... The faith schools debate in England There seem to be three main justifications for ... here b... more ... The faith schools debate in England There seem to be three main justifications for ... here between reforming and improving secondary education in general on the basis of ethos ... equity to ethos Whereas Coleman is concerned with distributive justice, and his argument about faith ...
This paper considers the measurement of monopoly power in light of recent advances in game theory... more This paper considers the measurement of monopoly power in light of recent advances in game theory, in particular those relating to the Shapley value [2, 3, 6]. Traditional measures of monopoly power (e.g., 17]) were all based on Cournot's model of monopoly [5], where the monopolist, knowing his demand curve and knowing that it is Independent of his action, maximizes his profits. Indeed, without the passivity of buyers, the hypothesis of profit maximization cannot operate, for then the situation is that of a game. The essential problem with this model, as pointed out by Aumann [1], is answering when buyers in a monopolized market become passive. Surely it takes more than one buyer, but will even a continuum of buyers be enough? Some examples in the literature [4, 9] suggest that with a very large number of buyers, monopoly will indeed be advantageous, in so far as a monopoly's imputation equals its Shapley value. Testing this hypothesis is the aim of the paper.
In an economy, there are essentially three approaches to the problem of value and distribution: p... more In an economy, there are essentially three approaches to the problem of value and distribution: pure competition (competitive equilibrium), coalition power (the core), and fair division (the Shapley value) [5]. In an economy without public goods but with a continuum of agents, all three approaches are equivalent, in the sense that they lead to the same allocation of goods and the same imputation of utility [1, 2]. For an economy with public goods, competitive equilibrium is replaced by the analogous concept of Lindahl equilibrium, the other approaches remaining the same.
... (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L&MH3a Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar Page ... more ... (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L&MH3a Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar Page 11. 214 THE VOCALISATION OF UNDERSTANDINGS 15 16 17 ... Page 12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 10 11 12 13 14 Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar R GARDNER 215 ...
This thesis details the establishment, organisation and development of Serowe from 1902 to 1972 a... more This thesis details the establishment, organisation and development of Serowe from 1902 to 1972 and through the analysis of the nature of Serowe society seeks to show that Serowe represents a distinctive form of African urbanism. Chapter I reviews the nature of urban settlements. Chapter II summarises major changes that have taken place in the field of urban geography and in particular considers the impact of the urban environment on ways of living. Chapter II concludes with a consideration of alternative conceptualisations of urbanism and illustrates the process of urban transformation. Chapter III focuses upon urbanisation in Africa with a broad overview of movements in African urbanism, using Yoruba urbanism as a case study. Chapter III concludes with descriptions of five selected aspects of African urbanism, namely primacy, ethnicity, occupational development, spatial arrangements and housing types. Chapters IV to VIII provide a detailed description of Serowe and are based on fi...
International Journal of Educational Development, 1996
ABSTRACT Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary edu... more ABSTRACT Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education have been selected by the editors. Incl. annexes, index, bibl.
International Journal of Educational Development, 1996
Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education ha... more Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education have been selected by the editors. Incl. annexes, index, bibl.
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Jan 27, 2016
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ... more Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect tissue-resident macrophage activity and identify cellular inflammation. Clinical studies using this technique are now emerging. We aimed to report a range of normal R2* values at 1.5 and 3 T in the myocardium and other tissues following ferumoxytol administration, outline the methodology used and suggest solutions to commonly encountered analysis problems. Twenty volunteers were recruited: 10 imaged each at 1.5 T and 3 T. T2* and late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI was conducted at baseline with further T2* imaging conducted approximately 24 h after USPIO infusion (ferumoxytol, 4 mg/kg). Regions of interest were selected in the myocardium and compared to other tissues. Following administration, USPIO was detected by changes in R2* from baseline (1/T2*) at 24 h in myocardium, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, spleen and blood at 1.5 T, and myocardium, kidney, liver, spleen, ...
... Ethics (Re) placed: Considerations for Educating Citizens in Post-Apartheid South Africa 251 ... more ... Ethics (Re) placed: Considerations for Educating Citizens in Post-Apartheid South Africa 251 Robert Balfour 17. ... Robert Balfour was formerly Lecturer at the University of Natal and Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. ...
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objectiv... more Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objective was to validate the MDRD prediction equations for GFR in patients with advanced heart failure, and to compare their predictive performance to that of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation. We analysed GFR in 45 patients referred for heart transplantation evaluation. 51Cr-EDTA-measured GFR was compared to GFR estimates obtained by MDRD1 and MDRD2 equations, CG equation using actual body weight, and ideal body weight. Regression analyses and Pearson correlations were performed, and Bland and Altman plots were drawn. ROC curves were obtained to illustrate each equation's ability to predict a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (moderate renal impairment). Patients had a mean age of 52 years, and 69% were in NYHA class III. The mean EDTA-measured GFR was 46.9+/-17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The MDRD1 equation provided the best predictive model (narrowest limits of agreement; r = 0.766, p < 0.001), and the highest performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (area under curve: 0.901). MDRD equations, especially MDRD1, adequately predict GFR in advanced heart failure, with higher accuracy than the CG equation. MDRD1 also has higher performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of biomarkers in heart failure (HF). The... more In recent years there has been an increase in the number of biomarkers in heart failure (HF). The clinical role for these novel biomarkers in combination is not clear. The following novel biomarkers were measured from 628 patients recently hospitalized with decompensated HF; mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), copeptin, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), ST2, galectin-3, cystatin C, combined free light chains (cFLC) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The incremental prognostic value of these novel biomarkers was evaluated within an extensive model containing established predictors of mortality. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.2 (1.5) years, 290 (46%) patients died. Elevated concentrations of all novel biomarkers were associated with an increased unadjusted risk of mortality but only two-thirds were independent predictors following multivariable analysis. Using dichotomized cut-points from receiver operating characteristic analysis, MR-proADM, hs-cTnT, cFLC, hsCRP, and ST2 remained independent predictors of mortality. Further dichotomization into low (0-2 elevated biomarkers) or high (at least three of the five biomarkers elevated) risk groups provided greatest incremental prognostic value (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.37-3.54; P = 0.001) and improved the performance of the model (C-statistic 0.730 from 0.721, net reclassification index 32.5%). The novel biomarkers included in this study added little, if any, incremental prognostic value on their own to a model containing established predictors of mortality. However, following dichotomization, five of the novel biomarkers provided incremental prognostic value. There was a clear gradient in the risk of death with increasing numbers of elevated novel biomarkers, with the presence of at least three identifying patients at greatest risk of mortality.
A 45-year-old woman with no significant medical history was admitted with a 4-day history of mala... more A 45-year-old woman with no significant medical history was admitted with a 4-day history of malaise, epigastric pain, and autonomic symptoms. On examination she was apyrexial and peripherally shut down with a sinus tachycardia of 120 beats/min and systolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg. Routine hematology and biochemistry results, including inflammatory markers, were unremarkable; however, her electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed deep Q waves with loss of R waves anteroseptally and laterally and reciprocal inferior T-wave inversion ( . A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was normal with echocardiography revealing a normal-sized but severely impaired left ventricle with anteroseptal, lateral, and apical akinesis, in keeping with the territorial ECG findings, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10%. Cardiac troponin T was increased at 9.17 ng/mL, and cardiogenic shock secondary to an established Q-wave anterolateral myocardial infarction was diagnosed. A dobutamine infusion was administered, and she was transferred to the regional cardiothoracic center. On arrival, she remained hypotensive and now exhibited signs of pulmonary edema. An intraaortic balloon pump was inserted, and further pharmacologic inotropic support was commenced in the form of dopamine and enoximone. Response was poor, and she was placed on the urgent list for cardiac transplantation. Despite maximal support, her condition declined rapidly, and she had a prolonged period of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation arrests before deteriorating into asystole, from which she could not be resuscitated. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed normal coronary arteries but a dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate involving both the right and left ventricles in keeping with acute viral myocarditis. A left ventricular apical thrombus and a right renal artery thromboembolus also were noted. There was no involvement of other organ systems. She was cytomeg-alovirus immunoglobulin-G positive, but myocardial viral studies failed to detect a specific virus.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objectiv... more Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objective was to validate the MDRD prediction equations for GFR in patients with advanced heart failure, and to compare their predictive performance to that of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation. We analysed GFR in 45 patients referred for heart transplantation evaluation. 51Cr-EDTA-measured GFR was compared to GFR estimates obtained by MDRD1 and MDRD2 equations, CG equation using actual body weight, and ideal body weight. Regression analyses and Pearson correlations were performed, and Bland and Altman plots were drawn. ROC curves were obtained to illustrate each equation's ability to predict a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (moderate renal impairment). Patients had a mean age of 52 years, and 69% were in NYHA class III. The mean EDTA-measured GFR was 46.9+/-17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The MDRD1 equation provided the best predictive model (narrowest limits of agreement; r = 0.766, p < 0.001), and the highest performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (area under curve: 0.901). MDRD equations, especially MDRD1, adequately predict GFR in advanced heart failure, with higher accuracy than the CG equation. MDRD1 also has higher performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
... The faith schools debate in England There seem to be three main justifications for ... here b... more ... The faith schools debate in England There seem to be three main justifications for ... here between reforming and improving secondary education in general on the basis of ethos ... equity to ethos Whereas Coleman is concerned with distributive justice, and his argument about faith ...
This paper considers the measurement of monopoly power in light of recent advances in game theory... more This paper considers the measurement of monopoly power in light of recent advances in game theory, in particular those relating to the Shapley value [2, 3, 6]. Traditional measures of monopoly power (e.g., 17]) were all based on Cournot's model of monopoly [5], where the monopolist, knowing his demand curve and knowing that it is Independent of his action, maximizes his profits. Indeed, without the passivity of buyers, the hypothesis of profit maximization cannot operate, for then the situation is that of a game. The essential problem with this model, as pointed out by Aumann [1], is answering when buyers in a monopolized market become passive. Surely it takes more than one buyer, but will even a continuum of buyers be enough? Some examples in the literature [4, 9] suggest that with a very large number of buyers, monopoly will indeed be advantageous, in so far as a monopoly's imputation equals its Shapley value. Testing this hypothesis is the aim of the paper.
In an economy, there are essentially three approaches to the problem of value and distribution: p... more In an economy, there are essentially three approaches to the problem of value and distribution: pure competition (competitive equilibrium), coalition power (the core), and fair division (the Shapley value) [5]. In an economy without public goods but with a continuum of agents, all three approaches are equivalent, in the sense that they lead to the same allocation of goods and the same imputation of utility [1, 2]. For an economy with public goods, competitive equilibrium is replaced by the analogous concept of Lindahl equilibrium, the other approaches remaining the same.
... (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L&MH3a Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar Page ... more ... (4) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 L&MH3a Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar Page 11. 214 THE VOCALISATION OF UNDERSTANDINGS 15 16 17 ... Page 12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '9 10 11 12 13 14 Mar Mai Mar Mai Mai Mai Mar R GARDNER 215 ...
This thesis details the establishment, organisation and development of Serowe from 1902 to 1972 a... more This thesis details the establishment, organisation and development of Serowe from 1902 to 1972 and through the analysis of the nature of Serowe society seeks to show that Serowe represents a distinctive form of African urbanism. Chapter I reviews the nature of urban settlements. Chapter II summarises major changes that have taken place in the field of urban geography and in particular considers the impact of the urban environment on ways of living. Chapter II concludes with a consideration of alternative conceptualisations of urbanism and illustrates the process of urban transformation. Chapter III focuses upon urbanisation in Africa with a broad overview of movements in African urbanism, using Yoruba urbanism as a case study. Chapter III concludes with descriptions of five selected aspects of African urbanism, namely primacy, ethnicity, occupational development, spatial arrangements and housing types. Chapters IV to VIII provide a detailed description of Serowe and are based on fi...
International Journal of Educational Development, 1996
ABSTRACT Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary edu... more ABSTRACT Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education have been selected by the editors. Incl. annexes, index, bibl.
International Journal of Educational Development, 1996
Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education ha... more Out of all the documents presented at the Forum, only six projects promoting primary education have been selected by the editors. Incl. annexes, index, bibl.
Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Jan 27, 2016
Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ... more Ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect tissue-resident macrophage activity and identify cellular inflammation. Clinical studies using this technique are now emerging. We aimed to report a range of normal R2* values at 1.5 and 3 T in the myocardium and other tissues following ferumoxytol administration, outline the methodology used and suggest solutions to commonly encountered analysis problems. Twenty volunteers were recruited: 10 imaged each at 1.5 T and 3 T. T2* and late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) MRI was conducted at baseline with further T2* imaging conducted approximately 24 h after USPIO infusion (ferumoxytol, 4 mg/kg). Regions of interest were selected in the myocardium and compared to other tissues. Following administration, USPIO was detected by changes in R2* from baseline (1/T2*) at 24 h in myocardium, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver, spleen and blood at 1.5 T, and myocardium, kidney, liver, spleen, ...
... Ethics (Re) placed: Considerations for Educating Citizens in Post-Apartheid South Africa 251 ... more ... Ethics (Re) placed: Considerations for Educating Citizens in Post-Apartheid South Africa 251 Robert Balfour 17. ... Robert Balfour was formerly Lecturer at the University of Natal and Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. ...
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objectiv... more Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objective was to validate the MDRD prediction equations for GFR in patients with advanced heart failure, and to compare their predictive performance to that of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation. We analysed GFR in 45 patients referred for heart transplantation evaluation. 51Cr-EDTA-measured GFR was compared to GFR estimates obtained by MDRD1 and MDRD2 equations, CG equation using actual body weight, and ideal body weight. Regression analyses and Pearson correlations were performed, and Bland and Altman plots were drawn. ROC curves were obtained to illustrate each equation's ability to predict a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (moderate renal impairment). Patients had a mean age of 52 years, and 69% were in NYHA class III. The mean EDTA-measured GFR was 46.9+/-17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The MDRD1 equation provided the best predictive model (narrowest limits of agreement; r = 0.766, p < 0.001), and the highest performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (area under curve: 0.901). MDRD equations, especially MDRD1, adequately predict GFR in advanced heart failure, with higher accuracy than the CG equation. MDRD1 also has higher performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
In recent years there has been an increase in the number of biomarkers in heart failure (HF). The... more In recent years there has been an increase in the number of biomarkers in heart failure (HF). The clinical role for these novel biomarkers in combination is not clear. The following novel biomarkers were measured from 628 patients recently hospitalized with decompensated HF; mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), copeptin, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), ST2, galectin-3, cystatin C, combined free light chains (cFLC) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). The incremental prognostic value of these novel biomarkers was evaluated within an extensive model containing established predictors of mortality. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 3.2 (1.5) years, 290 (46%) patients died. Elevated concentrations of all novel biomarkers were associated with an increased unadjusted risk of mortality but only two-thirds were independent predictors following multivariable analysis. Using dichotomized cut-points from receiver operating characteristic analysis, MR-proADM, hs-cTnT, cFLC, hsCRP, and ST2 remained independent predictors of mortality. Further dichotomization into low (0-2 elevated biomarkers) or high (at least three of the five biomarkers elevated) risk groups provided greatest incremental prognostic value (hazard ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.37-3.54; P = 0.001) and improved the performance of the model (C-statistic 0.730 from 0.721, net reclassification index 32.5%). The novel biomarkers included in this study added little, if any, incremental prognostic value on their own to a model containing established predictors of mortality. However, following dichotomization, five of the novel biomarkers provided incremental prognostic value. There was a clear gradient in the risk of death with increasing numbers of elevated novel biomarkers, with the presence of at least three identifying patients at greatest risk of mortality.
A 45-year-old woman with no significant medical history was admitted with a 4-day history of mala... more A 45-year-old woman with no significant medical history was admitted with a 4-day history of malaise, epigastric pain, and autonomic symptoms. On examination she was apyrexial and peripherally shut down with a sinus tachycardia of 120 beats/min and systolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg. Routine hematology and biochemistry results, including inflammatory markers, were unremarkable; however, her electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed deep Q waves with loss of R waves anteroseptally and laterally and reciprocal inferior T-wave inversion ( . A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram was normal with echocardiography revealing a normal-sized but severely impaired left ventricle with anteroseptal, lateral, and apical akinesis, in keeping with the territorial ECG findings, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10%. Cardiac troponin T was increased at 9.17 ng/mL, and cardiogenic shock secondary to an established Q-wave anterolateral myocardial infarction was diagnosed. A dobutamine infusion was administered, and she was transferred to the regional cardiothoracic center. On arrival, she remained hypotensive and now exhibited signs of pulmonary edema. An intraaortic balloon pump was inserted, and further pharmacologic inotropic support was commenced in the form of dopamine and enoximone. Response was poor, and she was placed on the urgent list for cardiac transplantation. Despite maximal support, her condition declined rapidly, and she had a prolonged period of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation arrests before deteriorating into asystole, from which she could not be resuscitated. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed normal coronary arteries but a dense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate involving both the right and left ventricles in keeping with acute viral myocarditis. A left ventricular apical thrombus and a right renal artery thromboembolus also were noted. There was no involvement of other organ systems. She was cytomeg-alovirus immunoglobulin-G positive, but myocardial viral studies failed to detect a specific virus.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objectiv... more Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has major prognostic implications in heart failure. Our objective was to validate the MDRD prediction equations for GFR in patients with advanced heart failure, and to compare their predictive performance to that of the Cockcroft-Gault (CG) equation. We analysed GFR in 45 patients referred for heart transplantation evaluation. 51Cr-EDTA-measured GFR was compared to GFR estimates obtained by MDRD1 and MDRD2 equations, CG equation using actual body weight, and ideal body weight. Regression analyses and Pearson correlations were performed, and Bland and Altman plots were drawn. ROC curves were obtained to illustrate each equation's ability to predict a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (moderate renal impairment). Patients had a mean age of 52 years, and 69% were in NYHA class III. The mean EDTA-measured GFR was 46.9+/-17.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. The MDRD1 equation provided the best predictive model (narrowest limits of agreement; r = 0.766, p < 0.001), and the highest performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (area under curve: 0.901). MDRD equations, especially MDRD1, adequately predict GFR in advanced heart failure, with higher accuracy than the CG equation. MDRD1 also has higher performance in predicting a GFR less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2.
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Papers by Roy Gardner