2014-2015 Lime and Nutrient Recommendations T he recommendations found in this publication are a ... more 2014-2015 Lime and Nutrient Recommendations T he recommendations found in this publication are a result of a biennial review of soil fertility research and soil test data collected in Kentucky. The committee is made up of members of the Plant and Soil Science, Horticulture, and Agricultural Economics Departments. The co-chairs of the committee and editors of this publication are Drs. Lloyd Murdock and Edwin Ritchey, Extension Soil Specialists. Table 1. Soil drainage classes.
A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator–prey population dynamics and i... more A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator–prey population dynamics and impact the structure of these communities. Central to understanding the interplay between predator and prey populations and their importance is characterizing the corresponding trophic interactions. Here, we use a well‐documented molecular approach to examine the structure of the community of natural enemies preying upon the squash bug, Anasa tristis, a herbivorous cucurbit pest that severely hinders organic squash and pumpkin production in the United States. Primer pairs were designed to examine the effects of organic management practices on the strength of these trophic connections and link this metric to measures of the arthropod predator complex density and diversity within an experimental open‐field context. Replicated plots of butternut squash were randomly assigned to three treatments and were sampled throughout a growing season. Row‐cover treatments had significant negative effect...
' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike othe... more ' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike other broccoli, it continues to produce side shoots well into warm weather, extending the normal harvest season. However, increased insect pressure may occur later in the season.
' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike othe... more ' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike other broccoli, it continues to produce side shoots well into warm weather, extending the normal harvest season. However, increased insect pressure may occur later in the season.
Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact... more Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional ...
Créditos de las Fotografías La mayoría de las imágenes de este manual pertenecen a las coleccione... more Créditos de las Fotografías La mayoría de las imágenes de este manual pertenecen a las colecciones personales del equipo de MIP en Vegetales de la Universidad de Kentucky. Sin embargo, el algunos casos, las imágenes usadas fueron de fuentes externas. Créditos de esas imágenes son listados a continuación y se enumeran como sigue: propietario, afiliación, y número de imagen.
Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product or firm in text or figures does not consti... more Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product or firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms.
Depuis 1992, une equipe de techniciens enseigne les principes de la Protection integree aux arbor... more Depuis 1992, une equipe de techniciens enseigne les principes de la Protection integree aux arboriculteurs du Kentucky : comment inspecter les vergers et prendre les decisions adequates pour lutter contre les maladies du pommier. Elle dirige des ateliers, organise des demonstrations sur le terrain et dispense aupres des arboriculteurs concernes une instruction pratique individuelle. Pour la maitrise de la Tavelure du pommier (Venturia inaequalis), les courbes de Mills elaborees par deux instruments de mesure ont ete testees : Envirocaster et Metos, tous deux utilisables. Ue « systeme de traitements curatifs planifie de la Tavelure », a egalement ete essaye et est interessant dans certains cas. Contre le Feu bacterien (Erwinia amylovora), c'est le programme informatique Maryblyt qui a ete teste avec succes. Pour maitriser la Maladie des crottes de mouche et la Maladie de la suie, un modele pratique est en train d'etre developpe. Il est base sur la correlation entre le cumul d...
is an often misunderstood but extremely valuable insect pest management tool used in both organic... more is an often misunderstood but extremely valuable insect pest management tool used in both organic and conventional vegetable crop production systems. Control failures and disappointments occur, however, when Bt’s unique mode of action is poorly understood and/or the commercial product is misused or improperly applied. IPM educators need to provide a basic understanding of Bt and its use as a component of best management practices for vegetable crops, especially for cole crops (Brassicaceae). This publication provides the most important information needed regarding Bt and its use in vegetable crops. It is intended for use by IPM trainers, Extension workers, and crop advisors in their farmer education programs. (ID-156A, Growers’ Guide to Bt, is available for farmers.)
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance.
To facilitate a better understanding of how varietal resistance and predation affect area-wide su... more To facilitate a better understanding of how varietal resistance and predation affect area-wide sugarcane borer populations, several studies were undertaken before the development of a simulation model. The first study was a 3year investigation into the compatibility and contributions of varietal resistance, arthropod predation and insecticide toward sugarcane borer control. Insecticides were shown to be the predominant management factor preventing plant injury, but varietal resistance appeared nearly as important in terms of sugarcane borer • population regulation in sugarcane. The next study assessed a moth production index in addition to the percentage of bored internodes as a tool for quantifying varietal resistance to the sugarcane borer. Resistance ratings based on the percentage of bored internodes were proven to be inadequate estimators of moth emergence due to differences in sugarcane borer survival after entry into the stalk. The third study investigated the fecundity of th...
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance.
For insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reprodu... more For insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reproduction and abundance. We tested if provision of food supplements to overwintering adult Hippodamia convergens (Guerin) increased energy reserves, winter survival, and spring reproduction. During 2015–2016, H. convergens adults were placed in field cages in December; adults in each cage received water, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, bee pollen, wheast protein, sugar, honey, or no food (control). In 2016–2017, treatments were reduced to sugar, bee pollen, A. pisum with E. kuehniella eggs, and no food (control). Adults were sampled to quantify weight, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. In 2015–2016, A. pisum and E. kuehniella eggs increased adult weight and protein content, but adult carbohydrate content was reduced by A. pisum and wheast protein treatments. Adults receiving honey and sugar supplementati...
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance. Cover photo: The blossom blight phase of fire blight is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. T he National Integrated Pest Management Network defines IPM as " a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological , cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks. " One of the key components of IPM is to continually scout and monitor crops to identify problems before they result in significant economic losses. Proper identification of pathogens and insect pests as well as nutritional and physiologic disorders and even he...
Four different netting types were evaluated in the field for excluding Japanese beetles and green... more Four different netting types were evaluated in the field for excluding Japanese beetles and green June beetles from `Dirksen' thornless blackberry plants. These nets were bird net, crop net, rack mesh, and Agryl P17. Observations were made in an unreplicated trial on `Reliance' grapes using OV3018 and OV7100 nets in addition to those listed. Plants were not sprayed with insecticides or fungicides after net application. Rack mesh appears to be the best net of those evaluated during a dry season for excluding Japanese beetles and green June beetles on thornless blackberries and grapes. Plants covered with rack mesh had minimal fruit and foliage damage due to insects and fruit rot. The use of rack mesh eliminated the need for insecticide sprays for 53 days on thornless blackberries and 41 days on grapes. Light intensity was reduced by the netting, but did not reduce (hornless blackberry yield or soluble solids; however it did unacceptably reduce `Reliance' grape fruit color...
2014-2015 Lime and Nutrient Recommendations T he recommendations found in this publication are a ... more 2014-2015 Lime and Nutrient Recommendations T he recommendations found in this publication are a result of a biennial review of soil fertility research and soil test data collected in Kentucky. The committee is made up of members of the Plant and Soil Science, Horticulture, and Agricultural Economics Departments. The co-chairs of the committee and editors of this publication are Drs. Lloyd Murdock and Edwin Ritchey, Extension Soil Specialists. Table 1. Soil drainage classes.
A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator–prey population dynamics and i... more A broad range of environmental conditions likely regulate predator–prey population dynamics and impact the structure of these communities. Central to understanding the interplay between predator and prey populations and their importance is characterizing the corresponding trophic interactions. Here, we use a well‐documented molecular approach to examine the structure of the community of natural enemies preying upon the squash bug, Anasa tristis, a herbivorous cucurbit pest that severely hinders organic squash and pumpkin production in the United States. Primer pairs were designed to examine the effects of organic management practices on the strength of these trophic connections and link this metric to measures of the arthropod predator complex density and diversity within an experimental open‐field context. Replicated plots of butternut squash were randomly assigned to three treatments and were sampled throughout a growing season. Row‐cover treatments had significant negative effect...
' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike othe... more ' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike other broccoli, it continues to produce side shoots well into warm weather, extending the normal harvest season. However, increased insect pressure may occur later in the season.
' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike othe... more ' is a green-stemmed broccoli that produces crowns about 55 days after transplanting. Unlike other broccoli, it continues to produce side shoots well into warm weather, extending the normal harvest season. However, increased insect pressure may occur later in the season.
Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact... more Concerns about global pollinator declines have placed a growing focus on understanding the impact of agriculture practices on valuable native pollinators in these systems. Cultivation practices such as tillage disturb agroecosystems and can have negative impacts on ground-nesting pollinators. The squash bee, Peponapis pruinosa (Say), is a ground-nesting specialist pollinator of Cucurbita (Cucurbitaceae) crops (i.e., pumpkins and squash) that often nests in agricultural fields and thus may be vulnerable to these practices. We investigated the impact of tillage on nesting behavior of P. pruinosa in plasticulture and strip-tilled squash systems. We used choice experiments to test nesting substrate preference and nesting success of caged P. pruinosa in two soil tillage systems: strip tillage and plasticulture. The strip tillage system comprised two tillage zones (strip-tilled row with no-till edges), and the plasticulture system comprised two tillage zones (plastic bed and conventional ...
Créditos de las Fotografías La mayoría de las imágenes de este manual pertenecen a las coleccione... more Créditos de las Fotografías La mayoría de las imágenes de este manual pertenecen a las colecciones personales del equipo de MIP en Vegetales de la Universidad de Kentucky. Sin embargo, el algunos casos, las imágenes usadas fueron de fuentes externas. Créditos de esas imágenes son listados a continuación y se enumeran como sigue: propietario, afiliación, y número de imagen.
Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product or firm in text or figures does not consti... more Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product or firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms.
Depuis 1992, une equipe de techniciens enseigne les principes de la Protection integree aux arbor... more Depuis 1992, une equipe de techniciens enseigne les principes de la Protection integree aux arboriculteurs du Kentucky : comment inspecter les vergers et prendre les decisions adequates pour lutter contre les maladies du pommier. Elle dirige des ateliers, organise des demonstrations sur le terrain et dispense aupres des arboriculteurs concernes une instruction pratique individuelle. Pour la maitrise de la Tavelure du pommier (Venturia inaequalis), les courbes de Mills elaborees par deux instruments de mesure ont ete testees : Envirocaster et Metos, tous deux utilisables. Ue « systeme de traitements curatifs planifie de la Tavelure », a egalement ete essaye et est interessant dans certains cas. Contre le Feu bacterien (Erwinia amylovora), c'est le programme informatique Maryblyt qui a ete teste avec succes. Pour maitriser la Maladie des crottes de mouche et la Maladie de la suie, un modele pratique est en train d'etre developpe. Il est base sur la correlation entre le cumul d...
is an often misunderstood but extremely valuable insect pest management tool used in both organic... more is an often misunderstood but extremely valuable insect pest management tool used in both organic and conventional vegetable crop production systems. Control failures and disappointments occur, however, when Bt’s unique mode of action is poorly understood and/or the commercial product is misused or improperly applied. IPM educators need to provide a basic understanding of Bt and its use as a component of best management practices for vegetable crops, especially for cole crops (Brassicaceae). This publication provides the most important information needed regarding Bt and its use in vegetable crops. It is intended for use by IPM trainers, Extension workers, and crop advisors in their farmer education programs. (ID-156A, Growers’ Guide to Bt, is available for farmers.)
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance.
To facilitate a better understanding of how varietal resistance and predation affect area-wide su... more To facilitate a better understanding of how varietal resistance and predation affect area-wide sugarcane borer populations, several studies were undertaken before the development of a simulation model. The first study was a 3year investigation into the compatibility and contributions of varietal resistance, arthropod predation and insecticide toward sugarcane borer control. Insecticides were shown to be the predominant management factor preventing plant injury, but varietal resistance appeared nearly as important in terms of sugarcane borer • population regulation in sugarcane. The next study assessed a moth production index in addition to the percentage of bored internodes as a tool for quantifying varietal resistance to the sugarcane borer. Resistance ratings based on the percentage of bored internodes were proven to be inadequate estimators of moth emergence due to differences in sugarcane borer survival after entry into the stalk. The third study investigated the fecundity of th...
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance.
For insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reprodu... more For insects that overwinter as adults, winter food resources may affect subsequent spring reproduction and abundance. We tested if provision of food supplements to overwintering adult Hippodamia convergens (Guerin) increased energy reserves, winter survival, and spring reproduction. During 2015–2016, H. convergens adults were placed in field cages in December; adults in each cage received water, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) eggs, bee pollen, wheast protein, sugar, honey, or no food (control). In 2016–2017, treatments were reduced to sugar, bee pollen, A. pisum with E. kuehniella eggs, and no food (control). Adults were sampled to quantify weight, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. In 2015–2016, A. pisum and E. kuehniella eggs increased adult weight and protein content, but adult carbohydrate content was reduced by A. pisum and wheast protein treatments. Adults receiving honey and sugar supplementati...
Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor ... more Trade names are used to simplify information in this publication. No endorsement is intended nor is criticism implied of similar products that are not named. This guide is for reference only; the most recent product label is the final authority concerning application rates, precautions, harvest intervals, and other relevant information. Contact your county agent if you need assistance. Cover photo: The blossom blight phase of fire blight is caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. T he National Integrated Pest Management Network defines IPM as " a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological , cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health, and environmental risks. " One of the key components of IPM is to continually scout and monitor crops to identify problems before they result in significant economic losses. Proper identification of pathogens and insect pests as well as nutritional and physiologic disorders and even he...
Four different netting types were evaluated in the field for excluding Japanese beetles and green... more Four different netting types were evaluated in the field for excluding Japanese beetles and green June beetles from `Dirksen' thornless blackberry plants. These nets were bird net, crop net, rack mesh, and Agryl P17. Observations were made in an unreplicated trial on `Reliance' grapes using OV3018 and OV7100 nets in addition to those listed. Plants were not sprayed with insecticides or fungicides after net application. Rack mesh appears to be the best net of those evaluated during a dry season for excluding Japanese beetles and green June beetles on thornless blackberries and grapes. Plants covered with rack mesh had minimal fruit and foliage damage due to insects and fruit rot. The use of rack mesh eliminated the need for insecticide sprays for 53 days on thornless blackberries and 41 days on grapes. Light intensity was reduced by the netting, but did not reduce (hornless blackberry yield or soluble solids; however it did unacceptably reduce `Reliance' grape fruit color...
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