Here, we describe three new species of Inosperma from Tropical Africa: Inosperma africanum, I. bu... more Here, we describe three new species of Inosperma from Tropical Africa: Inosperma africanum, I. bulbomarginatum and I. flavobrunneum. Morphological and molecular data show that these species have not been described before, hence need to be described as new. The phylogenetic placements of these species were inferred, based on molecular evidence from sequences of 28S and RPB2. Additional analysis using ITS dataset shows interspecific variation between each species. Phylogenetic analyses resolve I. flavobrunneum in Old World Tropical clade 1 with weak support, I. bulbomarginatum is sister of Old World Tropical clade 1 and I. africanum is indicated as sister to the rest of Inosperma. Complete description and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, are presented for each species. A new combination of Inocybe shawarensis into Inosperma is also proposed.
In a recent revision of the genus Agaricus, A. section Xanthodermatei was split into two sections... more In a recent revision of the genus Agaricus, A. section Xanthodermatei was split into two sections A. sect. Hondenses and A. sect. Xanthodermatei. Our objectives were to investigate the species diversity of both sections in Pakistan and to give an overview of the major clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined nucLSU, ITS and TEF1 dataset from 35 specimens of both sections revealed three major clades. Analyses based on ITS dataset and 106 specimens, including 33 from Pakistan, reveal eight new species and one new record species. These nine species are described in detail. It is noteworthy that intraspecific variability as well as interspecific variability between closely related species were very low in ITS sequences in many cases. In the case of the two new species A.xanthochromaticus and A.griseovariegatus, TEF1 sequence data were much more efficient than ITS to distinguish these species from each other. The other new species are A.atroumbonatus, A.fumidicolor, A.macropep...
This is the first attempt to make a comprehensive checklist of the ectomycorrhizae that exist in ... more This is the first attempt to make a comprehensive checklist of the ectomycorrhizae that exist in Pakistan. The genera are arranged in alphabetical order ( Amanita , Boletus , Cantharellus , Clavariadelphus, Clitocybe, Cortinarius, Craterellus, Descolea, Geastrum, Genea, Gomphus, Helvella, Hydnum, Lactarius, Lyophyllum, Peziza, Porphyrellus Ramaria, Russula, Sarcodon, Suillus, Tomentella, Tricholoma ), with the species arranged alphabetically within each genus. Each species is given with its distribution and host a total of twenty three (23) genera are presented.
The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interes... more The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interesting host and/or geographical records. A majority of the fungi are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a Basidiomycete, Xerocomellus fulvus described from Pakistan. Under single name nomenclature Zeuctomorpha arecae is reduced to synonymy under Acroconidiellina arecae (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities, Wojnowicia dactylidis, W. lonicerae and W. spartii are moved to the genus Wojnowiciella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Zalerion arboricola is now accommodated in Lophium (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes). Novel genera include: Alfariacladiella gen. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) with A. spartii sp. nov. as type species, and Calvolachnella gen. nov. (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) to accommodate Calvolachnella guaviyuensis comb. nov., previously included...
During a field survey of macrofungi from Kasur and Narowal districts, Punjab, Pakistan, some coll... more During a field survey of macrofungi from Kasur and Narowal districts, Punjab, Pakistan, some collections were found morphologically similar to species of Chlorophyllum. Their morphological and molecular analyses revealed two species, Chlorophyllum hortense (a new record from Pakistan) and C. molybdites (confirming a previous Pakistani record that lacked phylogenetic and detailed micro-morphological analyses).
A new species, Pseudosperma albobrunneum, is described and illustrated. The specimens are from di... more A new species, Pseudosperma albobrunneum, is described and illustrated. The specimens are from different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The identification is based on morphological characters, in combination with molecular phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The species is found distinct morphologically from all closely related taxa, and molecular data confirm its novelty.
A new species, Russula rubricolor, was collected in the Himalayan forests of Pakistan. This speci... more A new species, Russula rubricolor, was collected in the Himalayan forests of Pakistan. This species is morphologically characterized by the yellowish hymenium, bright red pileus that is convex to flat with central depression and finally infundibuliform and striate towards margin, becoming blackish red with age. The newly reported species is placed in Russula subsect. Maculatinae based molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence data and supported by the red pileus color.
A new species of Cortinarius, C. longistipitatus, in subgenus Telamonia sect. Cinnabarini, is des... more A new species of Cortinarius, C. longistipitatus, in subgenus Telamonia sect. Cinnabarini, is described and illustrated based on collections from northern Pakistan. The dark brown to blackish brown coloration of the pileus, the extraordinary long, equal to bulbous stipe, the red universal veil remnants on the stipe base and its occurrence in conifer forests make it a remarkably distinct species in the field. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. The evolutionary relationship of the species was inferred by means of Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis which revealed that C. longistipitatus is distinct from other Cortinarius species.
Pseudosperma flavorimosum is a new species described from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. ... more Pseudosperma flavorimosum is a new species described from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is delimited based on morphological characters combined with a molecular phylogeny inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. The ITS-based phylogeny supports the independence of the new species, which is also is morphologically distinct from closely related taxa.
During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilo... more During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilocystidia is proposed. The identification is based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. A comparison of the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic data with the taxa of subg. Urticocystis confirms the identity of the species as a new taxon. The detailed descriptions, line drawings and phylogenetic results are given.
Here, we describe three new species of Inosperma from Tropical Africa: Inosperma africanum, I. bu... more Here, we describe three new species of Inosperma from Tropical Africa: Inosperma africanum, I. bulbomarginatum and I. flavobrunneum. Morphological and molecular data show that these species have not been described before, hence need to be described as new. The phylogenetic placements of these species were inferred, based on molecular evidence from sequences of 28S and RPB2. Additional analysis using ITS dataset shows interspecific variation between each species. Phylogenetic analyses resolve I. flavobrunneum in Old World Tropical clade 1 with weak support, I. bulbomarginatum is sister of Old World Tropical clade 1 and I. africanum is indicated as sister to the rest of Inosperma. Complete description and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, are presented for each species. A new combination of Inocybe shawarensis into Inosperma is also proposed.
In a recent revision of the genus Agaricus, A. section Xanthodermatei was split into two sections... more In a recent revision of the genus Agaricus, A. section Xanthodermatei was split into two sections A. sect. Hondenses and A. sect. Xanthodermatei. Our objectives were to investigate the species diversity of both sections in Pakistan and to give an overview of the major clades. Phylogenetic analyses based on the combined nucLSU, ITS and TEF1 dataset from 35 specimens of both sections revealed three major clades. Analyses based on ITS dataset and 106 specimens, including 33 from Pakistan, reveal eight new species and one new record species. These nine species are described in detail. It is noteworthy that intraspecific variability as well as interspecific variability between closely related species were very low in ITS sequences in many cases. In the case of the two new species A.xanthochromaticus and A.griseovariegatus, TEF1 sequence data were much more efficient than ITS to distinguish these species from each other. The other new species are A.atroumbonatus, A.fumidicolor, A.macropep...
This is the first attempt to make a comprehensive checklist of the ectomycorrhizae that exist in ... more This is the first attempt to make a comprehensive checklist of the ectomycorrhizae that exist in Pakistan. The genera are arranged in alphabetical order ( Amanita , Boletus , Cantharellus , Clavariadelphus, Clitocybe, Cortinarius, Craterellus, Descolea, Geastrum, Genea, Gomphus, Helvella, Hydnum, Lactarius, Lyophyllum, Peziza, Porphyrellus Ramaria, Russula, Sarcodon, Suillus, Tomentella, Tricholoma ), with the species arranged alphabetically within each genus. Each species is given with its distribution and host a total of twenty three (23) genera are presented.
The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interes... more The present study introduces two new genera, 14 new species, five new combinations and 12 interesting host and/or geographical records. A majority of the fungi are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a Basidiomycete, Xerocomellus fulvus described from Pakistan. Under single name nomenclature Zeuctomorpha arecae is reduced to synonymy under Acroconidiellina arecae (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales, Dothideomycetes). Based on morphology and phylogenetic affinities, Wojnowicia dactylidis, W. lonicerae and W. spartii are moved to the genus Wojnowiciella (Phaeosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes) and Zalerion arboricola is now accommodated in Lophium (Mytilinidiaceae, Mytilinidiales, Dothideomycetes). Novel genera include: Alfariacladiella gen. nov. (Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) with A. spartii sp. nov. as type species, and Calvolachnella gen. nov. (Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetes) to accommodate Calvolachnella guaviyuensis comb. nov., previously included...
During a field survey of macrofungi from Kasur and Narowal districts, Punjab, Pakistan, some coll... more During a field survey of macrofungi from Kasur and Narowal districts, Punjab, Pakistan, some collections were found morphologically similar to species of Chlorophyllum. Their morphological and molecular analyses revealed two species, Chlorophyllum hortense (a new record from Pakistan) and C. molybdites (confirming a previous Pakistani record that lacked phylogenetic and detailed micro-morphological analyses).
A new species, Pseudosperma albobrunneum, is described and illustrated. The specimens are from di... more A new species, Pseudosperma albobrunneum, is described and illustrated. The specimens are from different areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. The identification is based on morphological characters, in combination with molecular phylogenetic analysis of sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA. The species is found distinct morphologically from all closely related taxa, and molecular data confirm its novelty.
A new species, Russula rubricolor, was collected in the Himalayan forests of Pakistan. This speci... more A new species, Russula rubricolor, was collected in the Himalayan forests of Pakistan. This species is morphologically characterized by the yellowish hymenium, bright red pileus that is convex to flat with central depression and finally infundibuliform and striate towards margin, becoming blackish red with age. The newly reported species is placed in Russula subsect. Maculatinae based molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence data and supported by the red pileus color.
A new species of Cortinarius, C. longistipitatus, in subgenus Telamonia sect. Cinnabarini, is des... more A new species of Cortinarius, C. longistipitatus, in subgenus Telamonia sect. Cinnabarini, is described and illustrated based on collections from northern Pakistan. The dark brown to blackish brown coloration of the pileus, the extraordinary long, equal to bulbous stipe, the red universal veil remnants on the stipe base and its occurrence in conifer forests make it a remarkably distinct species in the field. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. The evolutionary relationship of the species was inferred by means of Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis which revealed that C. longistipitatus is distinct from other Cortinarius species.
Pseudosperma flavorimosum is a new species described from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. ... more Pseudosperma flavorimosum is a new species described from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. It is delimited based on morphological characters combined with a molecular phylogeny inferred from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analyses. The ITS-based phylogeny supports the independence of the new species, which is also is morphologically distinct from closely related taxa.
During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilo... more During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilocystidia is proposed. The identification is based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. A comparison of the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic data with the taxa of subg. Urticocystis confirms the identity of the species as a new taxon. The detailed descriptions, line drawings and phylogenetic results are given.
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