Papers by Robin Callister
PLOS Medicine, Apr 19, 2022
Background The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online health behaviour ... more Background The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of an online health behaviour change intervention-Prevent 2nd Stroke (P2S)-at improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) amongst stroke survivors at 6 months of follow-up.
Healthcare, Aug 30, 2017
Obesity affects 27.5% of Australian women. Breakfast cereal consumption has been proposed to be p... more Obesity affects 27.5% of Australian women. Breakfast cereal consumption has been proposed to be protective against obesity. This study investigated the association of breakfast cereal consumption with the risk of developing obesity (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m 2) over 12 years among mid-age participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH). Dietary data were obtained at S3 and obesity incidence at S4-S7. Women were excluded if: dietary data were incomplete, energy intake was <4500 or >20,000 kJ/day, or they reported being overweight or obese at S3. Logistic regressions with discrete time survival analysis investigated the association between breakfast cereal intake and incident obesity and were adjusted for: area of residency, income, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, dietary intakes and a discrete measure of time. There were 308 incident cases of obesity. Any breakfast cereal intake was not associated with incident obesity (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.92; p = 0.68). Oat-based cereal (OR: 0.71; p = 0.01), muesli (OR: 0.57; p = 0.00) and All-Bran (OR: 0.62; p = 0.01) intakes were associated with a significant reduction in obesity risk. Among this cohort, muesli on its own, or as part of oat-based cereals, and All-Bran, were associated with a reduction in obesity. This effect may be due to particular characteristics of these cereal eaters, but the relationship warrants further investigation.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2009
Background: Statistical mediation analysis can be used to improve the design of obesity preventio... more Background: Statistical mediation analysis can be used to improve the design of obesity prevention and treatment programs by identifying the possible mechanisms through which an intervention achieved its effects. The aim of this study was to identify mediators of weight loss in an Internet-based weight-loss program specifically designed for overweight men. Methods: The Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) program was a 3-month randomized controlled trial (Internet-based intervention group vs information only control group) that was implemented in 2007 with baseline and 6-month follow-up assessment of weight, physical activity and dietary behaviors. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol mediation analyses were conducted using a product-of-coefficients test. Results: Participants (N = 65) were overweight and obese male academic (n = 10) and non-academic (n = 27) staff and students (n = 28) from the University of Newcastle, Australia. Mean (SD) age = 35.9 (11.1) years and mean (SD) BMI = 30.6 (2.8). In the intention-to-treat analysis, both groups lost weight, but relative to the control group, the intervention did not have a statistically significant 'total effect' on weight, τ =-.507, p = .716 (95% CI =-3.277 to 2.263). In the per-protocol analysis, the intervention had a statistically significant 'total effect' on weight, τ =-4.487, p < .05 (95% CI =-8.208 to-.765). The intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on any of the hypothesized mediators and none of the behavioral variables mediated weight loss in the SHED-IT program. Although participants in the intervention group reduced their fat intake over the study period, the changes did not satisfy the criteria for mediation. Conclusion: Few studies have examined the mediators of weight loss in obesity treatment interventions. While none of the hypothesized mediators satisfied the criteria for mediation in the current study, there was some evidence to suggest that overweight men in the SHED-IT intervention reduced their fat intake over the study period. Future obesity treatment and prevention programs should explore behavioral mediators of weight loss using appropriate statistical methods.
Public Health Nutrition, Jul 6, 2010
Objective: To describe dietary changes in men participating in an obesity intervention as part of... more Objective: To describe dietary changes in men participating in an obesity intervention as part of the Self-Help, Exercise and Diet using Information Technology (SHED-IT) study. Design: An assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial comparing Internet (n 34) v. information-only groups (n 31) with 6-month follow-up. Dietary intake assessed by FFQ, reporting usual consumption of seventy-four foods and six alcoholic beverages using a 10-point frequency scale. A single portion size (PSF) factor was calculated based on photographs to indicate usual serving sizes.
JBI library of systematic reviews, 2010
Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, Jun 1, 2017
acid (EPA, 20:5u3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6u3) improve tissue DHA levels and reduce ca... more acid (EPA, 20:5u3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6u3) improve tissue DHA levels and reduce cardiovascular risk, whereas the influence of plant oils rich in stearidonic acid (SDA) on increasing tissue DHA is limited. We aimed to evaluate whether EO promotes tissue uptake of DHA when long-chain (LC) u3PUFA is present in the diet. Methods: Rats were fed diets containing 5% fat (w/w) as lard (control), SDA-rich echium oil (EO), fish oil (FO), or EO:FO blends (EO at 2, 3 and 4% mixed with FO at 3, 2 and 1% w/w respectively). After 12 weeks plasma, liver, heart and kidney fatty acid composition was determined. Data was analysed by one-way ANOVA and a Tukey post hoc test. Results: Both EO and FO (5% w/w) supplementation increased EPA in all tissues (p < 0.05). FO increased DHA levels, but EO only increased EPA and DPA (docosapentaenoic acid; 22:5u3), not DHA. Blending FO with EO enhanced tissue DHA levels, with as little as 1% FO doubling the level of DHA in heart tissue (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary SDA (as EO) did not increase tissue DHA levels, as its elongation/desaturation terminated at DPA. However, this limitation can be corrected by the co-provision of a small amount of FO.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Sep 1, 2021
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of match play on shoulder internal rotation... more The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of match play on shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in amateur Australian rugby union players. Maximal isometric shoulder IR and ER strength was measured in 18 male players using hand-held dynamometry before match, at half-time, after match, and 1, 3, and 7 days after match. Match stress was measured intrinsically (rating of perceived exertion) and extrinsically (number of shoulder events). Linear mixed regression modeling determined differences in strength measures while exploring possible confounders, including history of pain, pain on testing, player position, exposure, height, body mass, and body mass index. From the models, IR strength decreased from before match to after match (adjusted mean difference 1.96 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63-3.29, p 5 0.004), 1 day after match (2.47; 1.14-3.80, p , 0.001), and 3 days after match (1.75; 0.42-3.09, p 5 0.010). External rotation strength decreased from before match to half-time (adjusted mean difference 1.54 kg, 95% CI: 0.65-2.42, p 5 0.001), but no other time points demonstrated significant changes in ER strength compared with before match. None of the possible confounding variables significantly affected strength changes over time. Rugby union match play is associated with reduced shoulder strength, particularly IR. Future research is required to establish whether strength changes are associated with shoulder pain and injury.
Mental Health and Physical Activity, Oct 1, 2019
Background: Exercise has beneficial effects on depression; however, research is constrained by lo... more Background: Exercise has beneficial effects on depression; however, research is constrained by low program adherence. This paper investigates: 1) whether there are improvements in stage of change (exercise readiness) and exercise self-efficacy from before to after a brief motivational interviewing (MI) intervention designed to enhance program engagement among youth with major depressive disorder (MDD); and 2) any prospective association between baseline stage of change (exercise readiness) category and exercise program participation, retention and treatment outcomes. Methods: Selected pre-versus post-intervention and related secondary analyses based on pooled data from an initial pilot (n = 14) and subsequent two-armed RCT (n = 68). Participants were aged 15-25 years and met diagnostic criteria for MDD. Following psychological and physical fitness assessments, participants in the active treatment condition received a brief MI intervention followed by a supervised 12-week multi-modal exercise intervention. Results: Higher initial exercise readiness was significantly related to baseline weekly exercise participation and self-efficacy, with trend-level associations with behavioural activation. There was a trend level differential improvement in exercise readiness post MI, and a significant increase in self-efficacy among the intervention group. Post MI self-efficacy was also correlated with increased exercise participation. Clear post-intervention benefits were detected for most outcome measures; however, these were not differential by baseline stage of change category. Conclusion: Early MI based interventions increase exercise readiness and enhance self-efficacy, which may promote increased engagement and exercise adherence. Integrating MI as a prelude to exercise intervention shows promise as an effective engagement and treatment strategy among youth with MDD.
Journal of Nutrition and Intermediary Metabolism, Jun 1, 2016
were searched for dietary intervention trials published between Jan 2004 e March 2015 using the f... more were searched for dietary intervention trials published between Jan 2004 e March 2015 using the following keywords and combinations: "trial" OR "intervention", "food" OR "diet", "weight loss" and "compliance" OR "adherence". Studies were included if food was provided to at least one study arm, and if weight change and compliance were reported. The final included studies were categorised into two groups: trials involving a control group not supplemented with food ('food versus no food'), and trials providing food to all participants ('food versus food'). Results: Seventeen articles from 16 studies were included. Weight loss was reported for all participants in 'food versus food' category. In 'food versus no food' category, the intervention groups appeared to lose more weight than controls. Three trials reported a significant difference in weight loss between groups. Conclusions: In dietary intervention trials, food supplementation alone does not lead to greater weight loss but may act as an incentive to modulate diet and improve compliance. Funding source(s): N/A.
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 2019
Rugby union has a high incidence of match injuries. However, there is limited information regardi... more Rugby union has a high incidence of match injuries. However, there is limited information regarding the incidence and characteristics of match injuries in male amateur players. In particular, there is a lack of information regarding injury rates per match quarter. Investigating this may inform injury prevention strategies. The aim is to determine whether the rate and characteristics of injury vary with match quarter in male amateur rugby union players, regardless of whether the injury resulted in time loss from play. This prospective cohort study recorded and examined the number and characteristics of injuries during match quarters across a season of amateur rugby union. Team match exposure was recorded. Injuries were recorded by a team physiotherapist consistent with Rugby Injury Consensus Group guidelines. Matches were divided into quarters for data analysis, and statistical significance was determined using Chi-square analysis. 127 players sustained 207 injuries across 18 games. The injury incidence was 164 injuries/1000 match hours. There was a significant (p < .001) difference in the number of injuries between match quarters, with the greatest number in the fourth, followed by the second, third, and first quarter. Forwards had a statistically significant higher rate of injury between quarters. Injury incidence in amateur rugby is higher than previously reported. Injury rates in amateur male rugby increase at the end of each match half, peaking in the fourth quarter. These findings contribute to the understanding of the aetiology of injury in amateur rugby union.
Physical Therapy in Sport, Nov 1, 2019
Objective: This study aimed to identify posture deviations in rugby league players, and to observ... more Objective: This study aimed to identify posture deviations in rugby league players, and to observe relationships between posture and the incidence of non-contact lower limb injury. Design: Prospective cohort. Setting: Laboratory and on-field. Participants: Junior representative, semi-professional and professional rugby league players (n ¼ 207). Main outcome measures: Static posture scores from photographs (Watson and MacDonncha tool) in preseason; non-contact lower limb injury surveillance and exposure data. Methods: Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to observe relationships between postural components and the incidence of non-contact lower limb injury. Results: 8.7% of players sustained a quadriceps injury; 7.2% sustained a calf injury. Semi-professional and professional players had the highest injury rates. The most common posture deviations were having a forward shoulder position (46.9%), a forward head position (33.3%), a varus knee interspace (32.9%) or a lumbar lordosis (30.9%). A moderate C-scoliosis deviation was associated with a decrease in injury risk (OR 1.57 95% CI 1.00-2.46 p ¼ 0.052). Included in the model was player weight, which was associated with an increased risk of injury (OR 1.04 95% CI 1.01-1.07 p ¼ 0.010). Conclusions: Although postural deviations are common in rugby league players, given the lack of association with injury, they may not warrant intervention.
Journal of Medical Internet Research, Apr 12, 2016
Background: Self-monitoring is an essential behavioral strategy for effective weight loss program... more Background: Self-monitoring is an essential behavioral strategy for effective weight loss programs. Traditionally, self-monitoring has been achieved using paper-based records. However, technology is now more frequently used to deliver treatment programs to overweight and obese adults. Information technologies, such as the Internet and mobile phones, allow innovative intervention features to be incorporated into treatment that may facilitate greater adherence to self-monitoring processes, provide motivation for behavior change, and ultimately lead to greater weight loss success. Objective: The objective of our study was to determine whether the consistency of self-monitoring differed between participants randomly assigned to a basic or an enhanced 12-week commercial Web-based weight loss program. Methods: We randomly assigned a sample of 301 adults (mean age 42.3 years; body mass index 31.3 kg/m2; female 176/301, 58.5%) to the basic or enhanced group. The basic program included tools for self-monitoring (online food and exercise diary, and a weekly weigh-in log) with some feedback and reminders to weigh in (by text or email). The enhanced program included the basic components, as well as extra individualized feedback on self-monitoring entries and reminders (by text, email, or telephone) to engage with self-monitoring tools. We evaluated the level of self-monitoring by examining the consistency of self-monitoring of food, exercise, and weight during the 12 weeks. Consistency was defined as the number of weeks during which participants completed a criterion number of entries (ie, ≥3 days of online food or exercise diary records per week and ≥1 weigh-in per week). Results: The enhanced group's consistency of use of self-monitoring tools was significantly greater than that of the basic group throughout the 12 weeks (median consistency for food 8 vs 3 weeks, respectively, P<.001; for exercise 2.5 vs 1 weeks, respectively, P=.003). Conclusions: Enhanced features, including additional individualized feedback and reminders, are effective in enhancing self-monitoring behaviors in a Web-based weight loss program.
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, Sep 1, 2014
Obese men are more likely to have poor dietary patterns compared to women, increasing diet-relate... more Obese men are more likely to have poor dietary patterns compared to women, increasing diet-related chronic disease risk. The impact of a male-only weight loss intervention on dietary intakes is under-evaluated. The aim was to determine whether overweight/obese men randomised to self-help paper-based resources with or without online support, achieved greater improvements in diet compared with Wait-list controls at 3 and 6 months following a gender tailored weight-loss intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using a 120-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), in a secondary analysis of a three-arm weight loss RCT grounded in Social Cognitive Theory; (1) RESOURCES: gender-tailored weight loss resources (DVD, handbooks, pedometer, tape measure); (2) Online: resources plus website and efeedback, (3) Wait-list control. Energy, total fat, saturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes decreased in the online group, which differed significantly from controls at 3- and 6-month follow-up (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). There was a significant reduction in energy, fat and carbohydrate intakes in the Resource group at 3 and 6 months, but no difference from controls (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;0.05). In the online group there was an increase in %energy from core foods and decrease in %energy from energy-dense nutrient-poor foods (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) that was significantly different compared to controls at 3 and 6 months (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). Results suggest that men randomised to the SHED-IT intervention arms were able to implement key dietary messages up to 6 months compared to controls. Future interventions should include targeted and gender-tailored messages as a strategy to improve men&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s dietary intake within weight loss interventions.
Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, Jun 1, 2015
Background: Although exercise has multiple health benefits, relatively little attention has been ... more Background: Although exercise has multiple health benefits, relatively little attention has been paid to its potential therapeutic effects in those with asthma. Objectives: To examine the effects of acute exercise on inflammation, in physically inactive and active adults with asthma. Methods: Fourteen adults with asthma (n=6 physically inactive, n=8 physically active) completed 1) 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill, and 2) 30 minutes of rest in random order, with 4 weeks between sessions. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) was measured pre-and post-intervention (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 24 hours). Blood inflammatory mediators were measured pre-and post-intervention (0, 2, 24 hours). Results: Physically inactive participants had a significant decrease in eNO 4 hours post-exercise [-4.8 (-6.4,-0.5)ppb, p=0.028], which was not observed in physically active participants (p=0.362). IL-1ra increased in the physically inactive group 2 hours post-exercise, with this increase strongly correlated with the decrease in eNO both at 4 hours (R=-0.685, p=0.007) and 24 hours (R=-0.659, p=0.014) postexercise. IL-6 was increased significantly 2 hours post-exercise in physically inactive participants. Blood neutrophils and NRF2 gene expression were increased 2 hours post-exercise in the overall cohort. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that acute moderate-intensity exercise is associated with reduced eNO in physically inactive adults with asthma and suggests that IL-1ra may have a role in mediating this effect. The attenuated response in physically active participants may be due to sustained anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training. Future studies should investigate the impact
Preventive Medicine, Jan 27, 2011
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the Physical Act... more Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the Physical Activity Leaders (PALs) program. PALs is an obesity prevention program for low-active adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools. Methods: The study was conducted in the Hunter Region, New South Wales (NSW), Australia from June to December 2009. Four disadvantaged secondary schools were randomized to treatment conditions for the 6-month study period. Participants were 100 adolescent boys [mean (SD) age=14.3(.6) years; BMI = 22.1 kg/m-2 (4.6); BMI z-score = 0.6 (1.2)]. The primary outcome was change in BMI and secondary outcomes were body fat (bio-electrical impedance analysis), waist circumference, muscular fitness (leg dynamometer, 90-degree push-up test and 7stage sit-up test), physical activity (5-days of pedometry) and selected dietary behaviors. Results. Significant group-by-time interaction effects were found for BMI (mean difference =-0.8 kg/m-2 , p<0.001, d =0.7), BMI z-score (mean difference =-0.2, p<0.001, d=0.7), and body fat (mean difference =-1.8%, p<0.05, d=0.5), but not for waist circumference, muscular fitness or physical activity. Participants in the intervention group reduced their consumption of sugar-containing beverages. Conclusions: The PALs program was a feasible and efficacious approach to induce healthy weight loss in adolescent boys from disadvantaged secondary schools.
Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, Jul 1, 2011
Recruiting men to weight loss programs is notoriously difficult and little is known about the exp... more Recruiting men to weight loss programs is notoriously difficult and little is known about the experiences of men who participate in weight loss programs. The aims of this paper were to report the perceptions and experiences of men who enrolled in the SHED-IT (Self-Help, Exercise, Diet and Information Technology) randomized controlled trial in the context of (1) what attracted them to the program, (2) their satisfaction with the program and its components, and (3) their suggestions for improvements to the program. The SHED-IT program exclusively targeted men and was developed to appeal to men. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 overweight/obese (BMI between 25 and 37 kg/m(2)) men aged 18-60 years who were employed or enrolled at the University of Newcastle and who had been enrolled to the SHED-IT trial and randomly allocated to receive either the Internet intervention or basic weight-loss Information Only. Significant weight loss was achieved by both groups. A thematic analysis was undertaken applying the constant comparison method. Results indicated that lack of knowledge was a major weight loss barrier and men were attracted to a program that did not require extensive time commitments, was tailored for men and allowed inclusion of &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;treat&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; food and drinks. Men were satisfied with both programs and valued the education about energy balance and the humour used to deliver simple messages. More face-to-face contact was a common suggestion for improvement. Our findings will inform future weight loss interventions for men and assist researchers and practitioners to engage men in weight loss.:
Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2015
Adherence and accuracy of self-monitoring of dietary intake influences success in weight manageme... more Adherence and accuracy of self-monitoring of dietary intake influences success in weight management interventions. Information technologies such as computers and smartphones have the potential to improve adherence and accuracy by reducing the burden associated with monitoring dietary intake using traditional paper-based food records. We evaluated the acceptability and accuracy of three different 7-day food record methods (online accessed via computer, online accessed via smartphone, and paper-based). Young women (N=18; aged 23.4±2.9 years; body mass index 24.0±2.2) completed the three 7-day food records in random order with 7-day washout periods between each method. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was derived from resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity level (PAL) derived from accelerometers (TEE=REE×PAL). Accuracy of the three methods was assessed by calculating absolute (energy intake [EI]-TEE) and percentage difference (EI/TEE×100) between self-reported EI and TEE. Acceptability was assessed via questionnaire. Mean±standard deviation TEE was 2,185±302 kcal/day and EI was 1,729±249 kcal/day, 1,675±287kcal/day, and 1,682±352 kcal/day for computer, smartphone, and paper records, respectively. There were no significant differences between absolute and percentage differences between EI and TEE for the three methods: computer, -510±389 kcal/day (78%); smartphone, -456±372 kcal/day (80%); and paper, -503±513 kcal/day (79%). Half of participants (n=9) preferred computer recording, 44.4% preferred smartphone, and 5.6% preferred paper-based records. Most participants (89%) least preferred the paper-based record. Because online food records completed on either computer or smartphone were as accurate as paper-based records but more acceptable to young women, they should be considered when self-monitoring of intake is recommended to young women.
Journal of Adolescent Health, Feb 1, 2009
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention (Program X)... more The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention (Program X) incorporating pedometers and email support on physical activity, sedentary behavior and healthy eating in adolescents. Methods: A randomized control trial (RCT) was used to evaluate the impact of the Program X intervention. Six schools (N = 124 participants, mean age = 14.1 ± .8) were randomized to intervention or control conditions for the six month study period. Objectively recorded physical activity (mean steps/day), self-reported sedentary behavior and dietary habits were measured at baseline and at six month follow-up and intervention effects were assessed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi square tests (²). Results: Participants in the intervention group increased their step counts by 956 ± 4107 steps/day (boys) and 999 ± 1999 (girls). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant group-by-time interactions for boys (F = 7.4, p = .01, d = .80) and girls (F = 29.6, p <.001, d = 1.27) for mean steps/day. The intervention significantly decreased the number of energy dense/low nutrient snacks consumed by boys (² = 4.0, p = .043) and increased the number of fruit serves among girls (²= 4.8, p = .028). The intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on sedentary behavior. Conclusions: A school-based intervention incorporating physical activity monitoring using pedometers and email support was successful in promoting physical activity and selected healthy eating behaviors in adolescent boys and girls.
Obesity, Nov 1, 2009
articles intervention and Prevention controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and efficac... more articles intervention and Prevention controlled trial was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an Internet-based weight-loss program for overweight men. The design, conduct, and reporting of this study adhered to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines (12). Methods And Procedures Participants Overweight or obese (BMI between 25 and 37 kg/m 2) male staff (academic and nonacademic) and students aged 18-60 years were recruited from the University of Newcastle from advertisements placed on University notice boards and website in late August 2007. Participants were screened for eligibility via telephone. Ineligibility criteria included a history of major medical problems such as heart disease in the past 5 years, diabetes, orthopedic, or joint problems that would be a barrier to physical activity, recent weight loss of ≥4.5 kg, or taking medications that might affect body weight. All participants were required to not participate in other weight-loss programs during the study and needed to have access to a computer with email and Internet facilities. All participants completed a pre-exercise risk assessment screening questionnaire (13) and provided written informed consent. Ethics approval was obtained from the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee.
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Papers by Robin Callister