... paints the evidence NARRATIVE CONTENT Setting: specifies setting Character development: incl... more ... paints the evidence NARRATIVE CONTENT Setting: specifies setting Character development: includes descriptive information that will help reader understand the characters' motives 4 4The Teachers' Assessment Rubric was developed by Sandra Schecter in cooperation with ...
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Mar 1, 1994
This monograph advances the not particularly controversial claim that linguistic theory (even a h... more This monograph advances the not particularly controversial claim that linguistic theory (even a highly restrictive linguistic theory) must have an associated learning theory, in order to
291 18 Language Socialization in Multilingual and Second Language Contexts Robert Bayley and Juli... more 291 18 Language Socialization in Multilingual and Second Language Contexts Robert Bayley and Juliet Langman1 Introduction Language socialization ... language acquisition in Samoa, Schieffelin's (1990) work with the Kaluli in Papua New Guinea, and Watson-Gegeo's (1992 ...
The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics contains forty chapters dealing with a great variety of t... more The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics contains forty chapters dealing with a great variety of topics in the study of language and society. It presents the major theoretical approaches in particular bilingual and multilingual contexts, and both spoken and signed languages. The volume not only offers an up-to-date guide to the diverse areas of the study of language in society, but also numerous guideposts to where the field is headed. The first section examines the contributions of the various disciplines that have contributed to the sociolinguistic enterprise. The second section deals with methods, a central concern of a discipline that bases its conclusions on evidence drawn from the real world of social interaction. The third section deals directly with a number of issues in multilingualism and language contact. The fourth section focuses on a core area of sociolinguistics: the study of language variation and change. The fifth section focuses on macrosociolinguistics and explores language policy, ideology, and attitudes in a wide range of contexts. The final section of the volume discusses sociolinguistics in a number of different domains including law, medicine, sign-language interpretation, language awareness, language revitalization, and social activism.
In the United States, the 1990s witnessed levels of immigration that had not been seen since the ... more In the United States, the 1990s witnessed levels of immigration that had not been seen since the early years of the twentieth century, and high levels of immigration have continued in the first years of the twenty-first century. As a result of continuing immigration, as well as a high birth rate among immigrant populations, the United States has become increasingly diverse linguistically. The increase in the Spanish-speaking population was particularly striking. According to the US Bureau of the Census, the number of persons aged 5 and older who claimed to speak Spanish at home grew from 17,862,477 in 1990 to 28,101,052 in 2000, an increase of more than 57 per cent (US Bureau of the Census 2003). The growth of the Spanish-speaking population has continued unabated in the twenty-first century.
This article summarizes early approaches to sociolinguistic research and the factors that conditi... more This article summarizes early approaches to sociolinguistic research and the factors that condition variation in sign languages. The article then examines the methodological issues that arise in the study of sign languages before discussing recent research on variation in several different sign languages and dialects including Black ASL, Australian Sign Language, New Zealand Sign Language, and Italian Sign Language. This research shows that sign languages, like spoken languages, are subject to a wide range of internal and external constraints, some of which are particular to sign languages. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
The difficulty of drawing inferences about acquisition on the basis of highly variable learner pr... more The difficulty of drawing inferences about acquisition on the basis of highly variable learner production has been a continuing issue in second language (L2) research. At the phonological level, for example, learner production of L2 phonetic distinctions does not ...
?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the li... more ?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
In Spanish, subject pronouns may be realized phonetically or as null. Previous research on a wide... more In Spanish, subject pronouns may be realized phonetically or as null. Previous research on a wide range of dialects has established a rich patterning of constraints on this variation, with switch reference as the first order linguistic constraint. Recently, however, Paredes Silva (1993), in a study of written Brazilian Portuguese, suggested a more fine-grained analysis of null subject pronoun variation based on a model of discourse connectedness. This study tests Paredes Silva's model on the oral and written Spanish narratives of northern California Mexican-descent preadolescents. Results of multivariate analysis indicate that discourse connectedness provides a more fine-grained account of pronoun variation in the Spanish of these children than switch reference. The study also considers the effect of morphological ambiguity. We suggest that tense and aspect features provide a better explanation for the higher incidence of overt pronouns with imperfect, conditional, and subjunctive verb forms than the functional compensation hypothesis. Finally, we examine pronoun variation across immigrant generations. The results indicate that children with the greatest depth of ties to the United States are less likely to use overt pronouns than children born in Mexico. In Spanish, subject pronouns may be expressed overtly or omitted in all tenses and moods: for example, (1) una noche cerca de navidad ella/0 nos dijo que se sent fa muy mal 'one night near Christmas she told us that she felt very bad' (2) entonces £1/0 tuvo que cerrar la ventana. 'then he had to close the window.' The research reported here was supported by a grant to Robert Bayley from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, and by a Spencer Foundation grant to Lucinda Pease-Alvarez. Data were collected under a Spencer Foundation grant to Lucinda Pease-Alvarez and Kcnji Hakuta. Kelly Duncan and Martha L6pez-Durkin assisted with coding. We also wish to thank Gregory Guy, Ricardo Otheguy, Carmen Silva-Corvaldn, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. 349 350 ROBERT BAYLEY AND LUCINDA PEASE-ALVAREZ 'The earthquake lasted a minute and measured approximately 8.1 on the Richter scale. When it stopped we turned on the television and saw the Bay Bridge.' Evaluation Yo tenia tanto miedo porque ya liabia pasado por esto una vez y la verdad no me gustan los terremotos.
... paints the evidence NARRATIVE CONTENT Setting: specifies setting Character development: incl... more ... paints the evidence NARRATIVE CONTENT Setting: specifies setting Character development: includes descriptive information that will help reader understand the characters' motives 4 4The Teachers' Assessment Rubric was developed by Sandra Schecter in cooperation with ...
Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Mar 1, 1994
This monograph advances the not particularly controversial claim that linguistic theory (even a h... more This monograph advances the not particularly controversial claim that linguistic theory (even a highly restrictive linguistic theory) must have an associated learning theory, in order to
291 18 Language Socialization in Multilingual and Second Language Contexts Robert Bayley and Juli... more 291 18 Language Socialization in Multilingual and Second Language Contexts Robert Bayley and Juliet Langman1 Introduction Language socialization ... language acquisition in Samoa, Schieffelin's (1990) work with the Kaluli in Papua New Guinea, and Watson-Gegeo's (1992 ...
The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics contains forty chapters dealing with a great variety of t... more The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics contains forty chapters dealing with a great variety of topics in the study of language and society. It presents the major theoretical approaches in particular bilingual and multilingual contexts, and both spoken and signed languages. The volume not only offers an up-to-date guide to the diverse areas of the study of language in society, but also numerous guideposts to where the field is headed. The first section examines the contributions of the various disciplines that have contributed to the sociolinguistic enterprise. The second section deals with methods, a central concern of a discipline that bases its conclusions on evidence drawn from the real world of social interaction. The third section deals directly with a number of issues in multilingualism and language contact. The fourth section focuses on a core area of sociolinguistics: the study of language variation and change. The fifth section focuses on macrosociolinguistics and explores language policy, ideology, and attitudes in a wide range of contexts. The final section of the volume discusses sociolinguistics in a number of different domains including law, medicine, sign-language interpretation, language awareness, language revitalization, and social activism.
In the United States, the 1990s witnessed levels of immigration that had not been seen since the ... more In the United States, the 1990s witnessed levels of immigration that had not been seen since the early years of the twentieth century, and high levels of immigration have continued in the first years of the twenty-first century. As a result of continuing immigration, as well as a high birth rate among immigrant populations, the United States has become increasingly diverse linguistically. The increase in the Spanish-speaking population was particularly striking. According to the US Bureau of the Census, the number of persons aged 5 and older who claimed to speak Spanish at home grew from 17,862,477 in 1990 to 28,101,052 in 2000, an increase of more than 57 per cent (US Bureau of the Census 2003). The growth of the Spanish-speaking population has continued unabated in the twenty-first century.
This article summarizes early approaches to sociolinguistic research and the factors that conditi... more This article summarizes early approaches to sociolinguistic research and the factors that condition variation in sign languages. The article then examines the methodological issues that arise in the study of sign languages before discussing recent research on variation in several different sign languages and dialects including Black ASL, Australian Sign Language, New Zealand Sign Language, and Italian Sign Language. This research shows that sign languages, like spoken languages, are subject to a wide range of internal and external constraints, some of which are particular to sign languages. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
The difficulty of drawing inferences about acquisition on the basis of highly variable learner pr... more The difficulty of drawing inferences about acquisition on the basis of highly variable learner production has been a continuing issue in second language (L2) research. At the phonological level, for example, learner production of L2 phonetic distinctions does not ...
?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the li... more ?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
In Spanish, subject pronouns may be realized phonetically or as null. Previous research on a wide... more In Spanish, subject pronouns may be realized phonetically or as null. Previous research on a wide range of dialects has established a rich patterning of constraints on this variation, with switch reference as the first order linguistic constraint. Recently, however, Paredes Silva (1993), in a study of written Brazilian Portuguese, suggested a more fine-grained analysis of null subject pronoun variation based on a model of discourse connectedness. This study tests Paredes Silva's model on the oral and written Spanish narratives of northern California Mexican-descent preadolescents. Results of multivariate analysis indicate that discourse connectedness provides a more fine-grained account of pronoun variation in the Spanish of these children than switch reference. The study also considers the effect of morphological ambiguity. We suggest that tense and aspect features provide a better explanation for the higher incidence of overt pronouns with imperfect, conditional, and subjunctive verb forms than the functional compensation hypothesis. Finally, we examine pronoun variation across immigrant generations. The results indicate that children with the greatest depth of ties to the United States are less likely to use overt pronouns than children born in Mexico. In Spanish, subject pronouns may be expressed overtly or omitted in all tenses and moods: for example, (1) una noche cerca de navidad ella/0 nos dijo que se sent fa muy mal 'one night near Christmas she told us that she felt very bad' (2) entonces £1/0 tuvo que cerrar la ventana. 'then he had to close the window.' The research reported here was supported by a grant to Robert Bayley from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas, San Antonio, and by a Spencer Foundation grant to Lucinda Pease-Alvarez. Data were collected under a Spencer Foundation grant to Lucinda Pease-Alvarez and Kcnji Hakuta. Kelly Duncan and Martha L6pez-Durkin assisted with coding. We also wish to thank Gregory Guy, Ricardo Otheguy, Carmen Silva-Corvaldn, and four anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. 349 350 ROBERT BAYLEY AND LUCINDA PEASE-ALVAREZ 'The earthquake lasted a minute and measured approximately 8.1 on the Richter scale. When it stopped we turned on the television and saw the Bay Bridge.' Evaluation Yo tenia tanto miedo porque ya liabia pasado por esto una vez y la verdad no me gustan los terremotos.
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