Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 28, 2022
The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus posses... more The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus possessed various phytochemicals including alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, fixed oils and steroids. The point of the present investigation was to compare the antioxidant profile of different leaf extracts of these species. In the present study, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extract of leaf of C. tenius, C. viminalis, C. guruba and C. erectus were explored for in-vitro thrombolytic activity, membrane stabilizing activity by using hypotonic solution-induced & heat-induced hemolysis and antioxidant profile. Ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage of clot lysis. During hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis, methanol extract of C. erectus inhibited 59.74% whereas during heat induced condition ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of hemolysis of RBCs. The screenings of the plants revealed that leaf extracts contain phenolic and flavonoid contents in great amount with the high level of antioxidant capacity. The chloroform extract of C. tenius (2.45 μg/ml) and methanol extract of C. erectus (1.74 μg/ml) leaf showed potent DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity, respectively. The nitric oxide scavenging activity was not significantly different for methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts. Methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of these four plants showed medium to moderate reducing power and cupric reducing capacity in comparison to standard. A strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity of the extracts with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dysentery is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality and is found in young childr... more Dysentery is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality and is found in young children and mainly affects those in developing nations. Rural people across the world trust on herbal remedies and homeopathic medicines for their primary health care on account of their easy accessibility, efficacy and exceptionally cost ampleness in relation to modern drugs. The purpose of the present study was to compile knowledge of traditional healers and indigenous people in Chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh, including Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari for the treatment of dysentery. The ethnomedicinal data was gathered from January 2019 to January 2020 through open and focused group discussions and individual meetings utilizing semi-structured questionnaire. An aggregate of 75 people were interviewed, including traditional health practitioners. Frequency and percentage were utilized to sum up the data. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was determined and inclination positioning ...
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
In this present world COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest concern. An appealing medication fo... more In this present world COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest concern. An appealing medication focus among Covids is the fundamental protease; SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro (6Y2F) due to its fundamental role in handling the polyproteins that are interpreted from the viral RNA. The present study showed the interaction of favipiravir, ganciclovir, raltegravir and remdesivir against 6Y2F, using molecular docking were analyzed. Among those ligands’ interaction with protein structure, 6Y2F on raltegravir (-7.4 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.9 kcal/mol), respectively displayed maximum binding affinity. The interactions of four ligands were contrasted with each other in that ganciclovir and raltegravir form highest number of hydrogen bond with 6Y2F. The interacting amino acids residues (Gly143, Ser144, Cys145) were studied and all selected ligands were predicted to be non-carcinogens and non-AMES toxic. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 177-183, 2021 (December)
In this present study, the leaf extracts of Coccinia grandis L., were subjected to evaluation of ... more In this present study, the leaf extracts of Coccinia grandis L., were subjected to evaluation of the phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The ethanol extract showed 43.71% clot lysis as compared to 65.16% clot lysis produced by standard streptokinase. In vitro membrane stabilizing activity for hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis the ethanol extract inhibited 79.53% and 90.30% haemolysis of RBCs as compared to 71.90% and 77.20% produced by acetyl salicylic acid respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity revealed that the ethanol extracts of C. grandis exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.15 g/ml in comparison with the standard 5.80 g/ml. Leave extracts of Coccinia grandis L. revealed moderate antimicrobial activity against some gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Leave extracts showed strong inhibitory effect on brine shrimp lethality with LC50 at 24.20 μg/ml.
The present study was done to evaluate in vivo anti-pyretic, gastrointestinal motility, anti-noci... more The present study was done to evaluate in vivo anti-pyretic, gastrointestinal motility, anti-nociceptive, neuropharmacological and acute toxicity effects of different leaf extracts of Calamus viminalis in Swiss albino mice following oral administration. In vivo gastrointestinal motility test revealed that both the doses of ethanol extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of methanol extract showed maximum charcoal defection time, compared with the effect produced by standard drug. Both methanol 100 and 200 mg/kg and chloroform 200 mg/kg extracts showed significant in vivo anti-pyretic effect on mice. Statistically significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) results were found in case of in vivo anti-nociceptive activity test for the 100 and 200 mg/kg methanol extracts when compared to standard diclofenac-Na. In case of neuropharmacological activity, ethanol extract 200 mg/kg body weight showed statistically significant (p<0.001) result with highest t...
Analytical method development and validation are continuous inter-dependent tasks associated with... more Analytical method development and validation are continuous inter-dependent tasks associated with research and development, quality control and quality assurance departments as they help to understand..
International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2016
Background: Enteric fever continues to remain a major public health problem, especially in Dhaka ... more Background: Enteric fever continues to remain a major public health problem, especially in Dhaka city, Bangladesh due to poor sanitation and water supply as well as self medication. In this study we evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolates. Methods: A total of 106 clinical isolates were collected and processed and identified by standard microbiological method and biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by a standard disc diffusion method. Result: Out of all clinical isolates 83.49% of these isolates were Salmonella typhi and 16.50% were Salmonella paratyphi A. Salmonella typhi was found to be most sensitive to levofloxacin, aztreonam, imipenam and less sensitive to ciprofloxacin (25.58%), azithromycin (27.9%), amoxyclav (37.2%). Salmonella paratyphi A was found to be most sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, aztreonam, cefixime, gatifloxacin, imipenam and showed least sensitive to azithromycin (23.53%), ciprofloxacin (29.41%). Overall 44.7% (n= 46) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: This study suggests the further monitoring of efficacy of older and newer antimicrobial agents for the proper treatment and management of enteric fever.
Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) secondary to bacterial etiologies are most often seen in developi... more Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) secondary to bacterial etiologies are most often seen in developing countries and are less common in North America. The predominant etiology is infection occurring in the setting of direct extension of hepatobiliary or intestinal infection. The most common pathogen isolated from a PLA in the United States is Escherichia coli, whereas Streptococcus viridans is a rare entity in the developed world. Herein we report a rare case of a complicated isolated PLA in a patient without any known comorbidities which lead to hepatectomy. The patient was born and raised in the United States with no recent travel history. The patient was found to have 10 cm isolated multicystic mass on imaging confirmed later as vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus viridans PLA. The patient was treated with multiple intravenous antibiotics and underwent multiple ultrasound-guided percutaneous abscess drainages by interventional radiology, but all unsuccessful. The patient underwent right posterior liver lobectomy, thereafter making a quick recovery and was discharged. Our case underlines the significance of considering liver abscess as a differential even in previously healthy individuals with no known prior comorbid conditions, as prompt recognition is imperative in preventing morbidity and mortality.
A unicornuate uterus with an accessory horn is one of the rarest congenital uterine anomalies; he... more A unicornuate uterus with an accessory horn is one of the rarest congenital uterine anomalies; hence, the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in the accessory uterine horn is highly uncommon. It poses a significant risk to maternal life, as it is difficult to identify before surgery due to the severe hemoperitoneum in the event of rupture of the ectopic pregnancy. We report a case of a 20-year-old primigravida who presented to the emergency department of Civil Hospital Karachi, with sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, and dizziness at 17 weeks of gestation. Emergency ultrasonography of the abdomen showed extensive echogenic fluid, which was considerably obscuring the view. An empty uterus was seen with a complex cystic mass on its right side separate from the ovary. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy was suspected, and hence, the patient was immediately shifted to the operating room. Emergency laparotomy was done which then showed ruptured ectopic pregnancy with a viable fetus in a right-sided rudimentary horn of the uterus. The horn was excised. The patient recovered well, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rapidly spreading deep neck infection with a high morta... more Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rapidly spreading deep neck infection with a high mortality rate if left untreated. The occurrence of necrotizing infections in the head and neck region is uncommon; therefore, it is a rare cause of chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Here, we present an interesting case of fungal cervical skin abscess complicated by necrotizing fasciitis that progressed to involve the mediastinum, causing necrotizing mediastinitis with pneumomediastinum in an elderly female. The patient presented to the emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever. She had a 10day history of a mass in the anterior midline of her neck with odynophagia. After radiologic confirmation, she was taken to the operating room where she underwent incision and drainage with debridement and washout. Postoperatively, she was given broad-spectrum antibiotics empirically, which were later replaced with intravenous (I/V) fluconazole after culture reports. Prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to the early recovery of the patient and subsequent discharge without any complications. We report this case to draw the attention of emergency medicine physicians and clinicians to this rare and life-threatening but treatable condition. Expeditious diagnosis and treatment lead to early recovery and fewer postoperative complications.
International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2017
The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro phytochemical screenings, thro... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, antioxidant, in vivo neuropharmacological and anti extracts of Hoya parasitica Wall. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for determining the nature of phytoconstituents or bioactive constitutes, which were assessed for their possible clot lysis, antioxidant, neuropharmacological and anti compared with the known drugs. Different classes of phytochemicals were present in the leaf extract. The methanol extract exhibited highest percentage of clot lysis (14.67%) as compared to 28.26% clot lysis produced by standard streptokinase. Among the three extracts, methanol and ethanol extracts showed relatively better cupric reducing antioxidant capacity with IC 50 value (61.15 µg/ml) and satisfactory antioxidant potential in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay with IC 50 value (61.48 µg/ml) in comparison with L acid. Chloroform extract of H. parasitica was found to possess the highest total antioxidant capacity (1.86 mg/gm). Ethanol and chloroform extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and methanol extracts (200mg/kg body weight) shortened the immobility period significantly (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001) in comparison with standard. In open field teat, ethanol extracts (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) significantly (**P<0.01) decreased the rate of movement with time in a dose dependent manner. Significant (*p<0.05) antipyretic activity was observed by methanol and chloroform extracts in a dose dependent manner compared to standard. It can be concluded from the plant extracts of significant thrombolytic, antioxidant, neuropharmacological and antipyretic activity which justifies its use as traditional medicine. Wall is a climbing epiphyte of the family Asclepiadaceae is one of 300 species in the genus Hoya Chera pata, Pargacha, Fassya gaas (Rahman It is an evergreen tropical perennial shrub native to tropical wet forests and humid Singapore, the Andaman Island (Reza et al., 2007),. It is a parasite creeper with a fragrant flower. They are evergreen perennial vines or rarely shrubs. Its stems are stout or slender, glabrous. Its leaves are ovate elliptic or lanceolateactue or acuminate penduncles are rt or long slender or stout, pedicelsslender long glabourous, coronal processes longer than the corolla tube. The plant bears aesthetic flowers in May to June. Mukherjee et al., (1986) reported the plant to contain triterpenic 3,4-seco acid 3,4 along with lupeol and lupenone from stem and Sadhu (2008) reported to contain an androstanoid, a sesquiterpene, and a phenolic compound, together with a known triterpene, dihydrocanaric acid. According to Khatun steam extracts of H. parasitica sugar, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, has also been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation (Hossan et al., 2009) urinary tract disorders, frequent or infrequent urination, kidney disorders, bleeding, paralysis, rheumatic pain al., 2009; Biswas et al., 2010) 2012; Rahman et al., 2007), jaundice (Rahman antirheumatic and in acute renal failure parasitica has antibacterial, antino activity and growth inhibitory effects of dihydrocanaric acid against both HeLa and SW480 cells (Ahmed
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2017
In this present study, the leaf extracts of Litsea liyuyingi, were subjected to evaluate the phyt... more In this present study, the leaf extracts of Litsea liyuyingi, were subjected to evaluate the phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-diarrheal and hypoglycemic activity. In phytochemical screening the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenols and tannins were detected in the plant leaf extract. Methanol (43.55%) extract and its pet-ether fraction (42.11%) showed good thrombolytic effects and good membrane stabilizing effects were observed by carbon tetrachloride and aqueous soluble fractions respectively. Two different assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant activity. The presence of phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity was remarkable in the methanol extract and its pet-ether fraction. Crude methanol extract and other fractions showed effects against gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as demonstrated effects to A. Salina with LC 50 values ranging from 1.04 to 9.41 g/ml and LC 90 values ranging from 30.20 to 82.14 g/ml as compared to contro. Statistically significant (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001) result was found in case of in vivo antinociceptive activity test for the 400 mg/kg methanol extract when compared to control. The crude methanol extracts of leaves also possessed significant anti-diarrheal (*p<0.05) and hypoglycemic (**p<0.01) activity at 400 mg/kg.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2017
Loratadine is a potent, rapidly effective and long-acting non-sedative, histamine H 1 receptor an... more Loratadine is a potent, rapidly effective and long-acting non-sedative, histamine H 1 receptor antagonist, with anti-allergic properties. The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the pharmaceutical equivalent of six different brands of loratadine 10 mg tablets using various pharmacopoeial and nonpharmacopoeial tests with special landmark on in vitro dissolution study and with different price ranges purchased from retail pharmacies of Bangladesh. All brands complied with the official specification for friability, uniformity of weight and disintegration time but four brands did not comply with the official specification for hardness. Assay of loratadine tablets revealed that all samples contained 86.65-95.02% of labeled potency. Drug release was satisfactory for all brands, since more than 96.76% of the loratadine was dissolved in the medium within an hour of the test. The dissolution profiles were compared with the use of model independent approaches of difference factor and similarity factor, showing that all brands are similar with brand L3 and can be used interchangeably.
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dec 28, 2022
The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus posses... more The leaf extracts of Calamus tenius, Calamus viminalis, Calamus guruba and Calamus erectus possessed various phytochemicals including alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, fixed oils and steroids. The point of the present investigation was to compare the antioxidant profile of different leaf extracts of these species. In the present study, methanol, ethanol and chloroform extract of leaf of C. tenius, C. viminalis, C. guruba and C. erectus were explored for in-vitro thrombolytic activity, membrane stabilizing activity by using hypotonic solution-induced & heat-induced hemolysis and antioxidant profile. Ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage of clot lysis. During hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis, methanol extract of C. erectus inhibited 59.74% whereas during heat induced condition ethanol extracts of all plant species demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition of hemolysis of RBCs. The screenings of the plants revealed that leaf extracts contain phenolic and flavonoid contents in great amount with the high level of antioxidant capacity. The chloroform extract of C. tenius (2.45 μg/ml) and methanol extract of C. erectus (1.74 μg/ml) leaf showed potent DPPH and H2O2 scavenging activity, respectively. The nitric oxide scavenging activity was not significantly different for methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts. Methanol, ethanol and chloroform extracts of these four plants showed medium to moderate reducing power and cupric reducing capacity in comparison to standard. A strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity of the extracts with their total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Dysentery is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality and is found in young childr... more Dysentery is frequently associated with high morbidity and mortality and is found in young children and mainly affects those in developing nations. Rural people across the world trust on herbal remedies and homeopathic medicines for their primary health care on account of their easy accessibility, efficacy and exceptionally cost ampleness in relation to modern drugs. The purpose of the present study was to compile knowledge of traditional healers and indigenous people in Chittagong hill tracts, Bangladesh, including Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari for the treatment of dysentery. The ethnomedicinal data was gathered from January 2019 to January 2020 through open and focused group discussions and individual meetings utilizing semi-structured questionnaire. An aggregate of 75 people were interviewed, including traditional health practitioners. Frequency and percentage were utilized to sum up the data. Relative frequency of citation (RFC) was determined and inclination positioning ...
Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021
In this present world COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest concern. An appealing medication fo... more In this present world COVID-19 pandemic is one of the biggest concern. An appealing medication focus among Covids is the fundamental protease; SARS-CoV-2 protease Mpro (6Y2F) due to its fundamental role in handling the polyproteins that are interpreted from the viral RNA. The present study showed the interaction of favipiravir, ganciclovir, raltegravir and remdesivir against 6Y2F, using molecular docking were analyzed. Among those ligands’ interaction with protein structure, 6Y2F on raltegravir (-7.4 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.9 kcal/mol), respectively displayed maximum binding affinity. The interactions of four ligands were contrasted with each other in that ganciclovir and raltegravir form highest number of hydrogen bond with 6Y2F. The interacting amino acids residues (Gly143, Ser144, Cys145) were studied and all selected ligands were predicted to be non-carcinogens and non-AMES toxic. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 177-183, 2021 (December)
In this present study, the leaf extracts of Coccinia grandis L., were subjected to evaluation of ... more In this present study, the leaf extracts of Coccinia grandis L., were subjected to evaluation of the phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The ethanol extract showed 43.71% clot lysis as compared to 65.16% clot lysis produced by standard streptokinase. In vitro membrane stabilizing activity for hypotonic solution and heat induced haemolysis the ethanol extract inhibited 79.53% and 90.30% haemolysis of RBCs as compared to 71.90% and 77.20% produced by acetyl salicylic acid respectively. In vitro antioxidant activity revealed that the ethanol extracts of C. grandis exhibited significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 1.15 g/ml in comparison with the standard 5.80 g/ml. Leave extracts of Coccinia grandis L. revealed moderate antimicrobial activity against some gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Leave extracts showed strong inhibitory effect on brine shrimp lethality with LC50 at 24.20 μg/ml.
The present study was done to evaluate in vivo anti-pyretic, gastrointestinal motility, anti-noci... more The present study was done to evaluate in vivo anti-pyretic, gastrointestinal motility, anti-nociceptive, neuropharmacological and acute toxicity effects of different leaf extracts of Calamus viminalis in Swiss albino mice following oral administration. In vivo gastrointestinal motility test revealed that both the doses of ethanol extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight of methanol extract showed maximum charcoal defection time, compared with the effect produced by standard drug. Both methanol 100 and 200 mg/kg and chloroform 200 mg/kg extracts showed significant in vivo anti-pyretic effect on mice. Statistically significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) results were found in case of in vivo anti-nociceptive activity test for the 100 and 200 mg/kg methanol extracts when compared to standard diclofenac-Na. In case of neuropharmacological activity, ethanol extract 200 mg/kg body weight showed statistically significant (p<0.001) result with highest t...
Analytical method development and validation are continuous inter-dependent tasks associated with... more Analytical method development and validation are continuous inter-dependent tasks associated with research and development, quality control and quality assurance departments as they help to understand..
International Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2016
Background: Enteric fever continues to remain a major public health problem, especially in Dhaka ... more Background: Enteric fever continues to remain a major public health problem, especially in Dhaka city, Bangladesh due to poor sanitation and water supply as well as self medication. In this study we evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi isolates. Methods: A total of 106 clinical isolates were collected and processed and identified by standard microbiological method and biochemical tests and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by a standard disc diffusion method. Result: Out of all clinical isolates 83.49% of these isolates were Salmonella typhi and 16.50% were Salmonella paratyphi A. Salmonella typhi was found to be most sensitive to levofloxacin, aztreonam, imipenam and less sensitive to ciprofloxacin (25.58%), azithromycin (27.9%), amoxyclav (37.2%). Salmonella paratyphi A was found to be most sensitive to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, aztreonam, cefixime, gatifloxacin, imipenam and showed least sensitive to azithromycin (23.53%), ciprofloxacin (29.41%). Overall 44.7% (n= 46) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: This study suggests the further monitoring of efficacy of older and newer antimicrobial agents for the proper treatment and management of enteric fever.
Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) secondary to bacterial etiologies are most often seen in developi... more Pyogenic liver abscesses (PLAs) secondary to bacterial etiologies are most often seen in developing countries and are less common in North America. The predominant etiology is infection occurring in the setting of direct extension of hepatobiliary or intestinal infection. The most common pathogen isolated from a PLA in the United States is Escherichia coli, whereas Streptococcus viridans is a rare entity in the developed world. Herein we report a rare case of a complicated isolated PLA in a patient without any known comorbidities which lead to hepatectomy. The patient was born and raised in the United States with no recent travel history. The patient was found to have 10 cm isolated multicystic mass on imaging confirmed later as vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus viridans PLA. The patient was treated with multiple intravenous antibiotics and underwent multiple ultrasound-guided percutaneous abscess drainages by interventional radiology, but all unsuccessful. The patient underwent right posterior liver lobectomy, thereafter making a quick recovery and was discharged. Our case underlines the significance of considering liver abscess as a differential even in previously healthy individuals with no known prior comorbid conditions, as prompt recognition is imperative in preventing morbidity and mortality.
A unicornuate uterus with an accessory horn is one of the rarest congenital uterine anomalies; he... more A unicornuate uterus with an accessory horn is one of the rarest congenital uterine anomalies; hence, the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in the accessory uterine horn is highly uncommon. It poses a significant risk to maternal life, as it is difficult to identify before surgery due to the severe hemoperitoneum in the event of rupture of the ectopic pregnancy. We report a case of a 20-year-old primigravida who presented to the emergency department of Civil Hospital Karachi, with sudden onset of generalized abdominal pain, vomiting, and dizziness at 17 weeks of gestation. Emergency ultrasonography of the abdomen showed extensive echogenic fluid, which was considerably obscuring the view. An empty uterus was seen with a complex cystic mass on its right side separate from the ovary. A ruptured ectopic pregnancy was suspected, and hence, the patient was immediately shifted to the operating room. Emergency laparotomy was done which then showed ruptured ectopic pregnancy with a viable fetus in a right-sided rudimentary horn of the uterus. The horn was excised. The patient recovered well, and the postoperative course was uneventful.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rapidly spreading deep neck infection with a high morta... more Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is a rapidly spreading deep neck infection with a high mortality rate if left untreated. The occurrence of necrotizing infections in the head and neck region is uncommon; therefore, it is a rare cause of chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Here, we present an interesting case of fungal cervical skin abscess complicated by necrotizing fasciitis that progressed to involve the mediastinum, causing necrotizing mediastinitis with pneumomediastinum in an elderly female. The patient presented to the emergency department with chest pain, shortness of breath, and fever. She had a 10day history of a mass in the anterior midline of her neck with odynophagia. After radiologic confirmation, she was taken to the operating room where she underwent incision and drainage with debridement and washout. Postoperatively, she was given broad-spectrum antibiotics empirically, which were later replaced with intravenous (I/V) fluconazole after culture reports. Prompt diagnosis and treatment lead to the early recovery of the patient and subsequent discharge without any complications. We report this case to draw the attention of emergency medicine physicians and clinicians to this rare and life-threatening but treatable condition. Expeditious diagnosis and treatment lead to early recovery and fewer postoperative complications.
International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 2017
The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro phytochemical screenings, thro... more The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, antioxidant, in vivo neuropharmacological and anti extracts of Hoya parasitica Wall. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done for determining the nature of phytoconstituents or bioactive constitutes, which were assessed for their possible clot lysis, antioxidant, neuropharmacological and anti compared with the known drugs. Different classes of phytochemicals were present in the leaf extract. The methanol extract exhibited highest percentage of clot lysis (14.67%) as compared to 28.26% clot lysis produced by standard streptokinase. Among the three extracts, methanol and ethanol extracts showed relatively better cupric reducing antioxidant capacity with IC 50 value (61.15 µg/ml) and satisfactory antioxidant potential in hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay with IC 50 value (61.48 µg/ml) in comparison with L acid. Chloroform extract of H. parasitica was found to possess the highest total antioxidant capacity (1.86 mg/gm). Ethanol and chloroform extracts (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) and methanol extracts (200mg/kg body weight) shortened the immobility period significantly (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001) in comparison with standard. In open field teat, ethanol extracts (100 & 200 mg/kg body weight) significantly (**P<0.01) decreased the rate of movement with time in a dose dependent manner. Significant (*p<0.05) antipyretic activity was observed by methanol and chloroform extracts in a dose dependent manner compared to standard. It can be concluded from the plant extracts of significant thrombolytic, antioxidant, neuropharmacological and antipyretic activity which justifies its use as traditional medicine. Wall is a climbing epiphyte of the family Asclepiadaceae is one of 300 species in the genus Hoya Chera pata, Pargacha, Fassya gaas (Rahman It is an evergreen tropical perennial shrub native to tropical wet forests and humid Singapore, the Andaman Island (Reza et al., 2007),. It is a parasite creeper with a fragrant flower. They are evergreen perennial vines or rarely shrubs. Its stems are stout or slender, glabrous. Its leaves are ovate elliptic or lanceolateactue or acuminate penduncles are rt or long slender or stout, pedicelsslender long glabourous, coronal processes longer than the corolla tube. The plant bears aesthetic flowers in May to June. Mukherjee et al., (1986) reported the plant to contain triterpenic 3,4-seco acid 3,4 along with lupeol and lupenone from stem and Sadhu (2008) reported to contain an androstanoid, a sesquiterpene, and a phenolic compound, together with a known triterpene, dihydrocanaric acid. According to Khatun steam extracts of H. parasitica sugar, alkaloid, steroid, tannin, has also been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of constipation (Hossan et al., 2009) urinary tract disorders, frequent or infrequent urination, kidney disorders, bleeding, paralysis, rheumatic pain al., 2009; Biswas et al., 2010) 2012; Rahman et al., 2007), jaundice (Rahman antirheumatic and in acute renal failure parasitica has antibacterial, antino activity and growth inhibitory effects of dihydrocanaric acid against both HeLa and SW480 cells (Ahmed
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2017
In this present study, the leaf extracts of Litsea liyuyingi, were subjected to evaluate the phyt... more In this present study, the leaf extracts of Litsea liyuyingi, were subjected to evaluate the phytochemical screenings, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antinociceptive, anti-diarrheal and hypoglycemic activity. In phytochemical screening the presence of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, phenols and tannins were detected in the plant leaf extract. Methanol (43.55%) extract and its pet-ether fraction (42.11%) showed good thrombolytic effects and good membrane stabilizing effects were observed by carbon tetrachloride and aqueous soluble fractions respectively. Two different assays were performed to evaluate antioxidant activity. The presence of phenolic contents and free radical scavenging activity was remarkable in the methanol extract and its pet-ether fraction. Crude methanol extract and other fractions showed effects against gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as demonstrated effects to A. Salina with LC 50 values ranging from 1.04 to 9.41 g/ml and LC 90 values ranging from 30.20 to 82.14 g/ml as compared to contro. Statistically significant (**p<0.01; ***p<0.001) result was found in case of in vivo antinociceptive activity test for the 400 mg/kg methanol extract when compared to control. The crude methanol extracts of leaves also possessed significant anti-diarrheal (*p<0.05) and hypoglycemic (**p<0.01) activity at 400 mg/kg.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2017
Loratadine is a potent, rapidly effective and long-acting non-sedative, histamine H 1 receptor an... more Loratadine is a potent, rapidly effective and long-acting non-sedative, histamine H 1 receptor antagonist, with anti-allergic properties. The purpose of this research work was to evaluate the pharmaceutical equivalent of six different brands of loratadine 10 mg tablets using various pharmacopoeial and nonpharmacopoeial tests with special landmark on in vitro dissolution study and with different price ranges purchased from retail pharmacies of Bangladesh. All brands complied with the official specification for friability, uniformity of weight and disintegration time but four brands did not comply with the official specification for hardness. Assay of loratadine tablets revealed that all samples contained 86.65-95.02% of labeled potency. Drug release was satisfactory for all brands, since more than 96.76% of the loratadine was dissolved in the medium within an hour of the test. The dissolution profiles were compared with the use of model independent approaches of difference factor and similarity factor, showing that all brands are similar with brand L3 and can be used interchangeably.
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