 174/269 (64.7%), P50.02. Anaemia was associated with a decreased risk for placental malaria, and the odds ratio for placental malaria (in both primiparae and multiparae group) was 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.6, P50.002 and it was 0.2, 95% CI: 0.03-0.7; P50.02 for primiparae group. Thus, there is a strong relationship between anaemia and the absence of placental malaria.

Microwave irradiation exposure enhancing melanin staining quality and act as time reducing factor in the Masson-Fontana method

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 2021

This study was to evaluate the effects of microwave device in melanin pigment staining procedures... more

Prevalence of anemia among Saudi patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in King Faisal Hospital, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

PLoS ONE, 2021

Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly di... more Objectives The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancies at King Faisal Hospital in Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to March 2020. A total of 320 patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancy were examined to assess anemia prevalence. Results Of 320 patients with solid cancers, 245 (76.6%) were female and 75 (23.4%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of 57 (45 ─ 66) years, range between 16 and 108 years. The types of cancer included were breast (29.1%), female genital tract (20.0%), colorectal (25.3%), head and neck (10.3%), urinary bladder (4.7%), prostate (5.0%), lung (2.5%), liver (2.2%) and lymphoma (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia at diagnosis of cancer was 44.1% across all cancer types. A higher anemia prevalence was noted in colorectal (n = 46/81, 56.8%) (p = 0.047). Conclusion Patients with...

Human Papillomavirus Types and Cervical Cancer Vaccine for Sudanese Women: A Review

European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019

Cervical cancer is thought to result from different high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. A... more Cervical cancer is thought to result from different high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Although many studies have been conducted worldwide regarding HPV infection and its oncogenic properties, limited data are available on the incidence and genotype specific dissemination of HPV in Sudan. The purpose of this review article is to summarize the existing data regarding HPV genotypes in Sudan. To review the distribution of HPV infections, electronic databases (e.g. PubMed, and Google Scholar) were searched for peer reviewed articles in English. The study was performed between January and April of 2019 and comprises a review of six relevant articles that were published prior to 2013. Inclusion criteria included: availability of general population data, cytology and tissue results and the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HPV detection. The overall infection rate of high-risk HPVs DNA was 173/506 (34%) and within the tissues ranged between 93 and 94% (all the paraffin sections were cancer and precancerous cases). The HPV genotyping in cervical smears were found to range from 2.9% to 50.0%, with the most prevalent types of HPV being 16 (2.9-50.0%), 18 (0-3.4%), 58 (2.9%), and 42 (2.9%). Familiarity of the frequent high risk HPV genotypes found in Sudan, which had a high prevalence of cervical cancer, is essential in order to construct an applicable genotype of the virus in the HPV vaccine. The commercially available vaccines do not prevent infection of the HPV types not contained in the vaccine. Based on this literature, it is clear that the nine-valent HPV vaccine should be considered in Sudan.

Expression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Cytokeratin 18 and 19 in Placentas of Women with Severe Preeclampsia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020

BACKGROUND: Although the exact mechanism leading to preeclampsia is not fully understood, abnorma... more BACKGROUND: Although the exact mechanism leading to preeclampsia is not fully understood, abnormal trophoblast invasion contributes to its pathogenesis. Keratins and cadherin are known to play roles in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation. However, studies describing the association between keratins, cadherin, and preeclampsia are limited. AIM: The current study was conducted to investigate the association of these proteins with severe preeclampsia in Sudanese women. METHODS: A case–control study was conducted at Madani Maternity Hospital, Sudan. The cases included women with severe preeclampsia (n = 56) and healthy pregnant women as controls (n = 56). The assessment of keratin and cadherin was performed using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in their mean age or parity. We found no significant differences in the expression of the markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, or cytokeratin 18 and 19 in the placentas from ind...

An Association Between Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Prostate Cancer

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2021

Background: Prostate cancer is a momentous health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer in Sudan is ... more Background: Prostate cancer is a momentous health problem worldwide. Prostate cancer in Sudan is the third most common cancer type. The role of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu) in prostatic tumors is still not fully understood. The findings of studies testing the association between HER2/neu expression and prostate cancer have been inconsistent. Objectives: To demonstrate the association between ages, epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and prostate cancer. Design: Retrospective.

Demonstration of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Colorectal Cancer Using Feulgen reaction

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2020

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy among Saudis. Cells derived... more Background: Colorectal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy among Saudis. Cells derived from many human malignant tissues have altered chromatin content and structure. The cellular Feulgen DNA content of malignant tissues is typically altered. Here we investigate the relationship between nuclear DNA content in colorectal carcinoma. Objectives: To demonstrate DNA in colorectal cancer cells using Feulgen reaction, and to determine the association between colon cancer grade and cellular DNA content. Design: Retrospective. Settings: Taif city-King Abdul Aziz specialized hospital. Patients and methods: Sections were stained with the Hematoxylin and Eosin method and the Feulgen reaction method for DNA demonstration. Sample size: Paraffin sections from 50 patients previously diagnosed with colon cancer were included in this study. Results: The histopathological diagnosis showed that 82% were adenocarcinoma cases, 18% had benign tumors. Regarding cancer grading, 56% of cases had moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 18% had low differentiated adenocarcinoma, 6% had high differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 2% had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The staining intensity of the Feulgen reaction showed that 46% of tissue sections had intense staining, 22% had medium staining, and 14% had results comparable to control staining. We detected no significant associations between the cancer grade and age group, gender, or result of Feulgen reaction. Conclusion: DNA demonstration using the Feulgen reaction is a simple and successfully estimated in this study. However, the correlations between DNA staining and several clinicopathological factors were not statistically significant. We recommend that DNA staining should be combined with routine histopathological examination for better understanding of patients' clinical malignant potential of the colorectal cancer.

Comparison between Conventional Decalcification and a Microwave-Assisted Method in Bone Tissue Affected with Mycetoma

Biochemistry Research International, 2020

Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is... more Mycetoma is a lifelong granulomatous disease of subcutaneous tissues and bones. Histopathology is a substantiated indicative method based on the assumption of a definitive diagnosis of mycetoma. It requires efficient processing of tissues including bone decalcification. The decalcification process must ensure complete removal of calcium and also a proper preservation of tissue and microorganisms’ staining ability. Objectives. To compare the conventional method used in decalcification with the microwave method using different decalcification solutions. Different characteristics were tested, including the speed of decalcification and morphological and fungal preservation in bone tissue affected with mycetoma. Materials and Methods. Three decalcification solutions were employed to remove calcium from 50 bone tissue samples affected with mycetoma, including 10% neutral buffered EDTA (pH 7.4), 5% nitric acid, and 5% hydrochloric acid. Conventional and microwave methods were used. Haemato...

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in early-diagnosed cancer patients: A cross-sectional study

Annals of Cancer Research and Therapy, 2020

Background: Vitamin D roles in human health and wellbeing have been extensively studied in the re... more Background: Vitamin D roles in human health and wellbeing have been extensively studied in the recent years. It has essential roles in homeostasis and maintaining many physiological functions. These roles are vital in immune system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and reproductive system. Deficiency in this vitamin has been correlated with many diseases in the body, and it has been correlated with developing cancer. Objective: This study aimed to investigate levels of total vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) in cancer patients. Design: Retrospective. Settings: Taif city-king Faisal Hospital (KFH). Patients and methods: Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol were classified into normal, insufficient, and deficiency group, patients were grouped according to these classes.156 patients were included in this study, 128 females and 28 males, 100 healthy participants were included. Cancer patients were as follows, gastrointestinal tract cancer patients were 27, breast cancer patients were 73, female genital tract patients were 43, head and neck cancer patients were 6 and respiratory tract patients were 7. Sample size: 256 participants were 100 healthy controls and 156 cancer patients. Results: Deficiency was detected in most of the patients from both genders, and in both pre-and post-menopausal female patients. Conclusion: These findings support the belief that deficiency in vitamin D is a risk factor leading to development of cancer.

Feulgen Reaction as a Marker for Identifying Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

Andrology-Open Access, 2019

Mucin histochemical profile in a variety of human colonic non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions

IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology, 2019

Mucin deregulation occurs in gastrointestinal lesions progressing to cancer. Evidences advocate u... more Mucin deregulation occurs in gastrointestinal lesions progressing to cancer. Evidences advocate utility of mucin profile to predict malignant transformation in preneoplastic colonic lesions, however data are controversial. Objectives: This clinicopathological descriptive study identifies the histochemical profiles of acidic and neutral mucins in human colonic tissues including inflammatory, non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Mucin alteration in different histological grades of adenocarcinoma is also evaluated. Materials and Methods: After collection of relevant data, tissue samples from a cohort of 88 patients recruited from King Abdul Aziz Specialized Hospital, Taif, Saudi Arabia were examined. Dual Alcian Blue (AB; pH 2.5)/ Diastase (D) Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) technique was used to differentiate acidic and neutral mucins respectively. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test and linear regression was performed using SPSS. Results: Acidic and neutral mucins were positive in 67.1 and 46.6% of lesions, respectively. All ulcerative colitis tissues were positive for acidic mucin and 75% for neutral mucin. All non-neoplastic polyps were positive for both mucins. Adenomatous polyps demonstrated reduced mucin but more neutral (59.3%) than acidic one (44.4%). About 86% of adenocarcinomas revealed acidic mucin and 22.2% showed neutral mucin with trends for acidic mucin to decrease with grade and for neutral mucin to increase with grade. Conclusion: Altered both acidic and neutral mucin profiles occur in colonic lesions of different pathologies. As colonic adenocarcinoma progresses from grade 1 to grade 3, acid mucin declines with a corresponding increase in neutral mucin. Mucin profile may be of value in evaluating the preneoplastic colorectal lesions.

Awareness of human papillomavirus infection complications, cervical cancer, and vaccine among the Saudi population. A cross-sectional survey

Saudi Medical Journal, 2019

Cytomorphologic patterns of Pap and PAS-stained oral exfoliative cytology smears in adult Saudi diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls

Diagnostic cytopathology, 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million pe... more Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and 425 million people were estimated to have diabetes by 2017. Oral manifestations reflect the metabolic control of diabetes. Exfoliative cytology using Papanicolaou (Pap) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains is a practical technique to evaluate oral epithelial cytomorphologic changes in diabetes. This study analyzes the cytomorphologic changes and the glycogen content in exfoliated oral epithelial cells among diabetic patients as compared to healthy controls using Pap and PAS stains to verify the utility of exfoliative cytology as adjunct to diagnosis, follow up or screening of diabetes. Eighty-nine participants; 38 adult diabetic patients (case group) and 51 age-matching nondiabetics (control group) were enrolled in the study after fulfilling appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling and staining procedures were performed using routine protocols. Slides were observed by two pathologists a...

Placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the placentas of women with pre-eclampsia

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, Jan 28, 2018

Although the exact mechanism of pre-eclampsia - high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gest... more Although the exact mechanism of pre-eclampsia - high blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks - is not yet fully understood, placental growth factor (PLGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) are known to play important roles in vascularization and in the pathology of pre-eclampsia. PLGF, VEGF, and HIF-1α were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the placentas of Sudanese women with mild or severe pre-eclampsia, and in normal controls. Sixty-two women had severe pre-eclampsia, 102 had mild pre-eclampsia and 101 women served as healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining of PLGF was significantly lower in placentas of women with severe pre-eclampsia (16%) compared with those with mild pre-eclampsia (8.8%) and placentas of normotensive women (40.6%; p < .001). Significantly more of the pre-eclamptic placentas expressed VEGF: in 32%, 17.6%, and 14.9% (p = .020) of the placentas of women with severe or mild pre-eclampsia ...

Pregnant women carrying female fetuses are at higher risk of placental malaria infection

PLOS ONE, 2017

Polyomavirus among Transplanted Sudanese Patients

Journal of Virology and Emerging Diseases ( ISSN 2471-822X ), 2016

Cervical cytopathological changes among women with vaginal discharge attending teaching hospital

Journal of Cytology, 2017

To find cytology changes among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic with complaints ... more To find cytology changes among women attending obstetrics and gynaecology clinic with complaints of vaginal discharges. This descriptive hospital-based cytological study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynaecology department. Two hundred women with complaints of vaginal discharge were selected. Their detailed histories were documented on a special request form. Pap smears were then obtained and sent for cytological examination to the cytopathology department. All low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cases were advised to follow-up with Pap smears in the next 6-12 months. Those with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) were further investigated by a cervical biopsy and managed accordingly. The statistical analysis was performed using, the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Chi-square and cross-tabulation were used in this study. The cytological examination of Pap smears showed no changes (i.e. negative findings) in 88 (44%) cases, while species infection was the most prevalent, which was found in 67 (33.5%) of the cases. Bacterial vaginosis was found in 39 women (19.5%); 6 women (3%) were reported with dyskaryotic changes. Two cases were found to have LSIL and 4 women had HSIL. Infection is common among the illiterate group of women. Women with vaginal discharges should undergo screening tests for evaluation by cervical smear for the early detection of cervical precancer conditions. There is an urgent need to establish a screening program for cervical cancer in Sudan.

Application of Bethesda terminology to categorize buccal epithelial smears among petroleum station workers in Taif city, KSA

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016

Background and Objectives: Exposure to Petroleum products has a well-established mutagenicity and... more Background and Objectives: Exposure to Petroleum products has a well-established mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of some compo-nents such as benzene. Buccal mucosal cells are capable of metabolizing the carcinogenic compounds to reactive chemicals. We investigated the buccal epithelial cell cytological changes resulting from the occupational exposure to Petroleum derivatives such as benzene.Methods: Samples were obtained from 70 Petrol station workers in Taif city-KSA, examined using the Papanicolaou stained smears and categorized based on Bethesda Terminology System. Statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS.Results: About 38.6% of petrol station workers exhibited buccal cytological changes ranging from atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) was the most frequent cytological abnormality. Buccal smears with...

Evaluation of the effect of vitamin D on sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in reproductive functions of male rabbits

National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2016

Immunophenotyping of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas in Sudan

Pan African Medical Journal, 2014

Decreased susceptibility to placental malaria in anaemic women in an area with unstable malaria transmission in central Sudan

Pathogens and Global Health, 2012

The interaction between iron level, iron supplementation, and susceptibility to infection, includ... more The interaction between iron level, iron supplementation, and susceptibility to infection, including malaria, remains a concern. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Medani hospital in central Sudan to investigate the relationship between anaemia and placental malaria. Obstetrical history was obtained; haemoglobin levels were determined. Placental tissue was obtained and malaria histology classified as active, chronic, past or no malaria infection. Among 324 women investigated, 7 (2.2%), 4 (1.2%), and 44 (13.6%) of the placentae showed active, chronic and past infection on histology examination respectively, while 269 (83.0%) of them showed no infection. Anaemia (haemoglobin ,11 g/dl) was less frequent in women with placental Plasmodium falciparum infection, 27/55 (49.1%) vs 174/269 (64.7%), P50.02. Anaemia was associated with a decreased risk for placental malaria, and the odds ratio for placental malaria (in both primiparae and multiparae group) was 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1-0.6, P50.002 and it was 0.2, 95% CI: 0.03-0.7; P50.02 for primiparae group. Thus, there is a strong relationship between anaemia and the absence of placental malaria.