The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures ... more The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures are based on two-course repeat cycle and direction of lapping changes in every course. Considering two guide bars, the nature of guide bar lapping movement has been discussed for producing some of the popular warp knitted structures. Addition of guide bars improves the stability and other desired properties as well as the patterning facility. But presence of too many guide bars makes the machine complicated and costly. Judicious selection of required number of guide bars in the machine as well as their nature of movement for lapping of yarn around the needles makes it possible to produce various types of decorative and functional fabrics in warp knitting. The different types of structures generally produced in warp knitting have been discussed in this chapter.
Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabric... more Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabrics made in knitting. It helps to assess the quality of the end product, performance of the fabric during the end use and the properties like comfort, feel and handle of the garment. Details of analysis and testing of knitted fabrics have been discussed in this chapter. Emphasis has also been given on measurement of low stress mechanical properties of fabrics/garments using KAWABATA/FAST system which is the new trend in the field of textile testing.
This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such ... more This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such as frame, creel, guides, tensioners, feed plates and yarns feeders. The mechanisms of machine driving and stopping down, yarn tensioning, yarn feeding, fabric taking-down and fabric stretching are well explained. Developments such as positive and storage feeder in yarn feeding and cadratex system and open width fabric winding in fabric takedown are also highlighted in this chapter.
239-245The cam force, i.e. the yarn tension, inside the knitting zone for a complete loop forming... more 239-245The cam force, i.e. the yarn tension, inside the knitting zone for a complete loop forming cycle has been measured on a dial and cylinder machine equipped with 1x1 rib gating to validate the model developed for the purpose and to understand the mechanics of loop formation. A separate cam track has been designed for running the isolated measuring needle and other necessary modifications have been made on the cam jacket for installation of the quartz force link. The cam force signals generated by the quartz force link fitted on the stitch cam are recorded in computer through analog-to-digital convertor. The recorded digital values are then plotted with the help of available software for getting cam force curves which have, in general, four peaks
133-138<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri",&... more 133-138<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The structure of rotor-spun yarn, mainly in terms of mean fibre extent (MFE), differs from that of ring-spun yarn. The values of MFE and MFE coefficient (Kp) were measured in rotor-spun yarns produced at different twist multipliers (TMs), opening roller speeds, rotor speeds, levels of air suction inside rotor, sizes of rotor and rotor surface finishes. Attempts were made to establish the relationship between MFE and yarn tensile strength. There results show that processing parameters such as twi...
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such ... more This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such as frame, creel, guides, tensioners, feed plates and yarns feeders. The mechanisms of machine driving and stopping down, yarn tensioning, yarn feeding, fabric taking-down and fabric stretching are well explained. Developments such as positive and storage feeder in yarn feeding and cadratex system and open width fabric winding in fabric takedown are also highlighted in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures ... more The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures are based on two-course repeat cycle and direction of lapping changes in every course. Considering two guide bars, the nature of guide bar lapping movement has been discussed for producing some of the popular warp knitted structures. Addition of guide bars improves the stability and other desired properties as well as the patterning facility. But presence of too many guide bars makes the machine complicated and costly. Judicious selection of required number of guide bars in the machine as well as their nature of movement for lapping of yarn around the needles makes it possible to produce various types of decorative and functional fabrics in warp knitting. The different types of structures generally produced in warp knitting have been discussed in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2011
Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabric... more Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabrics made in knitting. It helps to assess the quality of the end product, performance of the fabric during the end use and the properties like comfort, feel and handle of the garment. Details of analysis and testing of knitted fabrics have been discussed in this chapter. Emphasis has also been given on measurement of low stress mechanical properties of fabrics/garments using KAWABATA/FAST system which is the new trend in the field of textile testing.
Out of many applications of electronics in knitting, only the two namely CAD (computer-aided desi... more Out of many applications of electronics in knitting, only the two namely CAD (computer-aided designing) and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) have been discussed in this chapter. In both the cases, the main electronic device used is computer. As CAD develops the interface between the computer and the user, it is referred to as “interactive computer graphics or graphical user interactive (GUI)”. In today’s competitive and dynamic textile market, there is a need to produce new designs, structures, textures and blends at a competitive price and that too without wasting much time for the same. Textile CAD (CATD) is a computerized design facility for designing, simulating the fabric in the monitor and generating the necessary manufacturing documents. CAM in the form of electronic jacquard not only interfaces the knitting machine with computer but also ensures total accuracy in implementation of the design concept in to real fabric at a considerable knitting machine speed.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The term medical textile refers to all textiles which are used for first aid, clinical, surgical ... more The term medical textile refers to all textiles which are used for first aid, clinical, surgical and hygienic purposes. Recently knitted products are most widely used in medical textiles and its market share is much higher than medical textiles in other forms due its advantages over other techniques of fabric formation. Although all types of knitting machine available in the market are suitable for producing medical textiles, new range of computerized flat bed knitting machine is ideal for medical textile applications, because the machinery can be used in both small and large batch production.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
Plain, rib, interlock and purl are the four basic weft-knitted structures from which all other we... more Plain, rib, interlock and purl are the four basic weft-knitted structures from which all other weft-knitted structures can be derived. This chapter highlights the important features of plain, rib, interlock and purl knitting and necessary comparisons amongst themselves. The instability of plain loop is also explained in the chapter.
Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to impro... more Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to improve the hand value by overcoming the inherent drawbacks, such as harsh feel of handloom fabrics, so as to make them suitable for readymade garments. Evaluation of the hand values of handloom fabrics in terms of bending stiffness, surface roughness and softness have been conducted by using simple and cheaper instruments/techniques, like Shirley stiffness tester, digital image processing methods and fabric feel tester. It is observed that with the increase in concentration of silicone softener there is an improvement in the softness as well as smoothness of the fabrics. Consumers experience a better feel when they touch the silicone treated handloom fabric or the garment by their hand.
Abstract: Acceptability of a knitted product to the consumer largely depends on its quality. The ... more Abstract: Acceptability of a knitted product to the consumer largely depends on its quality. The manufacturer has a moral and ethical duty to ensure that the customer receives material of quality proportionate with the price he or she is paying for it. For this reason, inbuilt process control by the manufacturer is essential. This can only be achieved by regular inspection and testing of the raw material, the knitting process, the knitting machine and the finished product. Control at different stages of manufacture is also important. To be effective, the process control scheme for knitted fabric must begin with checking incoming yarn and extend through and beyond the knitting process. From the consumer's point of view, the important parameters of a knitted fabric that need to be maintained for a specific quality and yarn count are the weight per square metre (GSM), width and expected shrinkage during future wet treatment. The difference in loop length within a fabric can produce...
An attempt has been made to study the fibre cross laying as well as fibre orientation angle in cr... more An attempt has been made to study the fibre cross laying as well as fibre orientation angle in cross-laid needle-punched nonwoven fabric and its relationship with tensile properties of fabric. Nine fabric samples have been produced by using three types of fibres , namely 100 % polyester, 100 % jute and 50:50 jute-polyester blend with three different numbers of layers (6, 12 and 18). The tensile properties of different cross-laid structures have been measured not only in machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD) but also at different angles including the angle of laying with respect to the width of the fabric followed by ANOVA analysis in order to assess the nature of anisotropy in terms of tensile properties. It is observed that the number of layers in the web influences the cross laying angle (LA) as well as tensile properties of the fabric. The maximum tenacity is obtained in case of CD and then the tenacity gradually reduces towards the MD. The ANOVA analysis of the data re...
Knitting generally requires yarns with good extensibility, moderate strength, smooth surface and ... more Knitting generally requires yarns with good extensibility, moderate strength, smooth surface and low bending rigidity and hence traditionally natural fibres like cotton and wool and synthetic fibres like polyester, nylon and acrylic fibre are mainly used in knitting. Keeping in view the potentials of jute, the cheaper and eco-friendly fibre, in the manufacture of innovative value added products; it was felt to explore the scopes of jute in knitting. The basic ideas behind such explorations covered mainly two aspects, firstly to understand the performance of jute during knitting and secondly to establish the degree of agreement of the knitting constants and factors of the knitted structures with the already established knitting constants and factors for cotton, wool and allied fibres knitted fabrics. Jute yarns have successfully been tried in both flatbed weft knitting and warp knitting. Main products are shawl, sweater, agro-textiles. From the findings of the limited studies carried...
An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional para... more An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur of the knitted fabrics produced on a double jersey flat bed machine using acrylic yarn. Fabric samples have been prepared by varying the stitch cam setting, take down load and yarn count in a 5.5 gauge flat bed knitting machine and then subjected to relaxation treatment by using conventional technique as well as mechanical energy of ultrasonic waves for maximum shrinkage. It is observed that this new relaxation technique produces similar dimensional and non-dimensional parameters of the fabric as obtained with the conventional relaxation treatments. The values of the four non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur follow a specific trend and these values are found to be comparable with the experimental values obtained by previous workers for fabrics knitted in circular knitting machine. Regression analyses have been made and regression equations...
An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional para... more An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional parameters such as course constant (Uc), wale constant (Uw), stitch density constant (Us) and loop shape factor (Ur) of the knitted fabrics produced on a double jersey circular bed machine equipped with 1×1 rib gaiting using cotton, polyester/viscose, acrylic and polyester multifilament yarns. Fabric samples are prepared by varying the stitch cam setting, input tension, yarn count, etc. on a 16 gauge circular knitting machine and are subjected to relaxation treatment by using conventional technique as well as mechanical energy of ultrasonic waves for maximum shrinkage. It is observed that this new relaxation technique produces similar dimensional and non-dimensional parameters of the fabric as obtained with the conventional relaxation treatments. It is also found that the values of the four non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur follow a specific trend and are found comparable ...
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
Calculation in knitting mainly deals with production of the knitting machine, knitted fabric para... more Calculation in knitting mainly deals with production of the knitting machine, knitted fabric parameters and requirement of raw material. Production may be calculated either in length (yards or metres) or in weight (kg) per unit time say shift of 8 hours. From total length and weight, the running weight of the fabric i.e., weight per unit length can be calculated. Calculation of loop length and other knitted fabric parameters – namely cpi, wpi, stitch density, tightness factor, GSM – are of prime importance in knitting. The calculations of these said items for flat and circular type weft knitting as well as warp knitting are done in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The study of mechanics of loop formation through modeling and experimentation helps to understand... more The study of mechanics of loop formation through modeling and experimentation helps to understand the sciences of knitting. Such understanding is essential for optimizing input parameters for desired output and redesigning the machine parts in order to achieve higher productivity. As dimensions and properties of knitted fabrics in relaxed state are largely governed by two parameters, namely length of loop and shape of the loop, it is obvious that if the variables governing the length of loop as well as the mutual interaction between the variables inside KZ are known, it would be possible to produce a knitted fabric with a pre-determined loop length. Thus, the length of loop decided and the yarn tension developed inside KZ are the two crucial parameters to be considered in studying the mechanics of the loop forming system.
The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures ... more The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures are based on two-course repeat cycle and direction of lapping changes in every course. Considering two guide bars, the nature of guide bar lapping movement has been discussed for producing some of the popular warp knitted structures. Addition of guide bars improves the stability and other desired properties as well as the patterning facility. But presence of too many guide bars makes the machine complicated and costly. Judicious selection of required number of guide bars in the machine as well as their nature of movement for lapping of yarn around the needles makes it possible to produce various types of decorative and functional fabrics in warp knitting. The different types of structures generally produced in warp knitting have been discussed in this chapter.
Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabric... more Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabrics made in knitting. It helps to assess the quality of the end product, performance of the fabric during the end use and the properties like comfort, feel and handle of the garment. Details of analysis and testing of knitted fabrics have been discussed in this chapter. Emphasis has also been given on measurement of low stress mechanical properties of fabrics/garments using KAWABATA/FAST system which is the new trend in the field of textile testing.
This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such ... more This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such as frame, creel, guides, tensioners, feed plates and yarns feeders. The mechanisms of machine driving and stopping down, yarn tensioning, yarn feeding, fabric taking-down and fabric stretching are well explained. Developments such as positive and storage feeder in yarn feeding and cadratex system and open width fabric winding in fabric takedown are also highlighted in this chapter.
239-245The cam force, i.e. the yarn tension, inside the knitting zone for a complete loop forming... more 239-245The cam force, i.e. the yarn tension, inside the knitting zone for a complete loop forming cycle has been measured on a dial and cylinder machine equipped with 1x1 rib gating to validate the model developed for the purpose and to understand the mechanics of loop formation. A separate cam track has been designed for running the isolated measuring needle and other necessary modifications have been made on the cam jacket for installation of the quartz force link. The cam force signals generated by the quartz force link fitted on the stitch cam are recorded in computer through analog-to-digital convertor. The recorded digital values are then plotted with the help of available software for getting cam force curves which have, in general, four peaks
133-138<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri",&... more 133-138<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:en-us;="" mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The structure of rotor-spun yarn, mainly in terms of mean fibre extent (MFE), differs from that of ring-spun yarn. The values of MFE and MFE coefficient (Kp) were measured in rotor-spun yarns produced at different twist multipliers (TMs), opening roller speeds, rotor speeds, levels of air suction inside rotor, sizes of rotor and rotor surface finishes. Attempts were made to establish the relationship between MFE and yarn tensile strength. There results show that processing parameters such as twi...
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such ... more This chapter deals with the different important parts of the circular weft knitting machine such as frame, creel, guides, tensioners, feed plates and yarns feeders. The mechanisms of machine driving and stopping down, yarn tensioning, yarn feeding, fabric taking-down and fabric stretching are well explained. Developments such as positive and storage feeder in yarn feeding and cadratex system and open width fabric winding in fabric takedown are also highlighted in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures ... more The popular warp knitted structures are mainly produced with two full guide bars. The structures are based on two-course repeat cycle and direction of lapping changes in every course. Considering two guide bars, the nature of guide bar lapping movement has been discussed for producing some of the popular warp knitted structures. Addition of guide bars improves the stability and other desired properties as well as the patterning facility. But presence of too many guide bars makes the machine complicated and costly. Judicious selection of required number of guide bars in the machine as well as their nature of movement for lapping of yarn around the needles makes it possible to produce various types of decorative and functional fabrics in warp knitting. The different types of structures generally produced in warp knitting have been discussed in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2011
Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabric... more Analysis and testing of knitted fabrics are done for evaluating the quality aspects of the fabrics made in knitting. It helps to assess the quality of the end product, performance of the fabric during the end use and the properties like comfort, feel and handle of the garment. Details of analysis and testing of knitted fabrics have been discussed in this chapter. Emphasis has also been given on measurement of low stress mechanical properties of fabrics/garments using KAWABATA/FAST system which is the new trend in the field of textile testing.
Out of many applications of electronics in knitting, only the two namely CAD (computer-aided desi... more Out of many applications of electronics in knitting, only the two namely CAD (computer-aided designing) and CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) have been discussed in this chapter. In both the cases, the main electronic device used is computer. As CAD develops the interface between the computer and the user, it is referred to as “interactive computer graphics or graphical user interactive (GUI)”. In today’s competitive and dynamic textile market, there is a need to produce new designs, structures, textures and blends at a competitive price and that too without wasting much time for the same. Textile CAD (CATD) is a computerized design facility for designing, simulating the fabric in the monitor and generating the necessary manufacturing documents. CAM in the form of electronic jacquard not only interfaces the knitting machine with computer but also ensures total accuracy in implementation of the design concept in to real fabric at a considerable knitting machine speed.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The term medical textile refers to all textiles which are used for first aid, clinical, surgical ... more The term medical textile refers to all textiles which are used for first aid, clinical, surgical and hygienic purposes. Recently knitted products are most widely used in medical textiles and its market share is much higher than medical textiles in other forms due its advantages over other techniques of fabric formation. Although all types of knitting machine available in the market are suitable for producing medical textiles, new range of computerized flat bed knitting machine is ideal for medical textile applications, because the machinery can be used in both small and large batch production.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
Plain, rib, interlock and purl are the four basic weft-knitted structures from which all other we... more Plain, rib, interlock and purl are the four basic weft-knitted structures from which all other weft-knitted structures can be derived. This chapter highlights the important features of plain, rib, interlock and purl knitting and necessary comparisons amongst themselves. The instability of plain loop is also explained in the chapter.
Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to impro... more Cotton handloom woven finished fabrics have been treated with silicone softener in order to improve the hand value by overcoming the inherent drawbacks, such as harsh feel of handloom fabrics, so as to make them suitable for readymade garments. Evaluation of the hand values of handloom fabrics in terms of bending stiffness, surface roughness and softness have been conducted by using simple and cheaper instruments/techniques, like Shirley stiffness tester, digital image processing methods and fabric feel tester. It is observed that with the increase in concentration of silicone softener there is an improvement in the softness as well as smoothness of the fabrics. Consumers experience a better feel when they touch the silicone treated handloom fabric or the garment by their hand.
Abstract: Acceptability of a knitted product to the consumer largely depends on its quality. The ... more Abstract: Acceptability of a knitted product to the consumer largely depends on its quality. The manufacturer has a moral and ethical duty to ensure that the customer receives material of quality proportionate with the price he or she is paying for it. For this reason, inbuilt process control by the manufacturer is essential. This can only be achieved by regular inspection and testing of the raw material, the knitting process, the knitting machine and the finished product. Control at different stages of manufacture is also important. To be effective, the process control scheme for knitted fabric must begin with checking incoming yarn and extend through and beyond the knitting process. From the consumer's point of view, the important parameters of a knitted fabric that need to be maintained for a specific quality and yarn count are the weight per square metre (GSM), width and expected shrinkage during future wet treatment. The difference in loop length within a fabric can produce...
An attempt has been made to study the fibre cross laying as well as fibre orientation angle in cr... more An attempt has been made to study the fibre cross laying as well as fibre orientation angle in cross-laid needle-punched nonwoven fabric and its relationship with tensile properties of fabric. Nine fabric samples have been produced by using three types of fibres , namely 100 % polyester, 100 % jute and 50:50 jute-polyester blend with three different numbers of layers (6, 12 and 18). The tensile properties of different cross-laid structures have been measured not only in machine direction (MD) and cross direction (CD) but also at different angles including the angle of laying with respect to the width of the fabric followed by ANOVA analysis in order to assess the nature of anisotropy in terms of tensile properties. It is observed that the number of layers in the web influences the cross laying angle (LA) as well as tensile properties of the fabric. The maximum tenacity is obtained in case of CD and then the tenacity gradually reduces towards the MD. The ANOVA analysis of the data re...
Knitting generally requires yarns with good extensibility, moderate strength, smooth surface and ... more Knitting generally requires yarns with good extensibility, moderate strength, smooth surface and low bending rigidity and hence traditionally natural fibres like cotton and wool and synthetic fibres like polyester, nylon and acrylic fibre are mainly used in knitting. Keeping in view the potentials of jute, the cheaper and eco-friendly fibre, in the manufacture of innovative value added products; it was felt to explore the scopes of jute in knitting. The basic ideas behind such explorations covered mainly two aspects, firstly to understand the performance of jute during knitting and secondly to establish the degree of agreement of the knitting constants and factors of the knitted structures with the already established knitting constants and factors for cotton, wool and allied fibres knitted fabrics. Jute yarns have successfully been tried in both flatbed weft knitting and warp knitting. Main products are shawl, sweater, agro-textiles. From the findings of the limited studies carried...
An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional para... more An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur of the knitted fabrics produced on a double jersey flat bed machine using acrylic yarn. Fabric samples have been prepared by varying the stitch cam setting, take down load and yarn count in a 5.5 gauge flat bed knitting machine and then subjected to relaxation treatment by using conventional technique as well as mechanical energy of ultrasonic waves for maximum shrinkage. It is observed that this new relaxation technique produces similar dimensional and non-dimensional parameters of the fabric as obtained with the conventional relaxation treatments. The values of the four non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur follow a specific trend and these values are found to be comparable with the experimental values obtained by previous workers for fabrics knitted in circular knitting machine. Regression analyses have been made and regression equations...
An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional para... more An attempt has been made to investigate as well as to gain an insight on the non-dimensional parameters such as course constant (Uc), wale constant (Uw), stitch density constant (Us) and loop shape factor (Ur) of the knitted fabrics produced on a double jersey circular bed machine equipped with 1×1 rib gaiting using cotton, polyester/viscose, acrylic and polyester multifilament yarns. Fabric samples are prepared by varying the stitch cam setting, input tension, yarn count, etc. on a 16 gauge circular knitting machine and are subjected to relaxation treatment by using conventional technique as well as mechanical energy of ultrasonic waves for maximum shrinkage. It is observed that this new relaxation technique produces similar dimensional and non-dimensional parameters of the fabric as obtained with the conventional relaxation treatments. It is also found that the values of the four non-dimensional parameters such as Uc, Uw, Us and Ur follow a specific trend and are found comparable ...
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
Calculation in knitting mainly deals with production of the knitting machine, knitted fabric para... more Calculation in knitting mainly deals with production of the knitting machine, knitted fabric parameters and requirement of raw material. Production may be calculated either in length (yards or metres) or in weight (kg) per unit time say shift of 8 hours. From total length and weight, the running weight of the fabric i.e., weight per unit length can be calculated. Calculation of loop length and other knitted fabric parameters – namely cpi, wpi, stitch density, tightness factor, GSM – are of prime importance in knitting. The calculations of these said items for flat and circular type weft knitting as well as warp knitting are done in this chapter.
Fundamentals and Advances in Knitting Technology, 2012
The study of mechanics of loop formation through modeling and experimentation helps to understand... more The study of mechanics of loop formation through modeling and experimentation helps to understand the sciences of knitting. Such understanding is essential for optimizing input parameters for desired output and redesigning the machine parts in order to achieve higher productivity. As dimensions and properties of knitted fabrics in relaxed state are largely governed by two parameters, namely length of loop and shape of the loop, it is obvious that if the variables governing the length of loop as well as the mutual interaction between the variables inside KZ are known, it would be possible to produce a knitted fabric with a pre-determined loop length. Thus, the length of loop decided and the yarn tension developed inside KZ are the two crucial parameters to be considered in studying the mechanics of the loop forming system.
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