Uncertainty persists concerning the role of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad as a bacterial reservoir. Th... more Uncertainty persists concerning the role of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad as a bacterial reservoir. The attention paid to food safety by international agencies and international regulations has not improved food safety despite technological advancements, RTE salad’s microbiological quality and safety still seems challenging. The present study’s objective was to detect any microorganism in the RTE salads sold in supermarkets of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to interpret the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria to a set of antimicrobials. Phenotypic methods and biochemical analysis were used to identify the isolated bacterium from each salad sample. Antibiograms of the isolated bacteria was determined by VITEK system 2. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 15 Escherichia coli isolates for investigating evolutionary relationship and genetic analysis. The culture-based technique showed that the major species identified in samples were Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., E....
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infec... more Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resistance and rendering treatment ineffective. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in A. baumannii clinical isolates. Methods: A total of 30 A. baumannii isolates were included in the present study from Nehru Hospital (PGIMER-Chandigarh) located in North India. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Screening of beta-lactamases was performed using PCR. Relative gene expression of four RND, one MATE efflux pump, and two outer membrane proteins were determined using RT-PCR. Molecular typing of 22 isolates was carried out using MLST Oxford scheme. Results: CarO porin genes showed over-expression in 63% iso...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Nov 15, 2014
BACKGROUND: Students have different preferences in the way they receive and process information. ... more BACKGROUND: Students have different preferences in the way they receive and process information. The VARK learning style model classifies students into four different learning modes; visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K). This model includes a questionnaire that identifies a person's learning preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VARK questionnaire version 7.3, having 16 multiple choice questions, was distributed to first year undergraduate medical students who gave consent. RESULTS: Majority of students (60.2%) were multimodal in their learning preference. Among the multimodal students, the commonest learning preference was the bimodal category (64%), of which the highest number was seen in the AK category (24 students). The highest unimodal preference was auditory (57% of unimodal learners). There were no visual unimodal learners. The most common trimodal preferences were ARK and VAK. The total individual scores in each category were V-326, A-635, R/W-393, and K-629; auditory having the highest preference followed by kinesthetic mode. Visual mode had the lowest overall score. There was no significant difference in learning preference between the sexes. CONCLUSION: Different students have different learning styles. The teachers should use combination of teaching strategies to cater to all types of learners.
Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and sympto... more Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of coinfections is necessary to improve diagnosis and designing therapeutic interventions. We have carried out a systematic search of the published literature based on PRISMA guidelines to identify cases of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya coinfections. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies and extracted data regarding cases of coinfection from cross sectional studies, case reports, retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and surveillance reports. Care full screening resulted in 104 publications that met the eligibility criteria and reported Malaria/Dengue, Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. These coinfections were spread over six geographical locations an...
Abstract. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanaoparticles have been observed to have significant antibacterial pr... more Abstract. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanaoparticles have been observed to have significant antibacterial properties against different gram positive and gram negative organisms. This study was done to determine the effect ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing organisms. Which are acting as menance in treatment of severe infective conditions. ZnO nanoparticles were tested against ESBL producing E.coli and Klebsiella. Inhibition of growth was observed by spectrophotometry. There was significant reduction in growth of ESBL positive isolates of E.coli and Klebsiella. Thus nanoparticles have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents in case of infections with ESBL positive organisms, which can be cause of high mortality and morbidity. Key words: Nanoparticle, extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL), Klebsiella
Uncertainty persists concerning the role of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad as a bacterial reservoir. Th... more Uncertainty persists concerning the role of ready-to-eat (RTE) salad as a bacterial reservoir. The attention paid to food safety by international agencies and international regulations has not improved food safety despite technological advancements, RTE salad’s microbiological quality and safety still seems challenging. The present study’s objective was to detect any microorganism in the RTE salads sold in supermarkets of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to interpret the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria to a set of antimicrobials. Phenotypic methods and biochemical analysis were used to identify the isolated bacterium from each salad sample. Antibiograms of the isolated bacteria was determined by VITEK system 2. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was performed for 15 Escherichia coli isolates for investigating evolutionary relationship and genetic analysis. The culture-based technique showed that the major species identified in samples were Aeromonas spp., Acinetobacter spp., E....
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infec... more Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen associated with healthcare infections and high mortality rates in intensive care units all over the globe. Porins and efflux pumps over-expression have been reported as contributing factors in escalating drug resistance and rendering treatment ineffective. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in A. baumannii clinical isolates. Methods: A total of 30 A. baumannii isolates were included in the present study from Nehru Hospital (PGIMER-Chandigarh) located in North India. Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay and MIC were performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Screening of beta-lactamases was performed using PCR. Relative gene expression of four RND, one MATE efflux pump, and two outer membrane proteins were determined using RT-PCR. Molecular typing of 22 isolates was carried out using MLST Oxford scheme. Results: CarO porin genes showed over-expression in 63% iso...
Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, Nov 15, 2014
BACKGROUND: Students have different preferences in the way they receive and process information. ... more BACKGROUND: Students have different preferences in the way they receive and process information. The VARK learning style model classifies students into four different learning modes; visual (V), aural (A), read/write (R), and kinesthetic (K). This model includes a questionnaire that identifies a person's learning preference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VARK questionnaire version 7.3, having 16 multiple choice questions, was distributed to first year undergraduate medical students who gave consent. RESULTS: Majority of students (60.2%) were multimodal in their learning preference. Among the multimodal students, the commonest learning preference was the bimodal category (64%), of which the highest number was seen in the AK category (24 students). The highest unimodal preference was auditory (57% of unimodal learners). There were no visual unimodal learners. The most common trimodal preferences were ARK and VAK. The total individual scores in each category were V-326, A-635, R/W-393, and K-629; auditory having the highest preference followed by kinesthetic mode. Visual mode had the lowest overall score. There was no significant difference in learning preference between the sexes. CONCLUSION: Different students have different learning styles. The teachers should use combination of teaching strategies to cater to all types of learners.
Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and sympto... more Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of coinfections is necessary to improve diagnosis and designing therapeutic interventions. We have carried out a systematic search of the published literature based on PRISMA guidelines to identify cases of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya coinfections. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies and extracted data regarding cases of coinfection from cross sectional studies, case reports, retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and surveillance reports. Care full screening resulted in 104 publications that met the eligibility criteria and reported Malaria/Dengue, Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. These coinfections were spread over six geographical locations an...
Abstract. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanaoparticles have been observed to have significant antibacterial pr... more Abstract. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanaoparticles have been observed to have significant antibacterial properties against different gram positive and gram negative organisms. This study was done to determine the effect ZnO nanoparticles against ESBL producing organisms. Which are acting as menance in treatment of severe infective conditions. ZnO nanoparticles were tested against ESBL producing E.coli and Klebsiella. Inhibition of growth was observed by spectrophotometry. There was significant reduction in growth of ESBL positive isolates of E.coli and Klebsiella. Thus nanoparticles have a potential to be used as antibacterial agents in case of infections with ESBL positive organisms, which can be cause of high mortality and morbidity. Key words: Nanoparticle, extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESBL), Klebsiella
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