Papers by Rosemarie Velik
As a result of our research, in [60], a solution to the binding problem for perception was sugges... more As a result of our research, in [60], a solution to the binding problem for perception was suggested by<br> combining the already existing binding hypotheses in a conclusive way, supplementing them with<br> other insights about the perceptual system of the brain, and translating them into a technically<br> implementable model. It was demonstrated via computational simulations that different binding<br> mechanisms proposed in literature are not mutually inclusive. On the contrary! At different<br> hierarchical levels and in different development stages, different binding mechanisms are acting in<br> perception. An overview about these circumstances is given in Figure 20. A detailed description can<br> be found in.
The general objective of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to make machines – particularly computer... more The general objective of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to make machines – particularly computers – do things that require intelligence when done by humans. In the last 60 years, AI has significantly progressed and today forms an important part of industry and technology. However, despite the many successes, fundamental questions concerning the creation of human-level intelligence in machines still remain open and will probably not be answerable when continuing on the current, mainly mathematic-algorithmically-guided path of AI. With the novel discipline of Brain-Like Artificial Intelligence, one potential way out of this dilemma has been suggested. BrainLike AI aims at analyzing and deciphering the working mechanisms of the brain and translating this knowledge into implementable AI architectures with the objective to develop in this way more efficient, flexible, and capable technical systems This article aims at giving a review about this young and still heterogeneous and dynamic ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers beha... more Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. At least this was the original idea. However, it turned out that this was no easy task to solve. This article aims to give a comprehensible review on the last 60 years of artificial intelligence taking a philosophical viewpoint. It is outlined what happened so far in AI, what is currently going on in this research area, and what can be expected in the future. The goal is to mediate an understanding for the developments and changes in thinking in the course of time about how to achieve machine intelligence. The clear message is that AI has to join forces with neuroscience and other brain disciplines in order to make a step towards the development of truly intelligent machines.
Figure 6 gives an overview about the developed architecture for human-like machine perception whi... more Figure 6 gives an overview about the developed architecture for human-like machine perception which bases on insights about the working mechanisms of the human perceptual system. The central element of the model is the so-called "neuro-symbolic network", which processes data coming from different sensor sources and additionally considers information coming from<br> "higher-level" sources referred to as memory, knowledge, and focus of attention . Within the neuro-symbolic network, so called "neuro-symbolic information processing" takes place based on information exchange of "neuro-symbols". The focus in this article will be on the description of the<br> functioning of neuro-symbols and the neuro-symbolic network. Details about the other modules and functional aspects of the model can amongst others be found in.
An overview of the methodology for developing Brain-Like AI architectures for automation– as appl... more An overview of the methodology for developing Brain-Like AI architectures for automation– as applied in the research of this article – is sketched in Figure 4.
Having identified the need for novel methods for machine recognition, situation assessment, and d... more Having identified the need for novel methods for machine recognition, situation assessment, and decision making in order to advance further in different automation domains, an important question is by what means can we reach such sophisticated mechanisms. The long-term goal in<br> mind is to construct machines and systems showing performances comparable to or even beyond human skill levels. In a guest talk at the Vienna University of Technology in 2008, Prof. Etienne Barnard, an expert in the field of Artificial Intelligence, made an interesting "conceptual suggestion" for two possible progress scenarios to reach this goal which could be summarized as depicted in Figure 2.
The second model developed is a model for human-like machine perception based on<br> resear... more The second model developed is a model for human-like machine perception based on<br> research findings in neuroscience and neuro-psychology. The principal idea of the model is to use<br> so-called neuro-symbols as basic processing units. This concept is inspired by the fact that the brain is made up of neurons but we think in term of symbols. In analogy to the brain, starting from sensor<br> values, the sensory information is combined and condensed in a modular hierarchical manner to<br> more and more complex neuro-symbolic information until this results in a complete, unitary,<br> multimodal perception of the environment (see figure 3).
As the facts so far outlined show, round 1970, researchers were very optimistic that<br> ma... more As the facts so far outlined show, round 1970, researchers were very optimistic that<br> machines would soon (latest in one generation) reach human intelligence level. There already<br> existed the first programs passing the Turing test, which was the official test for proving computer<br> intelligence. Looking at statements of that time today and recognizing that approximately 40 years<br> have passed since then, the logical question that arises is why there are still no intelligent machines<br> among us.
Perceptual research has so far been tackled on two different levels: the neural and the cognitive... more Perceptual research has so far been tackled on two different levels: the neural and the cognitive (symbolic) level. These two levels have so far mainly been investigated separately from each other and little is known about their correlations. Here, we present a coding scheme (neuro-symbolic coding) and a cognitive architecture (a neuro-symbolic network), which make it possible to unify these two levels. Based on this, hypotheses are presented for how the activation of millions of sensory receptors results in a unified, complex, multimodal perception, what the function of feedbacks in perception is, what influence focus of attention and knowledge have, and how binding is solved in perception. Furthermore, a hypothesis for the mechanisms involved in perceptual learning is proposed.
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, 2014
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2016
Human-robot collaboration is a novel hot topic in robotics research opening a broad range of new ... more Human-robot collaboration is a novel hot topic in robotics research opening a broad range of new opportunities. However, the number of sensible and efficient use cases having been presented and analysed in literature is still very limited. In this technical article, we present and evaluate a collaborative use case for a gaming application in which a two-arm robot has to piece a Tangram puzzle together with a human partner. Algorithms and methods employed for this purpose are presented, performance rates are given for different setups, and remaining problems and future developments are outlined.
European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2015
Abstract Introduction Pulse palpation is an important diagnostic tool in Traditional Chinese Medi... more Abstract Introduction Pulse palpation is an important diagnostic tool in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and related Oriental medicine systems. However, mastering pulse diagnosis requires long-term experience and remains subjective up to a certain degree even in an advanced stage of practice. Accordingly, considerable research efforts have been spent to objectively measure the radial pulse and in further consequence automate Oriental pulse diagnosis by means of technological aids. This article gives the first comprehensive review about the current state of the art of this field covering topics such as developed pulse acquisition systems, suggested data preprocessing and feature extraction methods, and proposed classification approaches. Furthermore, persisting problems are pointed out and recommendations for future research directions are given. Methods A literature search was conducted using scientific databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. ResearchGate, Academia, and GoogleScholar were used as additional literature sources. Key search terms were Chinese pulse diagnosis, Oriental pulse diagnosis, wrist pulse, standardization, objectification, automation, technological aids, sensors, data processing, classification, devices, acquisition systems and combinations and synonyms of these terms. Additionally, the reference lists of found articles were scanned to identify further relevant literature. Results A total of 111 references were included into the review. Four main research themes emerged from the literature: (1) pulse waveform acquisition, (2) pulse waveform preprocessing, (3) pulse waveform feature extraction, (4) classifiers and classification objectives. Conclusion Automating TCM pulse diagnosis by means of technological aids is a very active research field. Nevertheless, much remains to be done in terms of both technological developments and standardization of procedures.
Journal of Cognitive Science, 2010
ABSTRACT Perceptual research has so far been tackled on two di�erent levels: the neu- ral and the... more ABSTRACT Perceptual research has so far been tackled on two di�erent levels: the neu- ral and the cognitive (symbolic) level. These two levels have so far mainly been investigated separately from each other and little is known about their correlations. Here, we present a coding scheme (neuro-symbolic coding) and a cognitive architecture (a neuro-symbolic network), which make it possible to unify these two levels. Based on this, hypotheses are presented for how the activation of millions of sensory receptors results in a uni�ed, complex, multimodal perception, what the function of feedbacks in perception is, what in uence focus of attention and knowledge have, and how binding is solved in perception. Furthermore, a hypothesis for the mechanisms involved in perceptual learning is proposed.
GENDER SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF SKIN TEMPERATURE REACTIVITY UNDER HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA Miggitsch E-M1, Tr... more GENDER SPECIFIC ASPECTS OF SKIN TEMPERATURE REACTIVITY UNDER HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA Miggitsch E-M1, Trapp M1,2, Richtig E3, Rohrer PM1, Domej W4, Velik R5 and Egger JW1,2 1Research Unit of Behavioural Medicine, Health Psychology and Empirical Psychosomatics, 2University Clinic of Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 3Department of Dermatology, 4 University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria and 5Biorobotics Department, Fatronik-Tecnalia, San Sebastián, Spain Aims. The purpose of the present study was to detect gender differences in stress reactivity measured by the psycho-vegetative parameter skin temperature (TEMP). TEMP is a sensitive parameter in order to describe correlations between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and psychological dimensions. Measurement of psycho-vegetative parameters like TEMP can be described as an important tool for both, medical and empiric psychological research. Methods. TEMP was continuously measured in 39 healthy subjects ...
The present work deals with neural pattern recognition and object recognition by analysing signal... more The present work deals with neural pattern recognition and object recognition by analysing signals in time and frequency domain. The theme is investigated by means of a pracitcal application. A concept for a system, which is capable of classifying metallic objects like screws, nuts and washers independently of their size, thickness and length due to their shape is developed. The present study is divided into three parts. First of all the principal feasibility of a neural classi cation of aperiodic and periodic signals due to their shape is investigated by a MATLAB simulation. It is important, that the classi cation is achieved independently of the duration and the amplitude of the signals. Therefore sections of the auto-correlation function and the frequency spectrum turn out to be suitable. The best results are achieved by using twolayered BPN-nets with a tansig transfer function in the rst layer and a linear transfer function in the second layer. The nets are trained with the Leve...
International Review on Computers and Software
Machine perception is a research field that is still in its infancy and is confronted with many u... more Machine perception is a research field that is still in its infancy and is confronted with many unsolved problems. In contrast, humans generally perceive their environment without problems. These facts were the motivation to develop a bionic model for human-like machine perception, which is based on neuroscientific and neuropsychological research findings about the structural organization and function of the perceptual system of the human brain. Having systems available that are capable of a human-like perception of their environment would allow the automation of processes for which, today, human observers and their cognitive abilities are necessary. The challenge to be faced is to merge and interpret large amounts of data coming from different sources. For this purpose, an information processing principle called neuro-symbolic information processing is introduced using neuro-symbols as basic information processing units. Neuro-symbols are connected in a modular hierarchical fashion...
'SUB AUSPICIIS' El premio: Es una de las distinciones académicas más antiguas y en sus or... more 'SUB AUSPICIIS' El premio: Es una de las distinciones académicas más antiguas y en sus orígenes era entregada por el emperador de Austria . La galardonada: Rosmarie Velik, de 27 años, natural del cantón de Carintia, en el sur de Austria. Sus méritos: Hizo su carrera en cuatro años cuando lo normal es hacerla en siete y tardó un año y medio en hacer su tesis doctoral cuando suelen invertirse cuatro. Es el mejor expediente académico de su promoción. Habla cinco idiomas y trabaja en Donostia desde enero.
In recent years, the use of multi-pad electrodes for transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation... more In recent years, the use of multi-pad electrodes for transcutaneous electrical muscle stimulation has been suggested to achieve a better selectivity of muscle control. Here, we present INTFES – a device for multi-channel functional electrical stimulation via an array of electrodes. The basic design characteristics of the device are presented and a number of clinical studies that show its functional advantages over classical single-electrode stimulation are discussed.
The project Vision Step I – Smart City Villach is a 3-year research initiative funded by the “Kli... more The project Vision Step I – Smart City Villach is a 3-year research initiative funded by the “Klima- und Energiefond” to prepare Villach for the newly upcoming challenges in urban electricity supply by addressing this topic holistically from a technological, economical, and socio-ecological perspective. The goal of the project is to develop an integrated smart-city-concept, which increases energy efficiency, the amount of produced renewable energy, and user acceptance of these technologies. The concepts are implemented and tested in a research test bed as well as in one of Villach’s city districts here referred to as Demo Site (see Figure 1). On the technological level, a detailed investigation and application of novel smart grid and storage concepts is targeted. On the economical and sociological level, concepts for enhancing the smart citizens’ active participation are elaborated, implemented, and evaluated. Fig. 1: Vision step I test areas This includes approaches such as new par...
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Papers by Rosemarie Velik