Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and identification of viruses that they carry i... more Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and identification of viruses that they carry is important. This study aimed to use high throughput screening to identify the viruses in fecal guano of Taiwanese insectivorous bats caves in order to obtain more information on bat-derived pathogenic viruses in East Asia. Guano samples were collected from two caves in Taiwan, pooled, and then subjected to Multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing for viral identification. Subsequently, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) sequence was detected and confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. EMCV is considered as rodent virus and thus, animal species identification through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding was further done to identify the viral source. Finally, determination of distribution and verification of the presence of EMCV in guano obtained from Japanese and South Korean caves was also done. We concluded that the guano collected was not contaminated with the excrement of rodents which were reported and presumed to live in Taiwan. Also, EMCV genome fragments were found in guanos of Japanese and South Korean caves. It is possible that the eastern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) is one of the natural hosts of EMCV in East Asia.
A practical method of disposing sharps in India. ... There are no files associated with this item... more A practical method of disposing sharps in India. ... There are no files associated with this item. ... Items in Index Medicus for South-East Asia are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. ... Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region ( ...
International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2013
Mutation testing is a fault-based testing technique that can be used for testing software at unit... more Mutation testing is a fault-based testing technique that can be used for testing software at unit level, integration level and specification level. In addition to assessing the test data adequacy, mutation testing has also been used to support other testing activities such as test data generation, regression testing etc. Several works has been done on automatic generation of test data that can be effectively kill mutants. Constraint-based test data generation (CBT) is one of the automatic test data generation techniques using mutation testing, however, existing approaches of test case generation generally generate test data by killing one mutant at one time. Thus, more test cases are needed for achieving a given mutation score. In this paper, an approach is proposed by filtering the test data according to necessity condition and reachability condition by killing multiple mutants, mutated at the different location at one time and filtered test data also achieved same or approximate same mutation score. In proposed approach, some test data is filtered out of large test data that is sufficient to kill multiple mutants, located at different location. So this approach reduces the testing cost and time.
2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, 2011
Abstract The object-oriented paradigm is fast growing acceptance in the software industry. But, t... more Abstract The object-oriented paradigm is fast growing acceptance in the software industry. But, the powerful features of this new paradigm also introduce a set of Object Oriented software testing and maintenance problems. This problem can be handled by various ...
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011
This paper presents an analytical review of approaches used by different authors. Coverage inform... more This paper presents an analytical review of approaches used by different authors. Coverage information is very important for finding redundancy in test cases. Test redundancy detection reduces the costs of testing and maintenance of software. A redundant test case is a useless part of test suite and it increases the testing cost and test suite size. There are a lot of works that proposed different approaches for test case redundancy detection. Some effective approaches have analysed and this study is very useful for future work in this direction. Some important factors like false positive error, fault detection effectiveness etc. have discussed.
In 1995 large sharps containers were introduced, accompanied by an intensive education programme.... more In 1995 large sharps containers were introduced, accompanied by an intensive education programme. Details of documented injuries from 1993 to 1999 were analysed using the Epi-Info software. A total of 347 injuries occurred, mainly due to improper disposal of needles, recapping and carelessness during use. The percentage of injuries attributed to disposal fell from 69.2% in 1995 to 38.5% in 1996 (after the education programme). A further decrease was noted after the additional introduction of small sharps containers. In 1995, 73% of injuries involved housekeeping staff, this fell to 12% in 1998. Relatively simple interventions decreased the numbers of injuries, and we recommend that all healthcare institutions should have a system of documenting needlestick injuries, and take measures to decrease their incidence.
Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and identification of viruses that they carry i... more Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses and identification of viruses that they carry is important. This study aimed to use high throughput screening to identify the viruses in fecal guano of Taiwanese insectivorous bats caves in order to obtain more information on bat-derived pathogenic viruses in East Asia. Guano samples were collected from two caves in Taiwan, pooled, and then subjected to Multiplex PCR-based next generation sequencing for viral identification. Subsequently, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) sequence was detected and confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. EMCV is considered as rodent virus and thus, animal species identification through cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding was further done to identify the viral source. Finally, determination of distribution and verification of the presence of EMCV in guano obtained from Japanese and South Korean caves was also done. We concluded that the guano collected was not contaminated with the excrement of rodents which were reported and presumed to live in Taiwan. Also, EMCV genome fragments were found in guanos of Japanese and South Korean caves. It is possible that the eastern bent-wing bat (Miniopterus fuliginosus) is one of the natural hosts of EMCV in East Asia.
A practical method of disposing sharps in India. ... There are no files associated with this item... more A practical method of disposing sharps in India. ... There are no files associated with this item. ... Items in Index Medicus for South-East Asia are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. ... Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region ( ...
International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2013
Mutation testing is a fault-based testing technique that can be used for testing software at unit... more Mutation testing is a fault-based testing technique that can be used for testing software at unit level, integration level and specification level. In addition to assessing the test data adequacy, mutation testing has also been used to support other testing activities such as test data generation, regression testing etc. Several works has been done on automatic generation of test data that can be effectively kill mutants. Constraint-based test data generation (CBT) is one of the automatic test data generation techniques using mutation testing, however, existing approaches of test case generation generally generate test data by killing one mutant at one time. Thus, more test cases are needed for achieving a given mutation score. In this paper, an approach is proposed by filtering the test data according to necessity condition and reachability condition by killing multiple mutants, mutated at the different location at one time and filtered test data also achieved same or approximate same mutation score. In proposed approach, some test data is filtered out of large test data that is sufficient to kill multiple mutants, located at different location. So this approach reduces the testing cost and time.
2011 3rd International Conference on Electronics Computer Technology, 2011
Abstract The object-oriented paradigm is fast growing acceptance in the software industry. But, t... more Abstract The object-oriented paradigm is fast growing acceptance in the software industry. But, the powerful features of this new paradigm also introduce a set of Object Oriented software testing and maintenance problems. This problem can be handled by various ...
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2011
This paper presents an analytical review of approaches used by different authors. Coverage inform... more This paper presents an analytical review of approaches used by different authors. Coverage information is very important for finding redundancy in test cases. Test redundancy detection reduces the costs of testing and maintenance of software. A redundant test case is a useless part of test suite and it increases the testing cost and test suite size. There are a lot of works that proposed different approaches for test case redundancy detection. Some effective approaches have analysed and this study is very useful for future work in this direction. Some important factors like false positive error, fault detection effectiveness etc. have discussed.
In 1995 large sharps containers were introduced, accompanied by an intensive education programme.... more In 1995 large sharps containers were introduced, accompanied by an intensive education programme. Details of documented injuries from 1993 to 1999 were analysed using the Epi-Info software. A total of 347 injuries occurred, mainly due to improper disposal of needles, recapping and carelessness during use. The percentage of injuries attributed to disposal fell from 69.2% in 1995 to 38.5% in 1996 (after the education programme). A further decrease was noted after the additional introduction of small sharps containers. In 1995, 73% of injuries involved housekeeping staff, this fell to 12% in 1998. Relatively simple interventions decreased the numbers of injuries, and we recommend that all healthcare institutions should have a system of documenting needlestick injuries, and take measures to decrease their incidence.
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Papers by Rishi Mishra