drinking water containing dexamethasone (S + D). Tracheal responses (TR) of control animals (grou... more drinking water containing dexamethasone (S + D). Tracheal responses (TR) of control animals (group C) and three groups of sensitized guinea pigs (n = 7, for all groups) to methacholine were measured by assessment of tracheal smooth muscle to increasing concentrations of methcholine and determining of effective concentration causing 50% of maximum response (EC50). Tracheal responses to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained by 10 μM methacholine was also examined. Results: The TR to both methacholine and OA of S guinea pigs were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for EC50 and OA respectively). The TR in all treated groups to both methacholine and OA were significantly decreased compared to S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results showed a preventive effect of Z. multiflora on tracheal responses of sensitized guinea pigs.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2012
Plant regeneration was achieved in Verbascum speciosum Schard. via organogenesis and somatic embr... more Plant regeneration was achieved in Verbascum speciosum Schard. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryo explants. Two types of calli, embryogenic and non-embryogenic, were induced from mature embryo explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). In order to further proliferate the somatic embryoids, the yellow and friable embryogenic calli were transferred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg-1 charchol and 0.1 or 1 mg-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or into MS medium containing 60 g-1 sucrose, 50 mgl-1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg-1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg-1 charchol. Among the 3 tested media, MS medium containing 0.1 mg-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg-1 charchol was more effective for proliferation of embryonic calli. Somatic embryos were transferred to hormone free MS medium for maturation and shoot regeneration. In addition, shoots and roots regenerated from non-embryogenic calli in hormone free MS medium or containing NAA and BA. Shoot buds were obtained from non-embryogenic calli and they were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg-1 BA or Kin for further growth and multiplication. Regenerated plants then were potted and maintained in the greenhouse.
Journal of Herbal Drugs: International Journal on Medicinal Herbs, May 1, 2011
Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L.(Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils wi... more Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L.(Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils with hard lightness. Three species of the genus grow in Iran, among them G. glabra L. has the widest distribution. It is well known in English as Licorice and the root extract includes ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2010
Study was carried out on 11 disperse populations of Astragalus glaucops in Alvand mountain. Flori... more Study was carried out on 11 disperse populations of Astragalus glaucops in Alvand mountain. Floristic-ecologic data were collected using the unit of study as mean endogenous milieou by eco-phytosociologic method. Then data obtained from five different groups of releves for this species was analyzed by Anaphyto software with FCA method. Also the study on flavonoids of populations was carried out by thin layer choromatography. Obtained data were analyzed by MVSP software with Ward methods. Five groups resulted from floristic-ecologic study confirmed by flavonoid patterns. Results of floristic analyses showed five distinctive different groups of A. glaucops in the study region. Photochemical studies revealed five chemotypes, which confirmed the results of floristic studies. Between studied ecological factors, elevation was the most important ecological factor in creation intraspecific diversity.
Drought stress causes severe metabolic dysfunctions by formation of oxidative stress that may lea... more Drought stress causes severe metabolic dysfunctions by formation of oxidative stress that may lead to damage in DNA, inactivation of enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. Plants have developed different morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms to withstand the drought stress. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are one of the most important endogenous substances involved in the amelioration of tolerance in various plant species. In this study, the possible recovery ability of Verbascum nudicuale plants from drought stress conditions was assessed using methyl jasmonate (MJA), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), and their interactions as the PGRs in liquid culture media. Results showed that the growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment content markedly decreased due to polyethylene glycol (PEG)induced drought stress. The treatment of V. nudicuale plants with TiO 2 NPs showed a considerably improving effect on pigments synthesis and biomass production during the treatment. However, cultures containing MJA negatively affected the growth parameters and increased the content of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment of plants with PGRs showed a considerable improvement in increasing the synthesis of the phenolic compounds and proline accumulation. Alteration in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly varied in different treatments. These findings suggest that the recovery treatment with PGRs proved to be very effective in alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress.
Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in many plants and some animals. These compound... more Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in many plants and some animals. These compounds are high molecular weight glycosides, consisting of a sugar moiety linked to a triterpene or steroid aglycone. Many saponins have detergency properties and give stable foam in water. The genus Silene L. with more than 700 species is one of the largest genera of the family Caryophyllaceae mainly distributed in northern hemisphere. Saponins are one of the important secondary metabolites in the members of the genus. Quantitative and qualitative study of the saponins in the aerial parts and roots of three Silene species, namely S. ginodioica Ghaz. subsp. Penducularis (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Melzh., S. spergulifolia (Willd.) M. Bieb. and S. swertiifolia Boiss. were carried out by spectrophotometry and TLC methods. In this study, 5 fractions were obtained from each plant part and in both parts of the three species, fraction 1 contains the highest amounts of saponins. On the other hands, root extracts have high amounts of saponins. In addition, thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts revealed some saponins spots with different R f .
The methanol extracts of leaves and bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) were analyzed for... more The methanol extracts of leaves and bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) were analyzed for their phenolic profiles and screened for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Two biochemical assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging and βcaroten/linoleic acid activity systems, were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the species were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 assays, respectively. Results indicated that the extracts are different in total phenolic content. Results from antioxidant activity showed that the extracts studied in DPPH radical scavenging assay are lower active than ascorbic acid and BHT as synthetic antioxidants. Antibacterial assay showed that the bulbs extract is more effective in inactivation of Haemophilus influenzae and Bacillus cereus and the leaves extract is more effective in inactivation of Bacillus cereus at 100 mg ml-1 than others. Then, the extracts of Allium ampeloprasum possess strong antioxidant activity and may be used as new drug supplements in the future.
Journal of The Iranian Chemical Society, Jan 2, 2020
Interfacial tension (IFT) plays an important role in the processes like extraction and emulsifica... more Interfacial tension (IFT) plays an important role in the processes like extraction and emulsification, and that low level IFT is usually preferred for better hydrodynamic performance of unit operations. The present study explores the effect of a saponin-rich extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra plant on the IFT of conventional n-hexane/water system. FTIR, HPLC and LC/ MS analysis indicates a 31.39% glycyrrhizic acid as the main saponin, as well as flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The system IFT was decreased to 79.5% under the apparent CMC of about 0.20 wt%. Comparison of the obtained results with the previously reported results with extract products from other plants and with respect to much lower used dosage (less than 1:50) indicates the high preference of the product. More IFT reduction could still be achieved with temperature (within 293.2-313.2 K) and pH (within 5.5-8.5). Further, NaCl and CaCl 2 salts caused more IFT reduction due to salting-out effect and in the order of Hofmeister series; however, by strengthening the salting-in effect, IFT raised in the presence of Na 2 SO 4. The obtained data at different temperatures were nicely reproduced with a correlation based on Szyszkowski adsorption isotherm, and the corresponding parameters were obtained with reasonable variations. Consequently, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were determined.
ABSTRACT Abstract The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and includes plan... more ABSTRACT Abstract The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and includes plants that have been used widely in traditional medicine for a long time. Methanolic extracts of three Verbascum species from flora of Iran were in vitro screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three complementary test systems, namely DPPH free radical- scavenging, metal chelating activity and β-carotene/linoleic acid. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the methanolic extracts from the aerial parts were measured by Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 assays, respectively. In addition, antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts were studied by disc diffusion method against 3 Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results showed that the methanolic extract of V. sinuatum contains the highest amount of phenolic compounds and of V. speciosum represents the highest flavonoid content. Results from antioxidant activity assays showed that the studied extracts are more active than ascorbic acid as a synthetic antioxidant in DPPH radical scavenging assay, but represent lower activity in metal-chelating assay. In β- carotene/linoleic acid system, oxidation of linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by V. speciosum extract (58.4±18.1mg/g), followed by V. sinuatum (51.41±2.28 mg/g). In addition, methanolic extracts of three Verbascum species showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, Sep 11, 2014
The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicin... more The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicinal herbs in traditional medicines worldwide. In this study we achieved plant regeneration in Verbascum sinuatum L. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryos. Embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli were induced from mature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (but not for 1.5 and 3 mg l-1 NAA). For multiplication of somatic embryoids and differentiation of shoot buds, yellow and friable embryonic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, 0.5 mg l-1 charcoal and 0.1 or 1 mg l-1 2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or to MS medium containing 60 g l-1 sucrose, 50 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 charcoal. Shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration were achieved by transferring shoot buds to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA or Kin.
The reactions of α-keto stabilized phosphorus ylide Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br (Y)... more The reactions of α-keto stabilized phosphorus ylide Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br (Y) with [MCl 2 (cod)] (M = Pd or Pt; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in equimolar ratio using dichloromethane as a solvent are reported. These reactions led to the formation of new P, C-chelated pallada-and platinacycle complexes [MCl 2 (Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br)] (M = Pd (C1) and Pt (C2)). Characterization of the obtained compounds was performed by elemental analysis and IR, 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR spectroscopic methods. Also, the *
Abstract Trigonal-prismatic structures among different transition metal complexes according to th... more Abstract Trigonal-prismatic structures among different transition metal complexes according to the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are rare. The number of trigonal prisms throughout the transition-metal series is less than 1% of all six-coordinate metal centers and only 0.4% of cobalt complexes. Herein we report a novel macroacyclic Schiff base complexes incorporating piperazine moiety with Trigonal-Prismatic coordination were prepared via the metal templated of the 2,2′-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))dianiline (A) and 2-formylpyridinein the presence of appropriate Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions in methanolic/ethanolic solution. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and FT-IR. Also, the crystal structure of [CoL](ClO4)2·(H2O) complex was obtained by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. An interesting point in this report is the trigonal prismatic coordination for complexes that is the first for Schiff-base complexes containing piperazine moiety. Furthermore, these newly synthesized complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities by using scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Based on the resulting experimental data, these compounds exhibited good biological activities. The geometry of [ML]2+ (M = Co, Ni, Cu) complexes have been also optimized at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory. Furthermore the nature of M ← L (M = Co, Ni, Cu) bonds in the complexes have been studied with the help of NBO and Energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Results showed that the nature of metal-ligand bonds is more covalent (orbital term) with a contribution of about 53.4–62.8% in total interaction energy.
The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes medicinal plants, which have several bioactive... more The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes medicinal plants, which have several bioactive compounds especially saponins. The possible recovery ability of Verbascum sinuatum from drought stress conditions was assessed by using salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJA) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in liquid culture media. Thirty days-old plants were exposed to different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for creating artificial drought conditions (0, À0.3, and À0.6 MPa osmotic potential) and also treated with 200 mM methyl jasmonate (MJA), 100 mM salicylic acid (SA) and 20 ppm TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs). Results showed that the growth parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased at higher drought level (À0.6 MPa). However, SA and TiO 2 NPs alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress by increasing water stress tolerance through promotion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. MJA negatively affected the growth parameters and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and total saponin and also the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Based on the results obtained from this study, the recovery treatments mainly affected the defense-related metabolism in Verbasum sinuatum plants.
drinking water containing dexamethasone (S + D). Tracheal responses (TR) of control animals (grou... more drinking water containing dexamethasone (S + D). Tracheal responses (TR) of control animals (group C) and three groups of sensitized guinea pigs (n = 7, for all groups) to methacholine were measured by assessment of tracheal smooth muscle to increasing concentrations of methcholine and determining of effective concentration causing 50% of maximum response (EC50). Tracheal responses to 0.1% OA, relative to contraction obtained by 10 μM methacholine was also examined. Results: The TR to both methacholine and OA of S guinea pigs were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for EC50 and OA respectively). The TR in all treated groups to both methacholine and OA were significantly decreased compared to S group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results showed a preventive effect of Z. multiflora on tracheal responses of sensitized guinea pigs.
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Jun 1, 2012
Plant regeneration was achieved in Verbascum speciosum Schard. via organogenesis and somatic embr... more Plant regeneration was achieved in Verbascum speciosum Schard. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryo explants. Two types of calli, embryogenic and non-embryogenic, were induced from mature embryo explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). In order to further proliferate the somatic embryoids, the yellow and friable embryogenic calli were transferred on MS medium containing 0.5 mg-1 charchol and 0.1 or 1 mg-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or into MS medium containing 60 g-1 sucrose, 50 mgl-1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg-1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg-1 charchol. Among the 3 tested media, MS medium containing 0.1 mg-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg-1 charchol was more effective for proliferation of embryonic calli. Somatic embryos were transferred to hormone free MS medium for maturation and shoot regeneration. In addition, shoots and roots regenerated from non-embryogenic calli in hormone free MS medium or containing NAA and BA. Shoot buds were obtained from non-embryogenic calli and they were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg-1 BA or Kin for further growth and multiplication. Regenerated plants then were potted and maintained in the greenhouse.
Journal of Herbal Drugs: International Journal on Medicinal Herbs, May 1, 2011
Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L.(Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils wi... more Background & Aim: Glycyrrhiza L.(Fabaceae) consists of perennial herbs grow in sandy soils with hard lightness. Three species of the genus grow in Iran, among them G. glabra L. has the widest distribution. It is well known in English as Licorice and the root extract includes ...
International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2010
Study was carried out on 11 disperse populations of Astragalus glaucops in Alvand mountain. Flori... more Study was carried out on 11 disperse populations of Astragalus glaucops in Alvand mountain. Floristic-ecologic data were collected using the unit of study as mean endogenous milieou by eco-phytosociologic method. Then data obtained from five different groups of releves for this species was analyzed by Anaphyto software with FCA method. Also the study on flavonoids of populations was carried out by thin layer choromatography. Obtained data were analyzed by MVSP software with Ward methods. Five groups resulted from floristic-ecologic study confirmed by flavonoid patterns. Results of floristic analyses showed five distinctive different groups of A. glaucops in the study region. Photochemical studies revealed five chemotypes, which confirmed the results of floristic studies. Between studied ecological factors, elevation was the most important ecological factor in creation intraspecific diversity.
Drought stress causes severe metabolic dysfunctions by formation of oxidative stress that may lea... more Drought stress causes severe metabolic dysfunctions by formation of oxidative stress that may lead to damage in DNA, inactivation of enzymes, and lipid peroxidation. Plants have developed different morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms to withstand the drought stress. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are one of the most important endogenous substances involved in the amelioration of tolerance in various plant species. In this study, the possible recovery ability of Verbascum nudicuale plants from drought stress conditions was assessed using methyl jasmonate (MJA), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs), and their interactions as the PGRs in liquid culture media. Results showed that the growth parameters and photosynthetic pigment content markedly decreased due to polyethylene glycol (PEG)induced drought stress. The treatment of V. nudicuale plants with TiO 2 NPs showed a considerably improving effect on pigments synthesis and biomass production during the treatment. However, cultures containing MJA negatively affected the growth parameters and increased the content of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Treatment of plants with PGRs showed a considerable improvement in increasing the synthesis of the phenolic compounds and proline accumulation. Alteration in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) significantly varied in different treatments. These findings suggest that the recovery treatment with PGRs proved to be very effective in alleviating the adverse effects of drought stress.
Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in many plants and some animals. These compound... more Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in many plants and some animals. These compounds are high molecular weight glycosides, consisting of a sugar moiety linked to a triterpene or steroid aglycone. Many saponins have detergency properties and give stable foam in water. The genus Silene L. with more than 700 species is one of the largest genera of the family Caryophyllaceae mainly distributed in northern hemisphere. Saponins are one of the important secondary metabolites in the members of the genus. Quantitative and qualitative study of the saponins in the aerial parts and roots of three Silene species, namely S. ginodioica Ghaz. subsp. Penducularis (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Melzh., S. spergulifolia (Willd.) M. Bieb. and S. swertiifolia Boiss. were carried out by spectrophotometry and TLC methods. In this study, 5 fractions were obtained from each plant part and in both parts of the three species, fraction 1 contains the highest amounts of saponins. On the other hands, root extracts have high amounts of saponins. In addition, thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts revealed some saponins spots with different R f .
The methanol extracts of leaves and bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) were analyzed for... more The methanol extracts of leaves and bulbs of Allium ampeloprasum L. (Alliaceae) were analyzed for their phenolic profiles and screened for their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Two biochemical assays, namely DPPH free radical scavenging and βcaroten/linoleic acid activity systems, were used to evaluate antioxidant activity. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the species were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 assays, respectively. Results indicated that the extracts are different in total phenolic content. Results from antioxidant activity showed that the extracts studied in DPPH radical scavenging assay are lower active than ascorbic acid and BHT as synthetic antioxidants. Antibacterial assay showed that the bulbs extract is more effective in inactivation of Haemophilus influenzae and Bacillus cereus and the leaves extract is more effective in inactivation of Bacillus cereus at 100 mg ml-1 than others. Then, the extracts of Allium ampeloprasum possess strong antioxidant activity and may be used as new drug supplements in the future.
Journal of The Iranian Chemical Society, Jan 2, 2020
Interfacial tension (IFT) plays an important role in the processes like extraction and emulsifica... more Interfacial tension (IFT) plays an important role in the processes like extraction and emulsification, and that low level IFT is usually preferred for better hydrodynamic performance of unit operations. The present study explores the effect of a saponin-rich extract from Glycyrrhiza glabra plant on the IFT of conventional n-hexane/water system. FTIR, HPLC and LC/ MS analysis indicates a 31.39% glycyrrhizic acid as the main saponin, as well as flavonoid and phenolic compounds. The system IFT was decreased to 79.5% under the apparent CMC of about 0.20 wt%. Comparison of the obtained results with the previously reported results with extract products from other plants and with respect to much lower used dosage (less than 1:50) indicates the high preference of the product. More IFT reduction could still be achieved with temperature (within 293.2-313.2 K) and pH (within 5.5-8.5). Further, NaCl and CaCl 2 salts caused more IFT reduction due to salting-out effect and in the order of Hofmeister series; however, by strengthening the salting-in effect, IFT raised in the presence of Na 2 SO 4. The obtained data at different temperatures were nicely reproduced with a correlation based on Szyszkowski adsorption isotherm, and the corresponding parameters were obtained with reasonable variations. Consequently, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters were determined.
ABSTRACT Abstract The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and includes plan... more ABSTRACT Abstract The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and includes plants that have been used widely in traditional medicine for a long time. Methanolic extracts of three Verbascum species from flora of Iran were in vitro screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three complementary test systems, namely DPPH free radical- scavenging, metal chelating activity and β-carotene/linoleic acid. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of the methanolic extracts from the aerial parts were measured by Folin Ciocalteu and AlCl 3 assays, respectively. In addition, antibacterial activities of the methanolic extracts were studied by disc diffusion method against 3 Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Results showed that the methanolic extract of V. sinuatum contains the highest amount of phenolic compounds and of V. speciosum represents the highest flavonoid content. Results from antioxidant activity assays showed that the studied extracts are more active than ascorbic acid as a synthetic antioxidant in DPPH radical scavenging assay, but represent lower activity in metal-chelating assay. In β- carotene/linoleic acid system, oxidation of linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by V. speciosum extract (58.4±18.1mg/g), followed by V. sinuatum (51.41±2.28 mg/g). In addition, methanolic extracts of three Verbascum species showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, Sep 11, 2014
The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicin... more The genus Verbascum L. belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and its members are used as medicinal herbs in traditional medicines worldwide. In this study we achieved plant regeneration in Verbascum sinuatum L. via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis by culture of mature embryos. Embryogenic and nonembryogenic calli were induced from mature embryos on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of benzyl adenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (but not for 1.5 and 3 mg l-1 NAA). For multiplication of somatic embryoids and differentiation of shoot buds, yellow and friable embryonic calli were transferred to MS medium containing 30 g/l sucrose, 0.5 mg l-1 charcoal and 0.1 or 1 mg l-1 2,4dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) or to MS medium containing 60 g l-1 sucrose, 50 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate (CH), 0.5 mg l-1 kinetin (Kin), 5 mg l-1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l-1 charcoal. Shoot multiplication and plantlet regeneration were achieved by transferring shoot buds to MS medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BA or Kin.
The reactions of α-keto stabilized phosphorus ylide Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br (Y)... more The reactions of α-keto stabilized phosphorus ylide Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br (Y) with [MCl 2 (cod)] (M = Pd or Pt; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in equimolar ratio using dichloromethane as a solvent are reported. These reactions led to the formation of new P, C-chelated pallada-and platinacycle complexes [MCl 2 (Ph 2 P(CH 2) 2 PPh 2 C(H)C(O)C 6 H 4-m-Br)] (M = Pd (C1) and Pt (C2)). Characterization of the obtained compounds was performed by elemental analysis and IR, 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P NMR spectroscopic methods. Also, the *
Abstract Trigonal-prismatic structures among different transition metal complexes according to th... more Abstract Trigonal-prismatic structures among different transition metal complexes according to the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) are rare. The number of trigonal prisms throughout the transition-metal series is less than 1% of all six-coordinate metal centers and only 0.4% of cobalt complexes. Herein we report a novel macroacyclic Schiff base complexes incorporating piperazine moiety with Trigonal-Prismatic coordination were prepared via the metal templated of the 2,2′-(piperazine-1,4-diylbis(methylene))dianiline (A) and 2-formylpyridinein the presence of appropriate Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions in methanolic/ethanolic solution. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and FT-IR. Also, the crystal structure of [CoL](ClO4)2·(H2O) complex was obtained by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. An interesting point in this report is the trigonal prismatic coordination for complexes that is the first for Schiff-base complexes containing piperazine moiety. Furthermore, these newly synthesized complexes were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities by using scavenging effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and disc diffusion methods, respectively. Based on the resulting experimental data, these compounds exhibited good biological activities. The geometry of [ML]2+ (M = Co, Ni, Cu) complexes have been also optimized at the BP86/def2-SVP level of theory. Furthermore the nature of M ← L (M = Co, Ni, Cu) bonds in the complexes have been studied with the help of NBO and Energy decomposition analysis (EDA). Results showed that the nature of metal-ligand bonds is more covalent (orbital term) with a contribution of about 53.4–62.8% in total interaction energy.
The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes medicinal plants, which have several bioactive... more The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) includes medicinal plants, which have several bioactive compounds especially saponins. The possible recovery ability of Verbascum sinuatum from drought stress conditions was assessed by using salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MJA) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) as plant growth regulators (PGRs) in liquid culture media. Thirty days-old plants were exposed to different concentrations of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) for creating artificial drought conditions (0, À0.3, and À0.6 MPa osmotic potential) and also treated with 200 mM methyl jasmonate (MJA), 100 mM salicylic acid (SA) and 20 ppm TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs). Results showed that the growth parameters and the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased at higher drought level (À0.6 MPa). However, SA and TiO 2 NPs alleviated the adverse effects of drought stress by increasing water stress tolerance through promotion of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. MJA negatively affected the growth parameters and increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and total saponin and also the activity of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). Based on the results obtained from this study, the recovery treatments mainly affected the defense-related metabolism in Verbasum sinuatum plants.
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