Papers by S Christopher Bauer
Biomolecules, 2022
Most individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorders smoke cigarettes. Large concentrations of m... more Most individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorders smoke cigarettes. Large concentrations of malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde are found in lungs co-exposed to cigarette smoke and alcohol. Aldehydes directly injure lungs and form aldehyde protein adducts, impacting epithelial functions. Recently, 2-(3-Amino-6-chloroquinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (ADX-102) was developed as an aldehyde-trapping drug. We hypothesized that aldehyde-trapping compounds are protective against lung injury derived from cigarette smoke and alcohol co-exposure. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated mouse ciliated tracheal epithelial cells with 0–100 µM of ADX-102 followed by co-exposure to 5% cigarette smoke extract and 50 mM of ethanol. Pretreatment with ADX-102 dose-dependently protected against smoke and alcohol induced cilia-slowing, decreases in bronchial epithelial cell wound repair, decreases in epithelial monolayer resistance, and the formation of MAA adducts. ADX-102 concentrations up to 100 µM showed n...
enolPyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate syn- thase (EPSPsynthase; 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl- tra... more enolPyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate syn- thase (EPSPsynthase; 3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl- transferase; EC2.5.1.19) isachloroplast-localized enzyme of theshikimate pathway inplants. Thisenzyme isthetarget for thenonselective herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl- glycine). Wehavepreviously isolated afull-length cDNAclone ofEPSPsynthase fromPetunia hybrida. DNAsequence analysis suggested that theenzyme issynthesized asacytosolic precur- sor(pre-EPSP synthase) withanamino-terminal transit, pep- tide. Basedontheknownaminoterminus ofthemature enzyme, andthe5'openreading frame ofthecDNA,thetransit peptide ofpre-EPSP synthase wouldbemaximally 12amino acids long. Toconfirm this prediction andtoassay directly for translocation ofpre-EPSP synthase into chloroplasts invitro, wecloned thefull-length cDNAintoanSP6transcription system toproduce large amountsofmRNA forinvitro translation. Thetranslation products, whenanalyzed by NaDodSO4/PAGE autoradiography, indicate arelative molec- ul...
THIS invention relates to mutant proteins (muteins) or variants HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-3 (hIL-3) RECOM... more THIS invention relates to mutant proteins (muteins) or variants HUMAN INTERLEUKIN-3 (hIL-3) RECOMBINANT. THESE hIL-3 containing one or more amino acid substitutions and may also have amino acid deletions both in terms NY C. The invention also relates to compositions COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING HIL-3 muteins and methods for implementation. Further relates to expression vectors comprising sequences Recombinant nucleotide encoding the muteins HIL-3, A MICROBIAL EXPRESSION SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES RELATED TO MAKE THE HIL-3 muteins USING microbial expression systems. INCLUDED IN THIS INVENTION ARE THE deletion mutants HIL-3 wherein 1 to 14 amino acids have been deleted from TERMINO NY 1 to 15 AMINOACIDOS C corresponding to residues 119 to 133 have been deleted from the C, which also CONTAINING A three amino acid substitutions in the polypeptide. These polypeptides Mutants of HIL-3 MAY HAVE SIMILAR OR ACTIVITIES BIOLOGICAS better than HIL-3 and, in some cases, they may also have improved SIDE EF...
THE PRESENT INVENTION REFERS TO A VARIANT OF INTERLEUQUINA-3 (HIL-3) RECOMBINANT HUMAN OR MUTANT ... more THE PRESENT INVENTION REFERS TO A VARIANT OF INTERLEUQUINA-3 (HIL-3) RECOMBINANT HUMAN OR MUTANT PROTEINS (MUTEINS). THESE HIL-3 MUTEINS CONTAIN AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTIONS AND MAY HAVE AMINO ACID SUPPRESSIONS IN THE N- AND C LIMITS. THE INVENTION REFERS TO PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS THAT CONTAIN THE HIL-3 MUTEINS AND METHODS TO USE THEM. ADDITIONALLY, THE PRESENT INVENTION REFERS TO RECOMBINANT EXPRESSION VECTORS THAT UNDERSTAND SEQUENCES OF NUCLEOTIDES THAT CODIFY THE HIL-3 MUTEINES, RELATED MICROBIAL EXPRESSION SYSTEMS, AND PROCESSES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE 3-HISTORIAL MISTENIAN MUTEBIAN EXISTING SYSTEMS. INCLUDED IN THIS INVENTION MUTANTS OF SUPPRESSION OF HIL-3 IN WHICH FROM 1 TO 14 AMINO ACIDS HAVE BEEN DELETED FROM LIMIT N, AND FROM 1 TO 15 AMINO ACIDS 119 TO 133 HAVE BEEN DELETED FROM LIMIT C, AND THAT ALSO CONTAIN SUBSTITUTIONS FOR AMINO ACID IN THE POLYPEPTIDE. THESE POLYPEPTIDES OF MULTIPLE MUTATION HIL-3 MAY HAVE SIMILAR OR BETTER BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES THAT HIL-3 AND, I...
Psychiatry Research, 2018
Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting ar... more Body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting are common habits, but their pathological manifestations have been considered rare. Growing evidence suggests pathological forms of these behaviors can be conceptualized as a class of related disorders. However, few previous studies have examined the collective prevalence of related pathological BFRBs. The current study examined the self-reported prevalence of current (past month) subclinical and pathological BFRBs in a large (n = 4335) sample of college students. The study also examined the chronicity and impact of these behaviors. Results showed that 59.55% of the sample reported occasionally engaging in subclinical BFRBs, and 12.27% met criteria for a pathological BFRB, suggesting these conditions may be quite common. Of the various BFRB topographies, cheek biting was the most common. Both subclinical and pathological BFRBs tended to be chronic (i.e., occurring for longer than 1 year). Although persons with pathological BFRBs were distressed about their behavior, few experienced functional impairment or sought help for the behavior. Implications of these findings for the conceptualization and treatment of body-focused repetitive behaviors are discussed.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 2018
Children with persistent (chronic) tic disorders (PTDs) experience impairment across multiple dom... more Children with persistent (chronic) tic disorders (PTDs) experience impairment across multiple domains of functioning, but given high rates of other non-tic-related conditions, it is often difficult to differentiate the extent to which such impairment is related to tics or to other problems. The current study used the Child Tourette's Syndrome Impairment Scale-Parent Report (CTIM-P) to examine parents' attributions of their child's impairment in home, school, and social domains in a sample of 58 children with PTD. Each domain was rated on the extent to which the parents perceived that impairment was related to tics versus non-tic-related concerns. In addition, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to explore the relationship between tic-related impairment and tic severity. Results showed impairment in school and social activities was not differentially attributed to tics versus non-tic-related impairment, but impairment in home activities was attributed more to non-tic-related concerns than tics themselves. Moreover, tic severity was significantly correlated with tic-related impairment in home, school, and social activities, and when the dimensions of tic severity were explored, impairment correlated most strongly with motor tic complexity. Results suggest that differentiating tic-related from non-ticrelated impairment may be clinically beneficial and could lead to treatments that more effectively target problems experienced by children with PTDs.
Psychiatry research, 2018
Evidence suggests that trichotillomania is characterized by impairment in response inhibition, wh... more Evidence suggests that trichotillomania is characterized by impairment in response inhibition, which is the ability to suppress pre-potent/dominant but inappropriate responses. This study sought to test the feasibility of computerized response inhibition training for children with trichotillomania. Twenty-two children were randomized to the 8-session response inhibition training (RIT; n = 12) or a waitlisted control (WLT; n = 10). Primary outcomes were assessed by an independent evaluator, using the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I), and the NIMH Trichotillomania Severity (NIMH-TSS) and Impairment scales (NIMH-TIS) at pre, post-training/waiting, and 1-month follow-up. Relative to the WLT group, the RIT group showed a higher response rate (55% vs. 11%) on the CGI-I and a lower level of impairment on the NIMH-TIS, at post-training. Overall symptom reductions rates on the NIMH-TSS were 34% (RIT) vs. 21% (WLT) at post-training. The RIT's therapeutic gains were maintaine...
Comprehensive psychiatry, Apr 27, 2017
Several compulsive grooming habits such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting are collec... more Several compulsive grooming habits such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting are collectively known as body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). Although subclinical BFRBs are common and benign, more severe and damaging manifestations exist that are difficult to manage. Researchers have suggested that BFRBs are maintained by various cognitive, affective, and sensory contingencies. Although the involvement of cognitive and affective processes in BFRBs has been studied, there is a paucity of research on sensory processes. The current study tested whether adults with subclinical or clinical BFRBs would report abnormal patterns of sensory processing as compared to a healthy control sample. Adults with clinical BFRBs (n = 26) reported increased sensory sensitivity as compared to persons with subclinical BFRBs (n = 48) and healthy individuals (n = 33). Elevations in sensation avoidance differentiated persons with clinical versus subclinical BFRBs. Sensation seeking patterns wer...
Journal of affective disorders, Feb 10, 2017
Conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation (ED) and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (... more Conceptualizations of emotion dysregulation (ED) and body-focused repetitive behavior disorders (BFRBDs) imply that ED may be a central component of BFRBDs as well as a factor that distinguishes BFRBDs from non-impairing, subclinical body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs). The current study empirically tested these observations. One hundred thirty-eight undergraduates (of 1900 who completed a screening survey) completed self-report measures assessing four emotion regulation (ER) deficits hypothesized to underlie ED (alexithymia, maladaptive emotional reactivity, experiential avoidance, and response inhibition when distressed); 34 of these participants had BFRBDs, 64 had subclinical BFRBs, and 42 were unaffected by BFRBs. Results indicated that participants with BFRBDs reported higher levels of maladaptive emotional reactivity, experiential avoidance, and response inhibition when distressed than participants with subclinical BFRBs and participants unaffected by BFRBs. These result...
Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2015
This study investigated exam achievement and affective characteristics of students in general che... more This study investigated exam achievement and affective characteristics of students in general chemistry in a fully-randomized experimental design, contrasting Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) participation with a control group balanced for time-on-task and study activity. This study population included two independent first-semester courses with enrollments of about 600. Achievement was measured by scores on exams written by an instructor blind to student participation. Established instruments were used to assess changes in attitude to chemistry and self-concept as a chemistry learner. No differences were found in achievement, attitude, or self-concept for students who participated in PLTL vs. those who participated in documented alternative study activities. Overall, certain aspects of attitude and self-concept showed a slight but significant decline from beginning to end of semester, consistent with previous studies. Males have higher positive attitude and self-concept than females, and first-year students have higher positive attitude, selfconcept, and achievement than non first-year students. In a quasi-experimental comparison of 10 other course sections over seven years, students who self-selected into PLTL showed stronger exam achievement than those who did not choose to participate. These findings suggest that past reports of improved student performance with PLTL may in part be a consequence of attracting students who are already motivated to take advantage of its value.
The Journal of experimental medicine, Jan 22, 2016
Clinical post-influenza Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is characterized by extensive lung inflam... more Clinical post-influenza Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia is characterized by extensive lung inflammation associated with severe morbidity and mortality even after appropriate antibiotic treatment. In this study, we show that antibiotics rescue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (Nox2)-deficient mice but fail to fully protect WT animals from influenza and S. aureus coinfection. Further experiments indicate that the inefficacy of antibiotics against coinfection is attributable to oxidative stress-associated inflammatory lung injury. However, Nox2-induced lung damage during coinfection was not associated with aggravated inflammatory cytokine response or cell infiltration but rather caused by reduced survival of myeloid cells. Specifically, oxidative stress increased necrotic death of inflammatory cells, thereby resulting in lethal damage to surrounding tissue. Collectively, our results demonstrate that influenza infection disrupts the delicate balance between ...
Brain and Behavior, 2016
Background: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is traditionally used to image patients in restric... more Background: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is traditionally used to image patients in restrictive positions, with few devices allowing for upright, brain-dedicated imaging. Our team has explored the concept of wearable PET imagers which could provide functional brain imaging of freely moving subjects. To test feasibility and determine future considerations for development, we built a rudimentary proof-of-concept prototype (Helmet_PET) and conducted tests in phantoms and four human volunteers. Methods: Twelve Silicon Photomultiplier-based detectors were assembled in a ring with exterior weight support and an interior mechanism that could be adjustably fitted to the head. We conducted brain phantom tests as well as scanned four patients scheduled for diagnostic F 18-FDG PET/CT imaging. For human subjects the imager was angled such that field of view included basal ganglia and visual cortex to test for typical resting-state pattern. Imaging in two subjects was performed ~4 hr after PET/CT imaging to simulate lower injected F 18-FDG dose by taking advantage of the natural radioactive decay of the tracer (F 18 half-life of 110 min), with an estimated imaging dosage of 25% of the standard. Results: We found that imaging with a simple lightweight ring of detectors was feasible using a fraction of the standard radioligand dose. Activity levels in the human participants were quantitatively similar to standard PET in a set of anatomical ROIs. Typical resting-state brain pattern activation was demonstrated even in a 1 min scan of active head rotation. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of imaging a human subject with a novel wearable PET imager that moves with robust head movements. We discuss potential research and clinical applications that will drive the design of a fully functional device. Designs will need to consider trade-offs between a low weight device with high mobility and a heavier device with greater sensitivity and larger field of view.
Intensivmedizin Und Notfallmedizin, 2007
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Papers by S Christopher Bauer