The overall objectives of the present research are the study of weather, soil, discharges in the ... more The overall objectives of the present research are the study of weather, soil, discharges in the irrigation channels crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of rice in Muvumba-8 marshland of Nyagatare district in Rwanda. The specific objective is to study the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of rice in the marshland. The average infiltration rate of the soil in the experimental field was 12.8 mm/hour. The average discharge in the primary channel is 7.94 m 3 /sec. The average reference crop evapotranspiration for the site was 3.89 mm/day. It varies from 3.51 to 4.38 mm/day. The maximum reference crop evapotranspiration was recorded in August and the minimum was May. The difference between maximum and minimum of reference crop evapotranspiration was observed to be 0.87 mm/day. CROPWAT derived the maximum effective rainfall of 80.3 mm in the month of October and the minimum of 20.9 mm during July. The total irrigation water requirement for rice crop for the season from Sept. to March was 412.7 mm. This low water requirement for rice is mainly due to higher effective rain fall in the experimental site from Sept to Dec. It was also inferred that the higher irrigation is needed from Dec to Feb because effective rainfall is lesser during that period. The moisture depletion pattern during the irrigation schedule varies from 59 to 71% with an average depletion of 64.8%. The net irrigation supplied to the field varies from 11.3 to 14.7 mm with an average net irrigation requirement 13.2 mm. The gross irrigation water requirement was varying from 16.2 to 21 mm with an average gross irrigation requirement of 18.96 mm. The average flow rate of water to the field was worked out to be 0.6 liter/sec/ha and it varies from 0.33 to 0.78 0.6 liter/sec/ha. The total gross irrigation was 906.9 mm and the total net irrigation was 634.8 mm.
International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 2021
Crop water requirements of Roma tomato that planted on different spacing for four treatment and i... more Crop water requirements of Roma tomato that planted on different spacing for four treatment and its replications in Nyagatare district Kinihira village have been computed with CROPWAT 8.0 using the meteorological parameters. The water requirement was computed using evapotranspiration (ET0), effective rainfall, Net Irrigation demand, the Gross Irrigation demand and irrigation interval for crops grown in different treatment of different spacing have been computed. Based on the rainfall data, effective rainfall and soil characteristics of the experiment site, it was shown that the total net irrigation requirement of tomato in experiment site as presented in CROPWAT 8.0 is 286.2mm and the total gross irrigation requirement is 408.8mm.The total water loss during irrigation is obtained by taking the total gross irrigation requirement minus the total net irrigation requirement and found to be122.6mm. As per CROPWAT 8.0, Tomato water requirement in whole growing stages is 620.3mm .This tota...
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2021
The present paper sought to assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines ... more The present paper sought to assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines of irrigation water standard, the study was carried during establishment of Ecotourism Park. The field survey design was used and it was accompanied by laboratory tests to analyze the levels of physico-chemical parameters in both seasons (dry season and wet seasons) for water bodies as well as groundwater. The physical chemical parameters analysed were Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) Kelly Index (KI) Total Hardness (TH), pH, the Electric conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Our analyzed samples fall into permissible limit of irrigation water quality, the mean values of electrical conductivity were high. The knowledge from this study will be used in establishment of Nyandungu recreation park irrigating with water quality on gardens surrounding recreation park and local community.
Bush bean is an important pulse crop that enriches the Rwandan diet and is a source of cash. This... more Bush bean is an important pulse crop that enriches the Rwandan diet and is a source of cash. This staple crop is widely grown in Rwanda. However, the improper spacing and inadequate application rates of organic inputs result in low yields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-row-spacing and pymarc application rate on selected soil chemical parameters and bush bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) yield on andosol under rainfed conditions. The experiment included five pymarc rates with four replications in a randomized complete block design: P0(No fertilizer), P1(250 kg ha-1 of NPK), P2(10 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK), P3(15 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK) and P4(20 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK) and 3 spacing levels: S1(40 cm x 15 cm), S2(40 cm x 20 cm) and S3(40 cm x 30 cm). The results indicated that a significant difference was found between treatments and their interactions except for pH (p<0.05). Regarding pymarc treatments, P4 contai...
The overall objective of this present research is assessment of rice-water requirement in Cyabaya... more The overall objective of this present research is assessment of rice-water requirement in Cyabayaga wetland of Nyagatare District in Rwanda. Specific objectives of this research project were to collect and analyze weather parameters, of soil physical properties, crop-water requirements and to recommend efficient water management of the study area. Research design, data collection and field observations were made during July, 2019 to January, 2020. The experiment was carried out in Cyabayaga marshland and was especially based on the assessment of rice water requirement, weather parameters and hydraulic parameters like measurement of soil infiltration rate, soil hydraulic conductivity, flow discharge in irrigation channels, water loss, conveyance efficiency and application efficiency. Evapotranspiration and irrigation needs were determined by Cropwat 8.0 software. Conveyance efficiency (Ec) was found to be 70.05% and 30% of water was lost through seepage and evapotranspiration through weeds in unlined channels. The overall deep percolation, seepage and evapotranspiration losses were found to be 25 mm/day. Considering the highest potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of 4.8 mm, it was indicated that huge water loss of 20.2 mm/day was caused by seepage and percolation within the soil. The application efficiency (Ea) was found to be 23.8%. Hence, the overall efficiency was 16.7%. With the current rice yield of 4.25 t/ha, a low water-useefficiency of 0.089 kg/m 3 was found.
This paper deals with the estimation of different soil properties of Muvumba P-8 marshland in Rwa... more This paper deals with the estimation of different soil properties of Muvumba P-8 marshland in Rwanda to assess the soil for its suitability for rice cultivation. The objective of the research is to determine the soil properties. Properties like texture, bulk density, total available water, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and permeability were determined. Soil properties were estimated for different soil depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm. It was found that the layer of the soil with 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm is having the soil texture of sandy clay loam and the depth of 45-60 cm is having the texture of clay loam. The soil of the plots with depths like 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm are having the clay content of 21, 25, 26 and 38% respectively and are having the bulk densities of 1.38, 1.29, 1.33 and 1.12 gm/cm3. It shows that clay content increases as the depth of the soil increases. The average total available water for three different depths mentioned are 8.5, 1...
The overall objectives of the present research are the study of weather, soil, discharges in the ... more The overall objectives of the present research are the study of weather, soil, discharges in the irrigation channels crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of rice in Muvumba-8 marshland of Nyagatare district in Rwanda. The specific objective is to study the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of rice in the marshland. The average infiltration rate of the soil in the experimental field was 12.8 mm/hour. The average discharge in the primary channel is 7.94 m 3 /sec. The average reference crop evapotranspiration for the site was 3.89 mm/day. It varies from 3.51 to 4.38 mm/day. The maximum reference crop evapotranspiration was recorded in August and the minimum was May. The difference between maximum and minimum of reference crop evapotranspiration was observed to be 0.87 mm/day. CROPWAT derived the maximum effective rainfall of 80.3 mm in the month of October and the minimum of 20.9 mm during July. The total irrigation water requirement for rice crop for the season from Sept. to March was 412.7 mm. This low water requirement for rice is mainly due to higher effective rain fall in the experimental site from Sept to Dec. It was also inferred that the higher irrigation is needed from Dec to Feb because effective rainfall is lesser during that period. The moisture depletion pattern during the irrigation schedule varies from 59 to 71% with an average depletion of 64.8%. The net irrigation supplied to the field varies from 11.3 to 14.7 mm with an average net irrigation requirement 13.2 mm. The gross irrigation water requirement was varying from 16.2 to 21 mm with an average gross irrigation requirement of 18.96 mm. The average flow rate of water to the field was worked out to be 0.6 liter/sec/ha and it varies from 0.33 to 0.78 0.6 liter/sec/ha. The total gross irrigation was 906.9 mm and the total net irrigation was 634.8 mm.
International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 2021
Crop water requirements of Roma tomato that planted on different spacing for four treatment and i... more Crop water requirements of Roma tomato that planted on different spacing for four treatment and its replications in Nyagatare district Kinihira village have been computed with CROPWAT 8.0 using the meteorological parameters. The water requirement was computed using evapotranspiration (ET0), effective rainfall, Net Irrigation demand, the Gross Irrigation demand and irrigation interval for crops grown in different treatment of different spacing have been computed. Based on the rainfall data, effective rainfall and soil characteristics of the experiment site, it was shown that the total net irrigation requirement of tomato in experiment site as presented in CROPWAT 8.0 is 286.2mm and the total gross irrigation requirement is 408.8mm.The total water loss during irrigation is obtained by taking the total gross irrigation requirement minus the total net irrigation requirement and found to be122.6mm. As per CROPWAT 8.0, Tomato water requirement in whole growing stages is 620.3mm .This tota...
Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 2021
The present paper sought to assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines ... more The present paper sought to assess some physico-chemical parameters above permissible guidelines of irrigation water standard, the study was carried during establishment of Ecotourism Park. The field survey design was used and it was accompanied by laboratory tests to analyze the levels of physico-chemical parameters in both seasons (dry season and wet seasons) for water bodies as well as groundwater. The physical chemical parameters analysed were Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR) Kelly Index (KI) Total Hardness (TH), pH, the Electric conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Our analyzed samples fall into permissible limit of irrigation water quality, the mean values of electrical conductivity were high. The knowledge from this study will be used in establishment of Nyandungu recreation park irrigating with water quality on gardens surrounding recreation park and local community.
Bush bean is an important pulse crop that enriches the Rwandan diet and is a source of cash. This... more Bush bean is an important pulse crop that enriches the Rwandan diet and is a source of cash. This staple crop is widely grown in Rwanda. However, the improper spacing and inadequate application rates of organic inputs result in low yields. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intra-row-spacing and pymarc application rate on selected soil chemical parameters and bush bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L) yield on andosol under rainfed conditions. The experiment included five pymarc rates with four replications in a randomized complete block design: P0(No fertilizer), P1(250 kg ha-1 of NPK), P2(10 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK), P3(15 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK) and P4(20 t ha-1 of pymarc + 250 Kg ha-1 of NPK) and 3 spacing levels: S1(40 cm x 15 cm), S2(40 cm x 20 cm) and S3(40 cm x 30 cm). The results indicated that a significant difference was found between treatments and their interactions except for pH (p<0.05). Regarding pymarc treatments, P4 contai...
The overall objective of this present research is assessment of rice-water requirement in Cyabaya... more The overall objective of this present research is assessment of rice-water requirement in Cyabayaga wetland of Nyagatare District in Rwanda. Specific objectives of this research project were to collect and analyze weather parameters, of soil physical properties, crop-water requirements and to recommend efficient water management of the study area. Research design, data collection and field observations were made during July, 2019 to January, 2020. The experiment was carried out in Cyabayaga marshland and was especially based on the assessment of rice water requirement, weather parameters and hydraulic parameters like measurement of soil infiltration rate, soil hydraulic conductivity, flow discharge in irrigation channels, water loss, conveyance efficiency and application efficiency. Evapotranspiration and irrigation needs were determined by Cropwat 8.0 software. Conveyance efficiency (Ec) was found to be 70.05% and 30% of water was lost through seepage and evapotranspiration through weeds in unlined channels. The overall deep percolation, seepage and evapotranspiration losses were found to be 25 mm/day. Considering the highest potential crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of 4.8 mm, it was indicated that huge water loss of 20.2 mm/day was caused by seepage and percolation within the soil. The application efficiency (Ea) was found to be 23.8%. Hence, the overall efficiency was 16.7%. With the current rice yield of 4.25 t/ha, a low water-useefficiency of 0.089 kg/m 3 was found.
This paper deals with the estimation of different soil properties of Muvumba P-8 marshland in Rwa... more This paper deals with the estimation of different soil properties of Muvumba P-8 marshland in Rwanda to assess the soil for its suitability for rice cultivation. The objective of the research is to determine the soil properties. Properties like texture, bulk density, total available water, infiltration rate, hydraulic conductivity and permeability were determined. Soil properties were estimated for different soil depths of 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm. It was found that the layer of the soil with 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm is having the soil texture of sandy clay loam and the depth of 45-60 cm is having the texture of clay loam. The soil of the plots with depths like 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm are having the clay content of 21, 25, 26 and 38% respectively and are having the bulk densities of 1.38, 1.29, 1.33 and 1.12 gm/cm3. It shows that clay content increases as the depth of the soil increases. The average total available water for three different depths mentioned are 8.5, 1...
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