Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation... more Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Brennan, R F. (1987), To effects of rates of phosphorus and nitrogen on the copper and zinc status of wheat plants and grain production..
Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation... more Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Brennan, R F. (1987), The effect of rates of nitrogen on the copper and zinc concentration and grain yield of wheat plants.
The contents of this report were based on the best available information at the time of publicati... more The contents of this report were based on the best available information at the time of publication. Conditions may change over time and conclusions should be interpreted in the light of the latest information available.
Disclaimer 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are p... more Disclaimer 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientifi c information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy reliability completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specifi ed in this publication ('Specifi ed Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specifi ed Product or any manufacturer of a Specifi ed Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specifi ed Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specifi ed Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specifi ed on the label.
Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a ... more Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a trade name or company in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or company by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. DISCLAIMER 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientific information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss, liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department if Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specified in this publication ('Specified Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specified Product or any manufacturer of a Specified Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specified Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specified Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specified on the label.
Herbicide management trials in collaboration with Aventis showed that the new herbicide 'Balance'... more Herbicide management trials in collaboration with Aventis showed that the new herbicide 'Balance' was very effective in controlling broadleaf weeds (wild radish, mustard, etc.) in chickpea crops. This herbicide offers greater flexibility in weed management of chickpeas. Row spacing studies showed that chickpea grown in rows spaced at 570 mm produced greater yields than when grown in rows spaced at 180 mm. Wide row spacing will now be investigated as a possible method for improving disease management in chickpea. Germplasm screening nurseries for faba beans were established at Dongara, Merredin, Katanning and Esperance. These sites will be maintained for several years and will be used to screen faba bean germplasm under consistent disease pressure. The nurseries are key components of the strategy to develop chocolate spot and ascochyta resistant faba bean varieties for WA. Field pea quality research showed that the most important factor affecting seed quality was variety. Among the agronomic factors examined, very high sowing rates (above recommended rates) significantly reduced mean seed size. Sowing rate did not affect the variability of seed sizes within the sample, nor did it affect seed colour or hard seededness. Marrowfat pea was identified as a high value crop and was shown to be a potentially a lucrative cropping option for spring planting in high rainfall regions of the southwest. The WA company, Premium Grain Handlers (PGH), was able to obtain the license (from Cebeco Zaden of the Netherlands) to supply the marrowfat pea variety 'Primo'. About 200 kg of this variety was supplied to PGH and is currently being multiplied. In collaboration with CSIRO Livestock Industries (Perth) the nutritional value of Lathyrus cicera (cv. Chalus) compared to narrow leafed lupin grain for sheep was undertaken. The feeding experiments showed that Chalus has a higher nutritional value than lupin in terms of voluntary feed intake, live weight gain, carcass weights, wool growth and feed efficiency. There were no differences in meat quality between sheep fed lupins or Chalus (e.g. redness, pH, taste or tenderness). Compared to lupin grain, Chalus grain appears to be of high nutritional value for sheep, with no adverse effects on sheep health. Agronomic and disease management packages for pulse varieties continued to be developed in all regions through an extensive field program in 2000. Research continued on variety and germplasm evaluation, row spacing in chickpea, seed quality testing, and herbicides for broad-leaf weed control in pulse crops. Large scale demonstration trials of pulse varieties, crop management (raised beds, row spacing) and disease management strategies were conducted on farms. Other more basic research on drought resistance and cold tolerance of chickpea was conducted in collaboration with CSIRO and the Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA). Work on the epidemiology of major fungal diseases of pulses also commenced during the 2000 season. Major pulse field days were organised in conjunction with each of the pulse grower associations. These were all well attended with about 50-100 growers present at each meeting. Pulse field walks were held at trial sites on farmers paddocks throughout the grain belt, which allowed first hand observation of current work on pulse management and new varieties. Numerous press releases, television and radio interviews, newspaper and magazine articles by the project team helped promote pulses in WA. About 12 contributions to corporate publications (e.g. AgMemo, Primary Focus) and technical bulletins were published and four issues of 'On the Pulse' newsletter were produced during the year. Major extension publications for 2000 included 'Managing Ascochyta Blight in Chickpeas' and 'Common Vetch Production Technology'. A total of 16 scientific papers, two book chapters and 12 conference papers on pulses were published during 2000.
Nutrition 40 kg/ha BF + 40 kg Balance + 60 kg/ha urea at six weeks 40.3 a 174.9 c 28.1 c 4.73 c 4... more Nutrition 40 kg/ha BF + 40 kg Balance + 60 kg/ha urea at six weeks 40.3 a 174.9 c 28.1 c 4.73 c 40.2 ab 7.49 ab Means with diff erent letters are signifi cantly diff erent at P ≤ 0.05. The Balance development programme provides a proven option for growers interested in building soil biological fertility. It is convenient, cost eff ective, complements developing precision farming techniques and removes typical barriers to the adoption of new technologies.
Recommended Citation Sweetingham, M, Buirchell, B J, French, B, Wahlsten, L, Wtoth, J, Bayliss, K... more Recommended Citation Sweetingham, M, Buirchell, B J, French, B, Wahlsten, L, Wtoth, J, Bayliss, K, Cowling, W, Brennan, R F, Dracup, M, Galwey, N, Thomsom, B, Salam, M, Diggle, A, Thomas, G, O'Neill, B, Thackray, D, Walden, K, Shankar, M, Wright, D, Burges, N, Yang, H, You, M P, Bowran, D, Hashem, A, Wilkins, N, Cheam, A, Piper, T, Blackwell, P, Obst, M, Sandison, A, Weeks, C, Hasson, E, Moreschi, L, Glencross, B, Clements, J, Dracup, M, Hall, R, Johnson, S, Ball, M, Sipsas, S, and Petterson, D. (2001), Crop Updates 2001 Lupins. Agriculture Western Australia, Perth. Conference Proceeding.
Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a ... more Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a trade name or company in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or company by the Department of Agriculture. DISCLAIMER 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientific information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss, liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department if Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specified in this publication ('Specified Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specified Product or any manufacturer of a Specified Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specified Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specified Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specified on the label.
With the rapid increase in the area sown to canola in south west Western Australia, the crop is n... more With the rapid increase in the area sown to canola in south west Western Australia, the crop is now being grown in the poorer sandy soils of the region, including potassium (K) deficient soils where K fertiliser is now recommended for cereal production. Does K fertiliser need to be applied to canola grown on these soils? Research work has only recently commenced on the fertiliser K requirement of canola in Western Australia. Preliminary results are presented here. INTRODUCTION Canola has higher concentrations of the major nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus and sulphur and K in the seed compared to that found in wheat grain. Table 1. Nutrients removed (kg) per tonne of grain and stubble Nutrients removed (kg) per tonne of grain and stubble Crop Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulphur Potassium Canola:seed Straw 15–40 4–10 4–7.0 2–4 2–10 3–12 8–10 25–31 Wheat grain straw 17–23 4–6 2–4 0.5–1.0 1.5–3.0 1.0–2.0 4–6 10–14 Unpublished data from Western Australia and Australian sources; M. Mason. Pota...
This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise ... more This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise economic grain yield in winter-dominant rainfall regions of the Mediterranean type. Tactical decisions are defined as those relating to the period from immediately before sowing to harvest. Tactical management is the principal means by which farmers respond to changing environmental and short-term economic conditions as the season progresses. The review considers published evidence that underpins these decisions and relates to cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats), pulse crops (field pea, faba bean, chickpea and narrow-leaved lupin) and canola. The criteria used to guide management decisions during the season involve soil and tissue tests for nutrients, knowledge of weed numbers and resistance status in the current and previous seasons, weather conditions that favour disease development, and knowledge of thresholds and biology of insect pests that may warrant control measures. All of the...
Disease management strategies need to be tailored to varieties to achieve optimal crop performanc... more Disease management strategies need to be tailored to varieties to achieve optimal crop performance. • A two spray program (early stem elongation plus flag emergence sprays) was more effective than combining seed treatment or in-furrow fungicide with flag emergence sprays in high leaf rust situations. • Triazole fungicides have a broad range of activities. Among these, triadimefon provides the most cost-effective control of leaf rust and powdery mildew whereas propiconazole is most effective for yellow spot. FUNGICIDE SPRAYING METHOD Past research has shown that a plane can be just as effective as a ground boom. Grower experiences in 2000 suggest that in high disease pressure situations the higher water volumes available through a boom may allow better disease control. Some in crop comparisons carried out by the Mingenew-Irwin Group in 2000 showed that boom spray wheel damage is minimised when a Rogator is used. Three harvest trials showed an average of 0.7% yield loss associated with wheel tracks when spraying took place at flag leaf emergence. Because timing of application is critical a grower needs to decide the best method of application based on access to plane or Rogator and whether or not disease pressure warrants rapid control and the flexibility of high water volumes. CONCLUSIONS Variability in yield response with fungicide relates partly to varietal resistance, disease spectrum and severity, and seasonal conditions. Number of applications and rates of fungicide needs to be tuned with these factors. Multiple foliar sprays are more cost effective than seed treatment and in-furrow fungicide in controlling early infection of leaf rust on susceptible varieties. Selecting which fungicide depends on disease spectrum. Commercially available triazole fungicides provide effective control of leaf rust whereas their effectiveness varies against yellow spot. Propiconazole is most effective when controlling yellow spot. Aerial and ground sprays are effective in controlling disease. Timing is more important than the method of application. The most timely application method should be used. Severe disease should be controlled earlier with rates appropriate to the duration of control required. Predicting future disease risk using local weather variables will help in further refining of fungicide spray decisions. AGWEST research is supported with financial assistance provided by GRDC. The provision of samples by fungicide manufacturers and cooperation of growers is gratefully acknowledged.
Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation... more Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Brennan, R F. (1987), To effects of rates of phosphorus and nitrogen on the copper and zinc status of wheat plants and grain production..
Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation... more Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons Recommended Citation Recommended Citation Brennan, R F. (1987), The effect of rates of nitrogen on the copper and zinc concentration and grain yield of wheat plants.
The contents of this report were based on the best available information at the time of publicati... more The contents of this report were based on the best available information at the time of publication. Conditions may change over time and conclusions should be interpreted in the light of the latest information available.
Disclaimer 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are p... more Disclaimer 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientifi c information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy reliability completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specifi ed in this publication ('Specifi ed Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture and Food the Director General of the Department of Agriculture and Food, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective offi cers employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specifi ed Product or any manufacturer of a Specifi ed Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specifi ed Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specifi ed Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specifi ed on the label.
Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a ... more Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a trade name or company in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or company by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. DISCLAIMER 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientific information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss, liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department if Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specified in this publication ('Specified Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specified Product or any manufacturer of a Specified Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specified Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specified Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specified on the label.
Herbicide management trials in collaboration with Aventis showed that the new herbicide 'Balance'... more Herbicide management trials in collaboration with Aventis showed that the new herbicide 'Balance' was very effective in controlling broadleaf weeds (wild radish, mustard, etc.) in chickpea crops. This herbicide offers greater flexibility in weed management of chickpeas. Row spacing studies showed that chickpea grown in rows spaced at 570 mm produced greater yields than when grown in rows spaced at 180 mm. Wide row spacing will now be investigated as a possible method for improving disease management in chickpea. Germplasm screening nurseries for faba beans were established at Dongara, Merredin, Katanning and Esperance. These sites will be maintained for several years and will be used to screen faba bean germplasm under consistent disease pressure. The nurseries are key components of the strategy to develop chocolate spot and ascochyta resistant faba bean varieties for WA. Field pea quality research showed that the most important factor affecting seed quality was variety. Among the agronomic factors examined, very high sowing rates (above recommended rates) significantly reduced mean seed size. Sowing rate did not affect the variability of seed sizes within the sample, nor did it affect seed colour or hard seededness. Marrowfat pea was identified as a high value crop and was shown to be a potentially a lucrative cropping option for spring planting in high rainfall regions of the southwest. The WA company, Premium Grain Handlers (PGH), was able to obtain the license (from Cebeco Zaden of the Netherlands) to supply the marrowfat pea variety 'Primo'. About 200 kg of this variety was supplied to PGH and is currently being multiplied. In collaboration with CSIRO Livestock Industries (Perth) the nutritional value of Lathyrus cicera (cv. Chalus) compared to narrow leafed lupin grain for sheep was undertaken. The feeding experiments showed that Chalus has a higher nutritional value than lupin in terms of voluntary feed intake, live weight gain, carcass weights, wool growth and feed efficiency. There were no differences in meat quality between sheep fed lupins or Chalus (e.g. redness, pH, taste or tenderness). Compared to lupin grain, Chalus grain appears to be of high nutritional value for sheep, with no adverse effects on sheep health. Agronomic and disease management packages for pulse varieties continued to be developed in all regions through an extensive field program in 2000. Research continued on variety and germplasm evaluation, row spacing in chickpea, seed quality testing, and herbicides for broad-leaf weed control in pulse crops. Large scale demonstration trials of pulse varieties, crop management (raised beds, row spacing) and disease management strategies were conducted on farms. Other more basic research on drought resistance and cold tolerance of chickpea was conducted in collaboration with CSIRO and the Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA). Work on the epidemiology of major fungal diseases of pulses also commenced during the 2000 season. Major pulse field days were organised in conjunction with each of the pulse grower associations. These were all well attended with about 50-100 growers present at each meeting. Pulse field walks were held at trial sites on farmers paddocks throughout the grain belt, which allowed first hand observation of current work on pulse management and new varieties. Numerous press releases, television and radio interviews, newspaper and magazine articles by the project team helped promote pulses in WA. About 12 contributions to corporate publications (e.g. AgMemo, Primary Focus) and technical bulletins were published and four issues of 'On the Pulse' newsletter were produced during the year. Major extension publications for 2000 included 'Managing Ascochyta Blight in Chickpeas' and 'Common Vetch Production Technology'. A total of 16 scientific papers, two book chapters and 12 conference papers on pulses were published during 2000.
Nutrition 40 kg/ha BF + 40 kg Balance + 60 kg/ha urea at six weeks 40.3 a 174.9 c 28.1 c 4.73 c 4... more Nutrition 40 kg/ha BF + 40 kg Balance + 60 kg/ha urea at six weeks 40.3 a 174.9 c 28.1 c 4.73 c 40.2 ab 7.49 ab Means with diff erent letters are signifi cantly diff erent at P ≤ 0.05. The Balance development programme provides a proven option for growers interested in building soil biological fertility. It is convenient, cost eff ective, complements developing precision farming techniques and removes typical barriers to the adoption of new technologies.
Recommended Citation Sweetingham, M, Buirchell, B J, French, B, Wahlsten, L, Wtoth, J, Bayliss, K... more Recommended Citation Sweetingham, M, Buirchell, B J, French, B, Wahlsten, L, Wtoth, J, Bayliss, K, Cowling, W, Brennan, R F, Dracup, M, Galwey, N, Thomsom, B, Salam, M, Diggle, A, Thomas, G, O'Neill, B, Thackray, D, Walden, K, Shankar, M, Wright, D, Burges, N, Yang, H, You, M P, Bowran, D, Hashem, A, Wilkins, N, Cheam, A, Piper, T, Blackwell, P, Obst, M, Sandison, A, Weeks, C, Hasson, E, Moreschi, L, Glencross, B, Clements, J, Dracup, M, Hall, R, Johnson, S, Ball, M, Sipsas, S, and Petterson, D. (2001), Crop Updates 2001 Lupins. Agriculture Western Australia, Perth. Conference Proceeding.
Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a ... more Permission of the publisher is required for articles being reproduced or presented. Mention of a trade name or company in this publication does not imply endorsement of any product or company by the Department of Agriculture. DISCLAIMER 1. The information, representations and statements contained in this publication are provided for general scientific information purposes only. 2. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) do not make any representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the information, representations or statements in this publication (including but not limited to information which has been provided by third parties); and b) shall not be liable, in negligence or otherwise, to a person for any loss, liability or damage arising out of an act or failure to act by any person in using or relying on any information, representation or statements contained in this publication. 3. The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department if Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employees and agents: a) make no representations or warranty that any of the products specified in this publication ('Specified Products') are registered pursuant to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994 (WA). 4. a) The State of Western Australia, the Minister for Agriculture, the Director General of the Department of Agriculture, the Grains Research and Development Corporation and their respective officers, employee and agents do not endorse or recommend any Specified Product or any manufacturer of a Specified Product. Brand, trade and proprietary names have been be used solely for the purpose of assisting users of this publication to identify products. b) Products that are not Specified Products ('Alternative Products') may perform as well as or better than Specified Products. 5. Users of any chemical product should always read the label on the product before use and should follow the directions specified on the label.
With the rapid increase in the area sown to canola in south west Western Australia, the crop is n... more With the rapid increase in the area sown to canola in south west Western Australia, the crop is now being grown in the poorer sandy soils of the region, including potassium (K) deficient soils where K fertiliser is now recommended for cereal production. Does K fertiliser need to be applied to canola grown on these soils? Research work has only recently commenced on the fertiliser K requirement of canola in Western Australia. Preliminary results are presented here. INTRODUCTION Canola has higher concentrations of the major nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus and sulphur and K in the seed compared to that found in wheat grain. Table 1. Nutrients removed (kg) per tonne of grain and stubble Nutrients removed (kg) per tonne of grain and stubble Crop Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulphur Potassium Canola:seed Straw 15–40 4–10 4–7.0 2–4 2–10 3–12 8–10 25–31 Wheat grain straw 17–23 4–6 2–4 0.5–1.0 1.5–3.0 1.0–2.0 4–6 10–14 Unpublished data from Western Australia and Australian sources; M. Mason. Pota...
This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise ... more This study reviews published information on the tactical management decisions needed to maximise economic grain yield in winter-dominant rainfall regions of the Mediterranean type. Tactical decisions are defined as those relating to the period from immediately before sowing to harvest. Tactical management is the principal means by which farmers respond to changing environmental and short-term economic conditions as the season progresses. The review considers published evidence that underpins these decisions and relates to cereal crops (wheat, barley and oats), pulse crops (field pea, faba bean, chickpea and narrow-leaved lupin) and canola. The criteria used to guide management decisions during the season involve soil and tissue tests for nutrients, knowledge of weed numbers and resistance status in the current and previous seasons, weather conditions that favour disease development, and knowledge of thresholds and biology of insect pests that may warrant control measures. All of the...
Disease management strategies need to be tailored to varieties to achieve optimal crop performanc... more Disease management strategies need to be tailored to varieties to achieve optimal crop performance. • A two spray program (early stem elongation plus flag emergence sprays) was more effective than combining seed treatment or in-furrow fungicide with flag emergence sprays in high leaf rust situations. • Triazole fungicides have a broad range of activities. Among these, triadimefon provides the most cost-effective control of leaf rust and powdery mildew whereas propiconazole is most effective for yellow spot. FUNGICIDE SPRAYING METHOD Past research has shown that a plane can be just as effective as a ground boom. Grower experiences in 2000 suggest that in high disease pressure situations the higher water volumes available through a boom may allow better disease control. Some in crop comparisons carried out by the Mingenew-Irwin Group in 2000 showed that boom spray wheel damage is minimised when a Rogator is used. Three harvest trials showed an average of 0.7% yield loss associated with wheel tracks when spraying took place at flag leaf emergence. Because timing of application is critical a grower needs to decide the best method of application based on access to plane or Rogator and whether or not disease pressure warrants rapid control and the flexibility of high water volumes. CONCLUSIONS Variability in yield response with fungicide relates partly to varietal resistance, disease spectrum and severity, and seasonal conditions. Number of applications and rates of fungicide needs to be tuned with these factors. Multiple foliar sprays are more cost effective than seed treatment and in-furrow fungicide in controlling early infection of leaf rust on susceptible varieties. Selecting which fungicide depends on disease spectrum. Commercially available triazole fungicides provide effective control of leaf rust whereas their effectiveness varies against yellow spot. Propiconazole is most effective when controlling yellow spot. Aerial and ground sprays are effective in controlling disease. Timing is more important than the method of application. The most timely application method should be used. Severe disease should be controlled earlier with rates appropriate to the duration of control required. Predicting future disease risk using local weather variables will help in further refining of fungicide spray decisions. AGWEST research is supported with financial assistance provided by GRDC. The provision of samples by fungicide manufacturers and cooperation of growers is gratefully acknowledged.
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