International Journal of Social Economics, Apr 1, 2002
This paper examines the importance of property rights in women's empowerment in rural India. Argu... more This paper examines the importance of property rights in women's empowerment in rural India. Arguments justifying the need for granting property rights to women are presented and the distinction is made between legal (formal) and customary (informal) rights. The ineffectiveness of legal right in absence of customary rights has been discussed. Customary rights also become ineffective due to other institutional impediments. These impediments have been discussed. The results of extensive field work in rural West Bengal and Orissa have been presented to illustrate the pattern of development process that poor rural women want and in which the property right is only one component, not the only component.
Preface Overview Growth and Development in the Pacific Islands: An Overview of Issues Pacific Isl... more Preface Overview Growth and Development in the Pacific Islands: An Overview of Issues Pacific Islands-Regional Issues Globalisation and the Economic Future of Small Isolated Nations, Particularly in the Pacific The Pacific Plan and Labour Mobility Supply-Side Constraints to Export-Led Growth in Selected Pacific Island Countries Macro-structural Determinants of Development Banking Role in Small Island Economies: A Methodological Framework Aid, Remittances and the Informal Economy of Pacific Islands: A Development Governance Perspective E-Governance in the Pacific Islands: Entrenching Good Governance and Sustainable Development by Promoting ICT Strategies Based on the Right to Information ICT-Based Distance Education for Gender Equality in the Pacific Islands Pacific Islands Parliamentary websites: A Preliminary Survey Public Finance Management in Fiji: Issues of Governance and Growth The Management of Public Debt and Economic Growth in Fiji: An Empirical Study Transition to Market Ec...
Almost all functions of cells or organs rely on the activities of cellular enzymes. Indeed, the i... more Almost all functions of cells or organs rely on the activities of cellular enzymes. Indeed, the in-vivo activities that directly represent the cellular effects of enzymes in live organs are critical importance to appreciate the roles enzymes play in modulating physiological or pathological processes, although assessments of such in-vivo enzyme activity are more difficult than typical test-tube assays. Recently, we, for the first time, developed a direct and easy-handling method for HPLC analyzing the in-vivo activity of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). GCS that converts ceramide into glucosylceramide is a limiting-enzyme in the syntheses of glycosphingolipids and is one cause of cancer drug resistance. In our method developed, rubusoside nanomicelles delivers fluorescence N-[6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl]-D-erythro-sphingosine (NBD C6-ceramide) into mice, tissues uptake the cell-permeable substrate, and GCS converts it into NBD C6-glucosylceramide in all organs simultaneously. Further, HPLC analyzes the extracted NBD C6-glucosylceramide to assess alterations of the in-vivo GCS activities in tissues. This method can be broadly used to assess the in-vivo GCS activities in any kind of animal models to appreciate either the role GCS plays in diseases or the therapeutic efficacies of GCS inhibitors.
AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionAccess and Returns to MarketsTo Cope with... more AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionAccess and Returns to MarketsTo Cope with VulnerabilityGender Empowerment: Discrimination Against WomenDowry and Women's Bargaining PowerTheories of Household EconomyThe Institution of MarriageThe Institution of DowryReasons for Dowry-GivingWomen's Reproductive DecisionEducation, Health, and EmploymentEducationHealthEmploymentVulnerability of female laborOwnership of PropertyTechnological Development, Transfer, and AdoptionViolence Against WomenPowerlessness, voicelessness, helplessness, and peacelessnessPhysical violence against womenWomen's Participation in Political GovernanceReferences
This paper analyses the different indices applied for the measurement of human development as con... more This paper analyses the different indices applied for the measurement of human development as constructed by the United Nations Development Program. Of special interest is the Gender Development Index (GDI), introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). In light of the male bias in the Indian socio-economic context, the application of the GDI and
World Scientific Studies in International Economics, Jun 1, 2008
AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionDevelopmentThe Views of Young Marx on Dev... more AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionDevelopmentThe Views of Young Marx on DevelopmentGandhi's Ideas on DevelopmentBackground to Understanding Sen's Development PhilosophySen's Concept of DevelopmentThe Link Between Young Marx, Gandhi, and SenInstitutional Implications of Sen's Theory of DevelopmentSen's Theory of Exchange Entitlement, Endowment, and PovertyThe Essence of the TheoryDecomposition of the Theory of Exchange EntitlementPoverty and Gender EmpowermentReferences
... Kartik C. Roy,* Hans C. Blomqvist and Cal Clark 1. Introduction In all civilizations, the inf... more ... Kartik C. Roy,* Hans C. Blomqvist and Cal Clark 1. Introduction In all civilizations, the informal rules and regulations of a society gov-erned the social ... Peru 3.5 6.5 Turkey 3.5 6.5 Burkina Faso 3.4 6.6 China 3.2 6.8 India 2.9 7.1 Philippines 2.5 7.5 Indonesia 2.2 7.8 Kenya 2.1 7.9 ...
List of Figures ii List of Tables iii-vii 1. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND iii TABLES 1.1 Sample and So... more List of Figures ii List of Tables iii-vii 1. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND iii TABLES 1.1 Sample and Socioeconomic Characteristics for the Atabanda, Barabugpichlia and Chandmura Villages 2.1 Self-Measurement by respondents of their family economic status in the three villages compared to other families 2.2 Forest dependency indicators of village Atabanda, Barbugpichla, and Chandmura 2.3 Economic dependence (cash and non-cash) on forest for purposes of households surveyed in Atabanda, Barabugpichla, Chandmura, 2000, by frequency and relative frequency of responses 2.4 Weighted average consumption by respondents of forest resource dependence in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 2.5 Women's economic dependence (cash and non-cash) on forest surveyed in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 by frequency and relative frequency of responses 2.6 Weighted average consumption by respondents of women's degree of use of forest resources in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 2.7 Domination of sex in collecting various forest resources in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.8 Comparative use of forest by women in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura; higher for women? 2.9 Increase in women's status due to their contribution to family sustenance by collecting forest product 2.10 Degree of difficulty in collecting forest product in the 3 villages 2.11 Relationship between women's contribution and their status in the family 2.12 Average number of livestock ownership in three villages 2.13 Higher forest dependency due to seasonal factors 2.14 Degree of dependence on the forest for survival during drought and difficult season 2.15 Villagers' perception regarding sustainability of forest use 2.16 Specific threats to forest use sustainability as identified by villagers in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.17 Trends in biodiversity due to forest use in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.18 Trends in wildlife and plants in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.19 Customary right of villagers to use the forest for sustaining their livelihood in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.20 Effectiveness of Joint Forest Committee in forest conservation and maintaining biodiversity 2.21 Limitations on forest use by villagers in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.22 Villagers' share of revenue from the sale of timber under JFM in the 3 villages viii High Medium Low
Economic theories of the family and gender discrimination within the family are examined in the c... more Economic theories of the family and gender discrimination within the family are examined in the context of Kondh dominated tribal villages in rural western Orissa, India, drawing on results from a survey of 106 wives. The survey involved direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. This article examines the relevance of economic unitary and bargaining theories of the family in this social context, drawing on background literature. Using the survey results, socioeconomic influences on the status of wives within their families are analysed and the entitlements of female and male children are compared and analysed. Because of cultural embedding, it is suggested that the relevance of economic theories of the family depend significantly on cultural context. In many cases, it seems that poverty has a negative influence on the social empowerment of females but it is not the only influence nor always a sufficient condition for discrimination against females.
A paper prepared for "Ecosystem Conservation and Management" session of the 76 th Annual WEA Inte... more A paper prepared for "Ecosystem Conservation and Management" session of the 76 th Annual WEA International Conference to be held in San Francisco, July 4-8, 2001. This session is chaired by Edward Barbier and is scheduled for 2.30-4.15pm Saturday July 7. Preparation of this paper has benefited from a small ARC Research Grant. The usual caveat applies.
International Journal of Social Economics, Apr 1, 2002
This paper examines the importance of property rights in women's empowerment in rural India. Argu... more This paper examines the importance of property rights in women's empowerment in rural India. Arguments justifying the need for granting property rights to women are presented and the distinction is made between legal (formal) and customary (informal) rights. The ineffectiveness of legal right in absence of customary rights has been discussed. Customary rights also become ineffective due to other institutional impediments. These impediments have been discussed. The results of extensive field work in rural West Bengal and Orissa have been presented to illustrate the pattern of development process that poor rural women want and in which the property right is only one component, not the only component.
Preface Overview Growth and Development in the Pacific Islands: An Overview of Issues Pacific Isl... more Preface Overview Growth and Development in the Pacific Islands: An Overview of Issues Pacific Islands-Regional Issues Globalisation and the Economic Future of Small Isolated Nations, Particularly in the Pacific The Pacific Plan and Labour Mobility Supply-Side Constraints to Export-Led Growth in Selected Pacific Island Countries Macro-structural Determinants of Development Banking Role in Small Island Economies: A Methodological Framework Aid, Remittances and the Informal Economy of Pacific Islands: A Development Governance Perspective E-Governance in the Pacific Islands: Entrenching Good Governance and Sustainable Development by Promoting ICT Strategies Based on the Right to Information ICT-Based Distance Education for Gender Equality in the Pacific Islands Pacific Islands Parliamentary websites: A Preliminary Survey Public Finance Management in Fiji: Issues of Governance and Growth The Management of Public Debt and Economic Growth in Fiji: An Empirical Study Transition to Market Ec...
Almost all functions of cells or organs rely on the activities of cellular enzymes. Indeed, the i... more Almost all functions of cells or organs rely on the activities of cellular enzymes. Indeed, the in-vivo activities that directly represent the cellular effects of enzymes in live organs are critical importance to appreciate the roles enzymes play in modulating physiological or pathological processes, although assessments of such in-vivo enzyme activity are more difficult than typical test-tube assays. Recently, we, for the first time, developed a direct and easy-handling method for HPLC analyzing the in-vivo activity of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS). GCS that converts ceramide into glucosylceramide is a limiting-enzyme in the syntheses of glycosphingolipids and is one cause of cancer drug resistance. In our method developed, rubusoside nanomicelles delivers fluorescence N-[6-[(7-nitro-2,1,3benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl]-D-erythro-sphingosine (NBD C6-ceramide) into mice, tissues uptake the cell-permeable substrate, and GCS converts it into NBD C6-glucosylceramide in all organs simultaneously. Further, HPLC analyzes the extracted NBD C6-glucosylceramide to assess alterations of the in-vivo GCS activities in tissues. This method can be broadly used to assess the in-vivo GCS activities in any kind of animal models to appreciate either the role GCS plays in diseases or the therapeutic efficacies of GCS inhibitors.
AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionAccess and Returns to MarketsTo Cope with... more AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionAccess and Returns to MarketsTo Cope with VulnerabilityGender Empowerment: Discrimination Against WomenDowry and Women's Bargaining PowerTheories of Household EconomyThe Institution of MarriageThe Institution of DowryReasons for Dowry-GivingWomen's Reproductive DecisionEducation, Health, and EmploymentEducationHealthEmploymentVulnerability of female laborOwnership of PropertyTechnological Development, Transfer, and AdoptionViolence Against WomenPowerlessness, voicelessness, helplessness, and peacelessnessPhysical violence against womenWomen's Participation in Political GovernanceReferences
This paper analyses the different indices applied for the measurement of human development as con... more This paper analyses the different indices applied for the measurement of human development as constructed by the United Nations Development Program. Of special interest is the Gender Development Index (GDI), introduced in the 1995 Human Development Report and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). In light of the male bias in the Indian socio-economic context, the application of the GDI and
World Scientific Studies in International Economics, Jun 1, 2008
AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionDevelopmentThe Views of Young Marx on Dev... more AbstractThe following sections are included:IntroductionDevelopmentThe Views of Young Marx on DevelopmentGandhi's Ideas on DevelopmentBackground to Understanding Sen's Development PhilosophySen's Concept of DevelopmentThe Link Between Young Marx, Gandhi, and SenInstitutional Implications of Sen's Theory of DevelopmentSen's Theory of Exchange Entitlement, Endowment, and PovertyThe Essence of the TheoryDecomposition of the Theory of Exchange EntitlementPoverty and Gender EmpowermentReferences
... Kartik C. Roy,* Hans C. Blomqvist and Cal Clark 1. Introduction In all civilizations, the inf... more ... Kartik C. Roy,* Hans C. Blomqvist and Cal Clark 1. Introduction In all civilizations, the informal rules and regulations of a society gov-erned the social ... Peru 3.5 6.5 Turkey 3.5 6.5 Burkina Faso 3.4 6.6 China 3.2 6.8 India 2.9 7.1 Philippines 2.5 7.5 Indonesia 2.2 7.8 Kenya 2.1 7.9 ...
List of Figures ii List of Tables iii-vii 1. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND iii TABLES 1.1 Sample and So... more List of Figures ii List of Tables iii-vii 1. OVERVIEW AND BACKGROUND iii TABLES 1.1 Sample and Socioeconomic Characteristics for the Atabanda, Barabugpichlia and Chandmura Villages 2.1 Self-Measurement by respondents of their family economic status in the three villages compared to other families 2.2 Forest dependency indicators of village Atabanda, Barbugpichla, and Chandmura 2.3 Economic dependence (cash and non-cash) on forest for purposes of households surveyed in Atabanda, Barabugpichla, Chandmura, 2000, by frequency and relative frequency of responses 2.4 Weighted average consumption by respondents of forest resource dependence in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 2.5 Women's economic dependence (cash and non-cash) on forest surveyed in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 by frequency and relative frequency of responses 2.6 Weighted average consumption by respondents of women's degree of use of forest resources in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura, 2000 2.7 Domination of sex in collecting various forest resources in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.8 Comparative use of forest by women in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura; higher for women? 2.9 Increase in women's status due to their contribution to family sustenance by collecting forest product 2.10 Degree of difficulty in collecting forest product in the 3 villages 2.11 Relationship between women's contribution and their status in the family 2.12 Average number of livestock ownership in three villages 2.13 Higher forest dependency due to seasonal factors 2.14 Degree of dependence on the forest for survival during drought and difficult season 2.15 Villagers' perception regarding sustainability of forest use 2.16 Specific threats to forest use sustainability as identified by villagers in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.17 Trends in biodiversity due to forest use in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.18 Trends in wildlife and plants in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.19 Customary right of villagers to use the forest for sustaining their livelihood in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.20 Effectiveness of Joint Forest Committee in forest conservation and maintaining biodiversity 2.21 Limitations on forest use by villagers in Atabanda, Barabugpichla and Chandmura 2.22 Villagers' share of revenue from the sale of timber under JFM in the 3 villages viii High Medium Low
Economic theories of the family and gender discrimination within the family are examined in the c... more Economic theories of the family and gender discrimination within the family are examined in the context of Kondh dominated tribal villages in rural western Orissa, India, drawing on results from a survey of 106 wives. The survey involved direct interviews using a structured questionnaire. This article examines the relevance of economic unitary and bargaining theories of the family in this social context, drawing on background literature. Using the survey results, socioeconomic influences on the status of wives within their families are analysed and the entitlements of female and male children are compared and analysed. Because of cultural embedding, it is suggested that the relevance of economic theories of the family depend significantly on cultural context. In many cases, it seems that poverty has a negative influence on the social empowerment of females but it is not the only influence nor always a sufficient condition for discrimination against females.
A paper prepared for "Ecosystem Conservation and Management" session of the 76 th Annual WEA Inte... more A paper prepared for "Ecosystem Conservation and Management" session of the 76 th Annual WEA International Conference to be held in San Francisco, July 4-8, 2001. This session is chaired by Edward Barbier and is scheduled for 2.30-4.15pm Saturday July 7. Preparation of this paper has benefited from a small ARC Research Grant. The usual caveat applies.
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