Papers by Riza Villanueva
The Philippines is moving towards a more sustainable public transport system by introducing a pub... more The Philippines is moving towards a more sustainable public transport system by introducing a public utility vehicle (PUV) modernization program with electric jeepneys (e-jeepneys) and modernized diesel jeepneys. Despite its potential to address problems related to air pollution, traffic congestion, dependence on fuel imports, and carbon emissions, transport groups show resistance to the adoption of the government program due to costs and investment risk issues. This study aims to guide transport operators in making investment decisions between the modernized diesel jeepney and the e-jeepney fleet. Applying the real options approach (ROA), this research evaluates option values and optimal investment strategies under uncertainties in diesel prices, jeepney base fare price, electricity prices, and government subsidy. The optimization results reveal a better opportunity to invest in the e-jeepney fleet in all scenarios analyzed. Results also show a more optimal decision strategy to invest in the e-jeepney immediately in the current business environment, as delaying or postponing investment may incur opportunity losses. To make the adoption of the e-jeepney more attractive to transport operators, this study further suggests government actions to increase the amount of subsidy and base fares, establish public charging stations, and continue efforts to rely on cleaner, cheaper, and renewable sources of electricity.
The study aimed to assess the extent of manifestation of science competencies of first year BSEd ... more The study aimed to assess the extent of manifestation of science competencies of first year BSEd Sciences major students of College of Teacher Education, who are non-STEM graduates, in biology, chemistry and physics, with the end view of proposing remedial activities. It also assessed practices applied in teaching and learning on these science courses. Further, challenges encountered by the students in learning were also identified. The study used descriptive research design using a questionnaire as the primary data collection instrument. Respondents of the study were students of Batangas State University-Pablo Borbon, Batangas State University-Malvar, and Batangas State University-Nasugbu (ARASOF). Statistical tools used were composite and weighted mean. The results revealed that first year BSEd Sciences program students who are nonSTEM graduates' manifest slight competence in Biology and Physics while moderate competence in Chemistry. In terms of teaching and learning practice...
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Papers by Riza Villanueva