Ruta graveolens L. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region. It has been used for centurie... more Ruta graveolens L. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region. It has been used for centuries as a medical preparation and has a variety of roles because of its varied chemical composition. In vitro culture is a useful tool for both multiplication and study of important secondary metabolites. The present study was aimed to develop an effective and reproducible protocol for callus induction and indirect plant regeneration of Ruta graveolens (L.) by using leaf explants and to analyze chemical components present in different extracts of Ruta graveolens. The leaf explants were cultured on MS medium augmented with different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins for callus induction, shoot multiplication and rooting. The optimum plant growth regulator concentration for callus induction, shoot multiplication and root formation was recorded in MSM+2,4-D(1.5mg/L)+NAA(1.5 mg/L), MSM+ BAP (1.5mg/L) +IBA (1.0 mg/L) and half strength MSM+IBA(0.50 mg/L) respectively. The r...
ANALYSIS OF FLAG LEAF AND GRAIN PROTEOMES TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE CANDIDATE GENES FOR DROUGH... more ANALYSIS OF FLAG LEAF AND GRAIN PROTEOMES TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE CANDIDATE GENES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RICE
"MICROSATELLITE AND RAPD MARKERS: STUDYING POLYMORPHISM, DISTRIBUTION, MAPPING AND APPLICATI... more "MICROSATELLITE AND RAPD MARKERS: STUDYING POLYMORPHISM, DISTRIBUTION, MAPPING AND APPLICATIONS IN RICE GENETICS AND BREEDING" ABSTRACT By Roohi Mushtaq Molecular linkage maps have been constructed for most of the plant species during the last decade. These saturated linkage maps are essential tools for genetic studies like positional gene cloning, tagging and mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits, marker-assisted selection and comparative mapping. The construction of linkage maps relies on the choice of parental lines. Present study was undertaken to achieve following major objectives: 1. Development of new linkage map with additional RAPD and microsatellite markers using a double haploid population. 2. Standardization of low cost microsatellite marker technology to practice Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and 3. Identification and mapping of QTLs for drought related component traits in rice. Two DH populations i.e., CT 9993-5-10-1-M X IR 62266-42-6-2 (indica x indica cross) and IR 64 X Aazucena ( indica X japonica cross) were used in the present study. These populations were grown in field during wet season 2000 and summer season 2001. Two types of molecular markers viz. , RAPD and microsatellites were used for exploiting the parental polymorphism. In the present study, a new genetic linkage map has been constructed based on a double haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between two genotypes viz., CT 9993-5-10-1-M and IR 62266-42-6-2. The double haploid population was composed of 154 double haploid lines. The parental survey was performed using a set of 269 random 10-mer RAPD primers, of which 82 primers (31.48%) showed polymorphism between the two parental lines. 19 of 82 primers showed reproducible and clearly scorable polymorphic bands, which later were assayed on the double haploid population containing 154 DH lines. Two hundred and sixty nine RAPD primers amplified a total of 1802 bands. The total number of bands amplified per primer ranged from 3 to 9 whereas, the number of polymorphic bands amplified per primer varied between 1 to 3. On an average, 6.7 bands were amplified per primer. Average numbers of polymorphic bands per primer were 2.21. 42 polymorphic bands generated by RAPDs, which were easy to score had been selected and scored on 154 DH lines derived from the above mentioned mapping population. The corresponding loci represented by these scored bands were mapped on rice genome using MAPMAKER ver.3.0. Out of 42 RAPD markers scored on 154 lines of DH population, eight markers were mapped. Seven markers were mapped on chromosome #7 and oneon chromosome #4. Three microsattelite (STMS) markers were also scored on the above population and put as anchor markers on chromosome #9 , 11, and chromosome #12 Another DH population of IR 64 X Azucena was planted in field under defined set of conditions and studied for identification of Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with leaf rolling under water stress condition. Two QTLs were identified, which were placed on chromosome #4 and chromosome #11 between the markers RG788RZ565 and RG1109-RZ536. A new linkage map with additional 8 RAPDs and 3 microsatellite markers was developed with enhanced resolution of the existing genetic map of rice on this population. These markers revealed a good percentage of polymorphism and can be used for genotype identification, gene and QTL analysis. Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture IGAU, Raipur Dr. S. Major Advisor
... References Gitte Frandsen, et al. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 343-348. Hosseini, S., S. Joe... more ... References Gitte Frandsen, et al. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 343-348. Hosseini, S., S. Joel, JW Leonard, G. Behzad, and J. Bennett. 2002. Proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery. Proteomics2: 1131-1145. Ingram, J., and D. Bartels. 1996. ...
Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexi... more Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop’s response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop’s inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic under...
Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Food Security, 2015
In the recent years, the uses of traditional medicinal plants for curing the diseases have been i... more In the recent years, the uses of traditional medicinal plants for curing the diseases have been increased worldwide. Plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge provide the basic needs to secure the health of human. The medicinal plants have therapeutic properties for the control of common diseases. In most of the developing countries, indigenous people are using the herbal plant species for treatment of diseases. The medicinal plants have antibacterial properties which can be used to inhibit the growth of microorganism of diseases. The medicinal plant species along with TK of indigenous people help to control a number of diseases. Indigenous people are conserving the traditional PGR and TK over years without any incentives. The pharmaceutical companies in the developing countries are over exploiting these valuable resources without sharing of benefits. There is need to protect these valuable resources under intellectual property protection laws. Indigenous people should be provided with equal sharing of benefits arising out of these resources. Moreover, the developed nations prefer to use herbal plant-derived medicines over the allopathic medicines. Considering the importance of PGR-derived products in human health, the medicinal plant species should be conserved. Both in situ and ex situ/on farm conservation methods can be used for the preservation of these valuable resources. International and national regulations should be framed for conservation and sustainable utilization of PGR and TK.
The green revolution has significantly helped in increasing food production. So far, various bree... more The green revolution has significantly helped in increasing food production. So far, various breeding methods have been exploited, including recombination DNA technology provides another approach for increasing food production. By means of this technology, ...
Ruta graveolens L. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region. It has been used for centurie... more Ruta graveolens L. is an endemic plant of the Mediterranean region. It has been used for centuries as a medical preparation and has a variety of roles because of its varied chemical composition. In vitro culture is a useful tool for both multiplication and study of important secondary metabolites. The present study was aimed to develop an effective and reproducible protocol for callus induction and indirect plant regeneration of Ruta graveolens (L.) by using leaf explants and to analyze chemical components present in different extracts of Ruta graveolens. The leaf explants were cultured on MS medium augmented with different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins for callus induction, shoot multiplication and rooting. The optimum plant growth regulator concentration for callus induction, shoot multiplication and root formation was recorded in MSM+2,4-D(1.5mg/L)+NAA(1.5 mg/L), MSM+ BAP (1.5mg/L) +IBA (1.0 mg/L) and half strength MSM+IBA(0.50 mg/L) respectively. The r...
ANALYSIS OF FLAG LEAF AND GRAIN PROTEOMES TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE CANDIDATE GENES FOR DROUGH... more ANALYSIS OF FLAG LEAF AND GRAIN PROTEOMES TO IDENTIFY AND CHARACTERIZE CANDIDATE GENES FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN RICE
"MICROSATELLITE AND RAPD MARKERS: STUDYING POLYMORPHISM, DISTRIBUTION, MAPPING AND APPLICATI... more "MICROSATELLITE AND RAPD MARKERS: STUDYING POLYMORPHISM, DISTRIBUTION, MAPPING AND APPLICATIONS IN RICE GENETICS AND BREEDING" ABSTRACT By Roohi Mushtaq Molecular linkage maps have been constructed for most of the plant species during the last decade. These saturated linkage maps are essential tools for genetic studies like positional gene cloning, tagging and mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits, marker-assisted selection and comparative mapping. The construction of linkage maps relies on the choice of parental lines. Present study was undertaken to achieve following major objectives: 1. Development of new linkage map with additional RAPD and microsatellite markers using a double haploid population. 2. Standardization of low cost microsatellite marker technology to practice Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and 3. Identification and mapping of QTLs for drought related component traits in rice. Two DH populations i.e., CT 9993-5-10-1-M X IR 62266-42-6-2 (indica x indica cross) and IR 64 X Aazucena ( indica X japonica cross) were used in the present study. These populations were grown in field during wet season 2000 and summer season 2001. Two types of molecular markers viz. , RAPD and microsatellites were used for exploiting the parental polymorphism. In the present study, a new genetic linkage map has been constructed based on a double haploid (DH) population derived from a cross between two genotypes viz., CT 9993-5-10-1-M and IR 62266-42-6-2. The double haploid population was composed of 154 double haploid lines. The parental survey was performed using a set of 269 random 10-mer RAPD primers, of which 82 primers (31.48%) showed polymorphism between the two parental lines. 19 of 82 primers showed reproducible and clearly scorable polymorphic bands, which later were assayed on the double haploid population containing 154 DH lines. Two hundred and sixty nine RAPD primers amplified a total of 1802 bands. The total number of bands amplified per primer ranged from 3 to 9 whereas, the number of polymorphic bands amplified per primer varied between 1 to 3. On an average, 6.7 bands were amplified per primer. Average numbers of polymorphic bands per primer were 2.21. 42 polymorphic bands generated by RAPDs, which were easy to score had been selected and scored on 154 DH lines derived from the above mentioned mapping population. The corresponding loci represented by these scored bands were mapped on rice genome using MAPMAKER ver.3.0. Out of 42 RAPD markers scored on 154 lines of DH population, eight markers were mapped. Seven markers were mapped on chromosome #7 and oneon chromosome #4. Three microsattelite (STMS) markers were also scored on the above population and put as anchor markers on chromosome #9 , 11, and chromosome #12 Another DH population of IR 64 X Azucena was planted in field under defined set of conditions and studied for identification of Quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with leaf rolling under water stress condition. Two QTLs were identified, which were placed on chromosome #4 and chromosome #11 between the markers RG788RZ565 and RG1109-RZ536. A new linkage map with additional 8 RAPDs and 3 microsatellite markers was developed with enhanced resolution of the existing genetic map of rice on this population. These markers revealed a good percentage of polymorphism and can be used for genotype identification, gene and QTL analysis. Department of Biotechnology College of Agriculture IGAU, Raipur Dr. S. Major Advisor
... References Gitte Frandsen, et al. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 343-348. Hosseini, S., S. Joe... more ... References Gitte Frandsen, et al. 1996. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 343-348. Hosseini, S., S. Joel, JW Leonard, G. Behzad, and J. Bennett. 2002. Proteomic analysis of rice leaves during drought stress and recovery. Proteomics2: 1131-1145. Ingram, J., and D. Bartels. 1996. ...
Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexi... more Drought differs from other natural disasters in several respects, largely because of the complexity of a crop’s response to it and also because we have the least understanding of a crop’s inductive mechanism for addressing drought tolerance among all abiotic stressors. Overall, the growth and productivity of crops at a global level is now thought to be an issue that is more severe and arises more frequently due to climatic change-induced drought stress. Among the major crops, rice is a frontline staple cereal crop of the developing world and is critical to sustaining populations on a daily basis. Worldwide, studies have reported a reduction in rice productivity over the years as a consequence of drought. Plants are evolutionarily primed to withstand a substantial number of environmental cues by undergoing a wide range of changes at the molecular level, involving gene, protein and metabolite interactions to protect the growing plant. Currently, an in-depth, precise and systemic under...
Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Food Security, 2015
In the recent years, the uses of traditional medicinal plants for curing the diseases have been i... more In the recent years, the uses of traditional medicinal plants for curing the diseases have been increased worldwide. Plant genetic resources and traditional knowledge provide the basic needs to secure the health of human. The medicinal plants have therapeutic properties for the control of common diseases. In most of the developing countries, indigenous people are using the herbal plant species for treatment of diseases. The medicinal plants have antibacterial properties which can be used to inhibit the growth of microorganism of diseases. The medicinal plant species along with TK of indigenous people help to control a number of diseases. Indigenous people are conserving the traditional PGR and TK over years without any incentives. The pharmaceutical companies in the developing countries are over exploiting these valuable resources without sharing of benefits. There is need to protect these valuable resources under intellectual property protection laws. Indigenous people should be provided with equal sharing of benefits arising out of these resources. Moreover, the developed nations prefer to use herbal plant-derived medicines over the allopathic medicines. Considering the importance of PGR-derived products in human health, the medicinal plant species should be conserved. Both in situ and ex situ/on farm conservation methods can be used for the preservation of these valuable resources. International and national regulations should be framed for conservation and sustainable utilization of PGR and TK.
The green revolution has significantly helped in increasing food production. So far, various bree... more The green revolution has significantly helped in increasing food production. So far, various breeding methods have been exploited, including recombination DNA technology provides another approach for increasing food production. By means of this technology, ...
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