Papers by Rodolfo Console
<p>Analyzing seismic data to get information about earthquakes has always b... more <p>Analyzing seismic data to get information about earthquakes has always been a major task for seismologists and, more in general, for geophysicists.<br>Recently, thanks to the technological development of observation systems, more and more data are available to perform such tasks. However, this data<br>“grow up” makes “human possibility” of data processing more complex in terms of required efforts and time demanding. That is why new technological<br>approaches such as artificial intelligence are becoming very popular and more and more exploited. In this work, we explore the possibility of interpreting seismic waveform segments by means of pre-trained deep learning. More specifically, we apply convolutional networks to seismological waveforms recorded at local or regional distances without any pre-elaboration or filtering. We show that such an approach can be very successful in determining if an earthquake is “included” in the seismic wave image and in estimating the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the recording station.</p>
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Jun 1, 1996
The database obtained from the observations of the Italian Seismological Network over more than 1... more The database obtained from the observations of the Italian Seismological Network over more than 15 yr was analyzed by a simple algorithm to determine the rate of occurrence of major events after the precursors called foreshocks: moderate earthquakes following a period of quiescence. The number of observed foreshocks depends, among other factors, on the spatial (R1) and temporal (T1) ranges of the quiescence used to define the foreshocks. These parameters can be optimized to get the highest value of the success rate of the precursor for a given data set. In our case, the optimization process led to a probability gain (G) higher than 100. In order to estimate the factors that influence the value of G, we tested our method on synthetic catalogs obtained from the real one by randomizing the origin times of the events, or the spatial coordinates, or both of them. The analysis showed that the apparently high value of the probability gain obtained optimizing the parameters. R1 and T1 is the result of (a) shortness of the catalog, (b) uneven spatial distribution of seismicity, and (c) real variation in time of the occurrence rate.
Annals of Geophysics
The study aimed at verifying the existence of stress induced on the functionality of natural ecos... more The study aimed at verifying the existence of stress induced on the functionality of natural ecosystems by particularly impacting anthropogenic activities. In detail, a methodology has been developed to evaluate any alterations in the phenology of plant species in areas surrounding sites defined by Italian legislation as “potentially polluted”. Specifically, the study areas located in Basilicata (southern Italy) were intended for municipal solid waste management activities and, at some stage of their management, Potential Toxic Elements (PTEs) concentrations were recorded above the thresholds permitted by the current legislation. The phenological trends of the vegetation were analyzed at gradually increasing distances from the centroid of the sites and then compared with points of the same type of vegetation, very distant from the sites, in areas that were not reasonably impacted by any contamination. The reconstruction of the phenological trends was carried out using Sentinel-2 ima...
Seismological Research Letters
One important aspect of the seismicity is the spatiotemporal clustering; hence, the distinction b... more One important aspect of the seismicity is the spatiotemporal clustering; hence, the distinction between independent and triggered events is a critical part of the analysis of seismic catalogs. Stochastic declustering of seismicity allows a probabilistic distinction between these two kinds of events. Such an approach, usually performed with the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model, avoids the bias in the estimation of the frequency–magnitude distribution parameters if we consider a subset of the catalog, that is, only the independent or the triggered events. In this article, we present a framework to properly include the probabilities of any event to be independent (or triggered) both in the temporal variation of the seismic rates and in the estimation of the b-value of the Gutenberg–Richter law. This framework is then applied to a high-definition seismic catalog in the central part of Italy covering the period from April 2010 to December 2015. The results of our analysis s...
Geographies
The present research aims at verifying whether there are significant differences between Land Use... more The present research aims at verifying whether there are significant differences between Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) classifications performed using Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) data—abbreviated as L8 and S2. To comprehend the degree of accuracy between these classifications, both L8 and S2 scenes covering the study area located in the Basilicata region (Italy) and acquired within a couple of days in August 2017 were considered. Both images were geometrically and atmospherically corrected and then resampled at 30 m. To identify the ground truth for training and validation, a LULC map and a forest map realized by the Basilicata region were used as references. Then, each point was verified through photo-interpretation using the orthophoto AGEA 2017 (spatial resolution of 20 cm) as a ground truth image and, only in doubtful cases, a direct GPS field survey. MLC and SVM supervised classifications were applied to both types of image...
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Dec 1, 1981
... Page 10. 1990 R. CONSOLE AND A. ROVELLI ... Earthquake Res. Inst., Tokyo Univ. 53, 1-48. ISTI... more ... Page 10. 1990 R. CONSOLE AND A. ROVELLI ... Earthquake Res. Inst., Tokyo Univ. 53, 1-48. ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA OSSERVATORIO GEOFISICO CENTRALE MONTEPORZIO CATONE ROME, ITALY Manuscript received August 5, 1981
Annals of Geophysics, 1995
In this paper we model the geometry of a seismic source as a dislocation occurring on an elementa... more In this paper we model the geometry of a seismic source as a dislocation occurring on an elemental flat fault in an arbitrary direction with respect to the fault plane. This implies the use of a fourth parameter in addition to the three usual ones describing a simple double couple mechanism. We applied the radiation pattern obtained from the theory to a computer code written for the inversion of the observation data (amplitudes and polarities of the first onsets recorded by a network of stations). It allows the determination of the fault mechanism gener- alized in the above mentioned way. The computer code was verified on synthetic data and then applied to real data recorded by the seismic network operated by the Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (ENEL), monitoring the geothermal field of Larderello. The experimental data show that for some events the source mechanism exhibits a significant dipolar component. However, due to the high standard deviation of the amplitude data...
mb lo g A pp (n m ) Valerio Materni1,2, Rodolfo Console1, Stefano Chiappini1, Massimo Chiappini1 ... more mb lo g A pp (n m ) Valerio Materni1,2, Rodolfo Console1, Stefano Chiappini1, Massimo Chiappini1 and Giada Adelfio3 1 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Rome, Italy 2 Dipartimento di Fisica “E.Amaldi”, Università degli studi Roma Tre, Italy 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche e Matematiche “Silvio Vianelli”, Università di Palermo, Italy DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF SEISMIC REGIONAL DISCRIMINANTS ISS 2009 Conference SEISMO-22/J
Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 2017
This presentation outlines methodological aspects of earthquake forecasting. The recurring debate... more This presentation outlines methodological aspects of earthquake forecasting. The recurring debates concerning predictability of earthquakes clearly show how this problem is centred on the difficulty of systematically testing the numerous methodologies that in the years have been proposed and sustained by the supporters of prediction. This difficulty starts, sometimes, from the lack of a quantitative and rigorous definition of the concerned precursor, and other times from the lack of continuous observations, upon which statistical analyses could be based. After an introduction concerning the definition of earthquake precursors, the way how to validate forecast hypotheses and the cost associated to their operational application, I give two examples of time-dependent hazard models, for long-term and short-term earthquake forecasts respectively. Considering the long-term forecast modelling, the effect of stress change due to previous historical earthquakes on the probability of occurren...
European Seismological Commission, 1983
The main causes of background noise on seismic recordings are considered. For this purpose, numer... more The main causes of background noise on seismic recordings are considered. For this purpose, numerical spectral analysis techniques are applied to records obtained from an analogue-digital converter. Firstly, the causes of noise due to the data acquisition system itself, particularly to the FM magnetic recording apparatus, are analysed. Subsequently, an analysis is made of seismic ground noise samples taken under various environmental conditions and recorded either in the field, or by telemetry, or on magnetic tape. RIASSUNTO Vengono prese in esame le principali cause di rumore di fondo su registrazioni sismiche. A questo scopo vengono adoperate tecniche numeriche di analisi spettrale su registrazioni ottenute da un convertitore analogico-digitale. Dapprima si analizzano le cause di rumore provenienti
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2015
Accurate earthquake locations are crucial for investigating seismogenic processes, as well as for... more Accurate earthquake locations are crucial for investigating seismogenic processes, as well as for applications like verifying compliance to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. Modeling errors of calculated travel times, in addition to the density of the stations, their epicentral distances, and their azimuthal coverage, may have the effect of shifting the computed epicenters far from the real locations, regardless of the accuracy in picking seismic phase arrivals. In the present study, we compare the regional locations for one set of earthquakes obtained by arrival times reported by the Iranian Seismological Center with teleseismic locations obtained by arrival times reported by the International Seismological Center. We found location differences on the order of 10-20 km or larger, affecting both epicentral coordinates and depths. Average travel-time residuals to each station of the global network were computed for a set of sources located in the study area. We show that systematic shifts of hypocentral coordinates, as well as the sizes of their error ellipses, can be substantially reduced by applying source-specific station corrections. Finally, the validity of the calibration method was confirmed by a test carried out on a dataset different from that used for computing the travel-time corrections. This study includes an analysis of the effect of removing arrival times of critical stations from the dataset used for the locations, showing that this effect is largely reduced by the application of travel-time corrections. Online Material: Tables of hypocentral parameters with related information, stations used for relocation, and parameters computed for the teleseismic analysis.
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2013
We model interevent times and Coulomb static stress transfer on the rupture segments along the Co... more We model interevent times and Coulomb static stress transfer on the rupture segments along the Corinth Gulf extension zone, a region with a wealth of observations on strong‐earthquake recurrence behavior. From the available information on past seismic activity, we have identified eight segments without significant overlapping that are aligned along the southern boundary of the Corinth rift. We aim to test if strong earthquakes on these segments are characterized by some kind of time‐predictable behavior, rather than by complete randomness. The rationale for time‐predictable behavior is based on the characteristic earthquake hypothesis, the necessary ingredients of which are a known faulting geometry and slip rate. The tectonic loading rate is characterized by slip of 6 mm/yr on the westernmost fault segment, diminishing to 4 mm/yr on the easternmost segment, based on the most reliable geodetic data. In this study, we employ statistical and physical modeling to account for stress tra...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2007
The spatial pattern of the b value of the frequency‐magnitude relation has been analyzed using gr... more The spatial pattern of the b value of the frequency‐magnitude relation has been analyzed using gridding techniques beneath Mount Etna, Italy. A regional data set of 2900 events with Md (duration magnitude) ≥1.5 up to 15 km depth occurring between August 1999 and December 2005 has been used. Two regions with an abnormally high b value have been found, one centered beneath the southern part of the Valle del Bove, above the 6 km below sea level (bsl) deep basement, and the other beneath the summit region 2 km bsl east of the Central Craters. We can infer that these high b value anomalies are regions of increased crack density, and/or high pore pressure, related to the presence of nearby magma storage. This interpretation is supported by all the available geophysical evidence, such as tomographic studies and geodetic deformation measurements. The data set has also been subdivided into five periods, corresponding to different phases of volcanic activity: 2001 preeruption, 2001 eruptive, ...
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2018
An estimate of the expected earthquake rate at all possible magnitudes is needed for seismic haza... more An estimate of the expected earthquake rate at all possible magnitudes is needed for seismic hazard forecasts. Regional earthquake magnitude frequency distributions obey a negative exponential law (Gutenberg‐Richter), but it is unclear if individual faults do. We add three new methods to calculate long‐term California earthquake rupture rates to the existing Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 efforts to assess method and parameter dependence on magnitude frequency results for individual faults. All solutions show strongly characteristic magnitude‐frequency distributions on the San Andreas and other faults, with higher rates of large earthquakes than would be expected from a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution. This is a necessary outcome that results from fitting high fault slip rates under the overall statewide earthquake rate budget. We find that input data choices can affect the nucleation magnitude‐frequency distribution shape for the San Andreas Fault; solution...
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Papers by Rodolfo Console