Papers by Sadegh Bakhtiari
The Journal of Planning and Budgeting, Jul 15, 2013
The general perception of Islamic finance is that it prohibits the practice of paying and receivi... more The general perception of Islamic finance is that it prohibits the practice of paying and receiving interest, but Islamic finance is much broader than interest rate prohibition. Islamic financial services can be viewed as a set of financial services which are diversified based on the needs of society. Since in THE Iranian Economy most of the enterprises are micro and/or small, micro financing seems to be very important. Among different modes of financing which are designed in Iran’s Interest Free Banking System, Qard Hasan has been discussed in this paper as a way of micro financing . With a brief review of Iran’s latest Banking Act, a history of Qard Hasan has been presented and due to data availability the performance of the Iran Agricultural Bank (Bank Keshavarzi) has been discussed in this regard.
The term, sustainable development, came into general use following the publication of the Brundtl... more The term, sustainable development, came into general use following the publication of the Brundtland Commission report in 1987. In it, the term Sustainable Development was defined as something which “meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” However, this definition has been difficult to implement in practical terms, thus making it necessary to search for more specific definitions of sustainable development. It is now generally recognized that sustainable development does not focus entirely on the environment. In fact, this notion encompasses three primary aspects, namely the economic, the social, and the environmental. As such, sustainable development can be said to rest on three fundamental principles: economic development, social development, and environmental protection. The MDGs also contain economic, social and environmental aspects, however in this framework these three dimensions have been repre...
A CONTINUACIÓN SE OFRECE Bibliografía sobre Teoría una guía bibliográfica acerca de del Cine dos ... more A CONTINUACIÓN SE OFRECE Bibliografía sobre Teoría una guía bibliográfica acerca de del Cine dos grandes áreas en los Estudios Cinematográficos: la inves-Las diferentes teorías cinematotigación sobre Teoría del Cine gráficas están más relacionadas (93 títulos publicados en inglés con otras teorías (e~ particular las y en español) y sobre Análisis filosóficas, científicas, artísticas y Cinematográfico (65 títulos pu-literarias) que con el análisis y el blicados exclusivamente en es-disfrute de las películas mismas. pañol). A su vez, la primera Esta bibliografía, entonces, tiesección está dividida en varios ne interés especial para los filóapartados: antologías y estudios sofos, y especialmente para los panorámicos; semiótica del cine; epistemólogos. otras teorías generales; cine y En este terreno hay tres sociedad; cine y narrativa; psi-aproximaciones generales. En cología, psicoanálisis y feminis-primer lugar encontramos los mo; y el cine y su espectador. estudios del cine a partir 'de En todos los casos he incluido los intereses de una disciplina exclusivamente títulos de libros. humanística (especialmente la * En lo que sigue propongo enrender como teoría del cine a toda reflexi6n general , acerca de la especificidad del discurso cinematográfico, mientras el análisis cinematográfico consiste en el diseño de un modelo (o su aplicaci6n) para el examen sistemático de uno ' ovarios fragmentos de una película particular. Es necesario señalar que ninguna de estas bibliografías pretende ser exhaustiva. ** Profesor investigador del Departamento de Educaci6n y Comunicaci6n, UAM-Xochimilco.
Journal of Third World Studies, Sep 22, 2010
INTRODUCTION Purpose--This paper investigates the effects of income distribution on economic grow... more INTRODUCTION Purpose--This paper investigates the effects of income distribution on economic growth in Islamic Republic of Iran. Design/methodology/approach--An endogenous growth model is specified, that includes human capital and technological progress. The generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) technique is used to estimate regression parameters. Findings--The results show that rising income inequality, which is measured by the Gini index and the ratio of income of the household at the 90th percentile to the household at the 10th percentile, would hinder economic growth in Iran. However, there is a positive relation between economic growth and the growth in employment, investment spending, technological progress, and human capital. Practical implications--The main practical implication of the paper is that the effect of a rise in inequality on economic growth is negative in Iran. Originality/value--The current study is believed to be the first of its kind that enters human capital in the model, uses two different measures of inequality, and focuses on the case of Iran. In the last decades, the world has witnessed the global expansion of neo-liberal economic ideas and policies, most notably drastic cutbacks in government regulations of economic activities. The belief that economic performance is best enhanced by freeing markets of government interference has become widely accepted among policy planners and politicians on both the left and the right. (1) The most visible examples of purportedly harmful government interference in market processes are social welfare and other redistributive programs. These are widely regarded as both wasteful and harmful, diverting societal resources from more productive use and discouraging initiative and effort. In this view, program outcomes may include a more equitable distribution of income, but at the cost of decreased economic performance. Neo-liberals justify the economic inequalities associated with markets in terms of efficiency. In their views, by providing a greater incentive for individual hard work and initiative, freer markets are supposed to lead to more competitive national economies and a bigger economic pie for everybody. (2) This neo-liberal argument has impressive academic credentials, a persuasive voice in public policy debates, and decades of worldwide political successes. However, it lacks enough empirical supports. Simply put, there is not persuasive evidence that increasing inequality is associated with improved economic performance. Considering this, there is a need to empirically answer the question that whether the rising income inequality would facilitate or hinder economic growth in different countries. This study attempts to answer this question in the case of Islamic Republic of Iran. It empirically examines the impact of income inequality on economic growth. An econometric model is used which is based on the endogenous growth model incorporating human capital and technological progress. In this model, Capital growth is replaced by the investment-output ratio to avoid a high degree of multicollinearity among input factors. Two different measures for income inequality are considered in order to determine whether the results are robust. The paper applies the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model developed by Engle and Robert (2001) to determine whether the error variance depends on past squared errors and past error variances. The study is organized in the following manner. The literature review is described in Section 2. A theoretical model is presented in Section 3 and data sources and methodology are discussed in section 4. Empirical results are given in Section 5. Summary and conclusions are provided in Section 6. LITERATURE REVIEW The relation between inequality and growth has been under discussion for a long time. …
University Microfilms order no. UMI00491803. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Ottawa, 1993. Include... more University Microfilms order no. UMI00491803. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Ottawa, 1993. Includes bibliographical references.
It seems describing the concept of decent work as t he ILO defines it, should be an easy task. Ho... more It seems describing the concept of decent work as t he ILO defines it, should be an easy task. However, reality has shown that in almost all count ries particularly the developing ones it is very difficult to implement decent work or even do profo und economic analysis on it. This becomes even more difficult when trying to calculate a Decent Wo rk Index. This paper briefly explains the four strategic obje ctives of decent work, namely promotion of full and productive employment, social protection, respect f or fundamental principles and rights at work and social dialogue. The characteristics of Iran's lab or market will then be discussed with a focus on it s deficiencies in terms of decent work. The paper explains not only the major components of decent work, but also looks at Iran’s labor market, to see which of the required elements are m issing. It also tries to compare the two together based on those indicators which can be calculated t hrough the available information.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 2012
Generating regional input-output tables is difficult for various reasons including the lack of st... more Generating regional input-output tables is difficult for various reasons including the lack of statistics and information for regional economic structures. However, the input-output model is overall one of the best and most effective quantitative methods for regional planning. Regional input-output tables can be generated through surveying and non-surveying methods. The limitations of surveying methods have led to today's regional input-output tables often being generated through estimation (non-surveying) techniques using national input-output tables. The following paper applies the common methods of simple location quotient (SLQ), cross industry location quotient (CILQ), Flegg location quotient (FLQ) and supply-demand pool with the proposed method (ACILQ) to extract the regional coefficients for Yazd Province. The conclusions obtained from the research indicate that our proposed method, a modification of cross industry location quotient (CILQ) using a mathematical function, Tanhx, with Flegg method have more desirable results compared with other methods. This means that the two methods have higher capabilities to estimate the intermediate imports of sections as a criterion for space economy and estimate the output of each section properly. The proposed method has better results than the Flegg method. Thus, this method (ACILQ) can be a suitable criterion for adjusting national coefficients into regional coefficients (particularly for small regions).
iranian economic review, 2013
Public sector decision-makers are faced with the task of allocating resources among different alt... more Public sector decision-makers are faced with the task of allocating resources among different alternative subject due budgetary constraints. In this paper Official Development Assistance (ODA) data have been considered as foreign aid. ODA is channeled through the public sector of recipient countries and, hence, the ultimate effect of ODA on savings or economic growth depends on how governments respond to it. This paper tries to explore the impact of official development assistance on public sector behavior in selected developing countries and contribute to the fiscal response literature on two main grounds. First, it specifies a fiscal response model. Second, using panel data model for a sample of 25 aid recipient countries in Asia and Latin America over the period 1991-2010. Empirical results indicate that official development assistance has a positive and significant effect on government investment expenditure, but it has not significantly impact on government current expenditures...
International Journal of Social …, 2010
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of health and education on income... more PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of health and education on income distribution and poverty in selected Islamic countries. Design/methodology/approachA model of income inequality along with a model of poverty, with same explanatory ...
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Papers by Sadegh Bakhtiari