Papers by Rosemary Ricciardelli
Routledge eBooks, Aug 31, 2022
Routledge eBooks, Aug 31, 2022
Journal of police and criminal psychology, Mar 23, 2024
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Public safety personnel (PSP) experience a disproportionately high number of on-the-job stressors... more Public safety personnel (PSP) experience a disproportionately high number of on-the-job stressors compared to the general population. PSP develop self-initiated actions, or coping strategies, that either confront the situation (approach strategies) or avoid the situation (avoidance strategies) to reduce the impact of stressors on their well-being. Understanding how PSP cope with stress is critical to ensuring their safety and that of the public. In the current study, we examined the coping strategies of PSP (n = 828 in the total sample). Participants managed their experiences of occupational stress or distress using three primary approach coping strategies: education (learning about mental illness and their causes), self-reliance (processes of self-reflection), and treatment (pharmaceutical, psychotherapy) that were considered adaptive. Results demonstrate PSP used multiple coping strategies simultaneously to deal with occupational stress. PSP who reported doing better tended to att...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Aims: We explore social and relational dynamics tied to an unexplored potentially psychologically... more Aims: We explore social and relational dynamics tied to an unexplored potentially psychologically traumatic event (PPTE) that can impact nurses’ well-being and sense of their occupational responsibilities: namely, the moral, ethical, or professional dilemmas encountered in their occupational work. Design: We used a semi-constructed grounded theory approach to reveal prevalent emergent themes from the qualitative, open-ended component of our survey response data as part of a larger mixed-methods study. Methods: We administered a national Canadian survey on nurses’ experiences of occupational stressors and their health and well-being between May and September 2019. In the current study, we analyzed data from four open text fields in the PPTE section of the survey. Results: In total, at least 109 participants noted that their most impactful PPTE exposure was a moral, professional, and/or ethical dilemma. These participants volunteered the theme as a spontaneous addition to the list of ...
Imprisonment: Identity, Experience and Practice
Social Science & Medicine
Today, across all aspects of societal living, risk assessment is an ever-present exercise. Pervas... more Today, across all aspects of societal living, risk assessment is an ever-present exercise. Pervasiveness of technology in the everyday life has caused the world of 'risk' to change tremendously, and this is particularly true for childbearing females. The social construction of pregnancy and childbirth as, arguably, medical events that necessitate medical intervention - ever more so for multifetal pregnancies - makes it almost impossible to avoid the notions of risk that surround the events. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 41 mothers of twins or triplets, we investigate how understandings of risk, combined with the ideology of good motherhood and information provided by physicians impact perceptions of fetal reduction or termination. We have discussed and theorized empirical findings within the framework of risk, discourses of the responsibilization of females, and the potential 'sacred child' in a context where selective reduction becomes a potentiality.
Journal of Gender Studies
ABSTRACT Youth, particularly female teens, are encouraged to self-monitor and be responsible for ... more ABSTRACT Youth, particularly female teens, are encouraged to self-monitor and be responsible for their actions online in order to avoid harm from cyberbullying, ‘sexting,’ and other forms of cyber-risk. Highlighting findings from 35 focus groups with Canadian teens regarding sexting, we show the continued saliency of a gendered double standard applied to the online distribution of nudes. Our sample of male and female teens (n = 115) from urban and rural regions, aged 13–19, underscores the relatively lower ‘stakes’ involved with sexting for male teens. We explore this trend with specific reference to the salience of hegemonic masculinities and the gendered aspects of public and private spaces, both online and offline. Public exposure of nudes has potentially serious stigmatizing consequences for youth. We highlight teen experiences sending and receiving images of male penises (‘dick pics’), which is an under-researched aspect of sexting. We show the relative ubiquity of receiving ‘dick pics’ among female teens, exploring various reactions, and male motivations for doing so from male and female standpoints. Policy implications are discussed with specific reference to school-based cyber-safety programs, which our participants indicate remain highly gendered, neglecting epistemological questions around male experiences and responsibility.
Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société, 2018
Guided by Weiner’s (1993, Am Psychol 48:957-964) attribution theory of social motivation, we exam... more Guided by Weiner’s (1993, Am Psychol 48:957-964) attribution theory of social motivation, we examined perceptions of exonerees. Specifically, we examined whether biased police procedures impacted perceptions of responsibility, emotional reactions, and willingness to assist exonerees. Participants read a vignette involving an exoneration due to either a false confession or an eyewitness misidentification with police practices (biased vs. unbiased) manipulated across participants. Findings corroborate that participants hold more negative views of exonerees who falsely confess than exonerees who were mistakenly identified by eyewitnesses. Moreover, when police bias was high, participants were angrier at the police and less likely to perceive the exoneree as responsible for the wrongful conviction—especially when false confessions were involved. The findings are discussed in light of Weiner’s social motivation theory, and in regards to improving attitudes towards individuals who have be...
European Journal of Probation
As the Canadian federal correctional system grappled with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, ins... more As the Canadian federal correctional system grappled with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, institutional parole officers, who play a central role in prisoners’ case management team, remained essential service providers. Working in uncertain circumstances, these correctional workers navigated new and rapidly changing protocols and risks, while attempting to continue to provide support to those on their caseloads. Based on semi-structured interviews with 96 institutional parole officers, conducted after Canada’s “first wave” of COVID-19 infections, we analyze three ways in which their work was impacted by the pandemic: shifting workloads, routines, and responsibilities; increased workloads due to decarceration (i.e., efforts to reduce the number of incarcerated individuals); and the navigation of new forms of risk and uncertainty. This study advances the understanding of stress and risk in probation and parole work and presents recommendations to ameliorate the occupational stresse...
Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 2021
Public safety personnel (PSP), including police officers, often work in high-stress environments ... more Public safety personnel (PSP), including police officers, often work in high-stress environments that expose them to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTE). As a result, PSP are at a higher risk than most other occupational roles for the development of new or worsening mental health concerns, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder, general or social anxiety disorder, and substance use disorders (Carleton et al., Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63(1):54–64, 2018; Haugen et al., Journal of Psychiatric Research 94:218–229, 2017; Velazquez and Hernandez, Policing: An International Journal 42(4):711–724, 2019). Given these higher rates, research examining how to support the mental health of individuals in these occupations and how to improve our understanding of mental health help-seeking beliefs is critical. Consequently, the overall objective of the current study was to examine predictors of help-seeking attitudes among a group of police off...
The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres, 2021
BACKGROUND Documentation of mental health care is a critical component of nursing practice. Despi... more BACKGROUND Documentation of mental health care is a critical component of nursing practice. Despite being identified as playing a critical role, researchers continue to question the quality of nursing documentation and missing and/or inaccurate information. PURPOSE Our aim is to explore the content of nursing documentation among mental health nurses providing care to forensic inpatients. METHODS Using a constructed semi-grounded emergent theme approach for data analysis, we reviewed the types of activities, subjects, and interactions described within nursing notes and identified themes of the content. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that nursing documentation could be categorized into one of seven themes: interactions, food, activities, sleep, mental health, physical health and hygiene. These areas were not consistent with the recommendations from nursing bodies in Canada, specifically the areas of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Furthermore, missing in the nur...
The issue of fetal reduction (aborting one or more fetuses in a multiple pregnancy) hasreceived m... more The issue of fetal reduction (aborting one or more fetuses in a multiple pregnancy) hasreceived much media attention in Canada (Blackwell), the United States (Hutchison;Padawer 2011b) and the United Kingdom (Newell; Padawer 2011a). Publicattention, combined with growing institutional and personal concerns about thehigh-risk nature of a multiple pregnancy (e.g., for the fetuses, the mother, healthcareresources, and marital strain) create the social foundation for this study. In interviewing41 mothers of multiples (e.g., mothers of twins and triplets) we sought toexplain how decision-making is based on medical and non-medical reasoning. Viewsof fetal reduction or fetal termination for non-medical reasons (e.g., the decision toterminate a pregnancy for lifestyle or personal reasons) were contrasted with views offetal reduction or fetal termination for medical reason (i.e., the decision to terminate apregnancy due to medical “problems”). Participants recognized that decision-makingrelat...
Punishment & Society
Holding On: Family and Fatherhood During Incarceration and Reentry is a must-read for anyone inte... more Holding On: Family and Fatherhood During Incarceration and Reentry is a must-read for anyone interested in families, relationships, fatherhood, and the trying effects on each of incarceration. It is a seminal, deeply thoughtful, and methodical book that sets the stage for what is possible when the realms of criminological studies and family studies converge. In Holding On, the authors examine the experiences of both incarcerated or reentering fathers and their partners or co-parents. McKay et al. emphasize the need to study the family, not solely as a unit of measurement but as a constellation made up of variousand often differentperspectives. Rooted in the findings from a longitudinal, mixed-methods, multi-site family study, that is commendable in itself, the authors delve into the complex realities facing current and former prisoners and their partners and how their relationship with self, one another, and their children change due to constant reminders of time spent behind bars. Moreover, the authors do so accessibly, designing the book for diverse audiences and to be easily consumed in a mere sitting. While others claim "research has done a better job showing that incarceration matters rather than why incarceration matters," Holding On digs deep into the question of 'why' incarceration matters (Massoglia & Pridemore, 2015, p. 303). By exploring survey and interview responses, each chapter provides a rich exploration of the findings, complemented by participant stories, a review of existing literature, and digestible graphs that capture discoveries of importance, including the similarities and divergences in perspectives of parties in each relationship. The 'why' is also considered through thoughtful and proactive considerations for future research and practice. Holding On is more than a book about a research study as the reader is drawn into a world of understanding and instilled into a genuine desire to know more and do more in support of families affected by incarceration and reentry. Holding On as a study, and the subsequent monograph is ambitious in its presentation of a complex array of findings that presents deeply intimate realities as experienced by those in relationships while incarcerated or while experiencing the incarceration of another. Both were "designed to develop a deeper understanding of the experiences of families impacted by incarceration," which, although no small feat (p.
International Journal of Police Science & Management
Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders among Canadian police officers, treatment-seeking... more Despite the high prevalence of mental disorders among Canadian police officers, treatment-seeking is lower than expected. Toward understanding how mental health services can be tailored for higher utilization by police, we aim to uncover factors that contribute to stigma and barriers to use, specifically within the context of group dynamics between officers. Nine semi-structured focus groups and one interview were conducted with civilian and non-civilian police service employees in Ontario, Canada. Data were coded to allow for themes to emerge from the transcripts. Participant voices ( n=33) revealed the presence of three characteristics of Janis’ groupthink: high group cohesion, conditions that create high stress and low self-esteem, and operating under directive leadership; each creating pressures that serve as barriers to treatment-seeking [Janis IL (1972) Victims of Groupthink: A Psychological Study of Foreign-Policy Decisions And Fiascoes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin]. Groupthink ...
Correctional Services During and Beyond COVID-19, 2021
Correctional services, both institutional and within the community, are significantly impacted by... more Correctional services, both institutional and within the community, are significantly impacted by COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown those living and working in correctional facilities are particularly susceptible to exposure to potential contagions. Canadian correctional institutions, like prisons in many other countries, are affected by high population turnover, “overcrowding and restricted movement, inaccessible or poor health care, […] high prevalence of chronic disease and comorbidity, and an aging custodial population [which] exacerbate […] risks” and fears of contagion among staff, officers, and incarcerated persons (Pyrooz, Labrecque, Tostlebe, & Useem, 2020np; see also Akiyama, Spaulding, & Rich, 2020; Maruschak, Berzofsky, & Unangst, 2015; Novisky, 2018). The pandemic also poses acute challenges and agonizing decisions for correctional administrators whose responsibilities now include challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well for those working in communit...
Journal of Crime and Justice
ABSTRACT Trust is crucial to the proper functioning of organizations. Trust has been examined at ... more ABSTRACT Trust is crucial to the proper functioning of organizations. Trust has been examined at many levels, and researchers have recently expanded the study of trust to include areas ranging from the neuroscience of trust to the influence of institutional trust on product sales and marketing. While academic interest in trust has grown, research on trust and job stress among correctional employees is rare. The current study evaluated the relationships between three types of trust (coworker, supervisor, and management trust) and correctional staff job stress. Using staff survey data from a Southern prison, two multivariate OLS regression equations were estimated – one for all surveyed staff and a second for the subgroup of correctional officers – in order to determine how the three types of organizational trust related to job stress. Results indicated that trust in coworkers mattered for correctional officers only and that trust in supervisors and management had a greater influence on job stress both for all correctional staff and for the subgroup of correctional officers. Specifically, those with higher levels of supervisor and management trust reported lower levels of job stress.
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Papers by Rosemary Ricciardelli