The objective of this article was to study the effect of geographical features and geological for... more The objective of this article was to study the effect of geographical features and geological formations on some physicochemical properties of soils in order to better identify the soil and optimize land management for sustainable agriculture in the southern part of the plain. Urmia, with an area of 35000 (ha) in the province of Western Azarbaijan, Iran. In this investigation, satellite images, aerial photographs, topographic and geological maps were used to identify and distinguish different land forms, soil series classified based on geomorphological and geophysical methods. 30 soil profiles were drilled and the FAO standard dimensions were described. Samples were taken from five soil profiles in each genetic horizon and transferred to the laboratory. The soil moisture and temperature regime was determined as Xeric and Mesic. The soils of the studied area were classified as Fluventic Inceptisols and grid subgroups. The most dominant formations in the Barandoz and Ghasemlou river basins were limestone and lime, which is one of the determining factors in rock formation in different soils in the study area. On the other hand, physiography and topography have also played an important role, so that the upper terraces have more developed soils and some sloping regions have younger and less developed soils. With the decrease in height and proximity to Lake Urmia, the effect of the groundwater level and its salinity on the profiles is evident. Meanwhile, the river bank has young and uncovered soils due to the sediments of the current era.
American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2012
Plot scale studies are widely used to determine runoff and soil erosion model's basic data. In or... more Plot scale studies are widely used to determine runoff and soil erosion model's basic data. In order to study the effect of plot size on runoff volume per unit area, plots with seven sizes differing in
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2015
Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan f... more Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan for water and soil resources management is so important. Regarding to somewhere that doesn't have enough information and statistical data such as upper river branches, Empirical models should be used to estimate erosion and sediment yield. However the efficiency and usage of these models before calibration isn't clear. In this research, the measurement of erosion and sediment yield of 10 basins upstream of reservoirshas been estimated by RUSLE and MPSIAC empirical models.In order to compare means between measured and estimated datat-test method was applied.Theresults indicated no significant differences between means of measured and estimated sediment yield in MPSAIC model in 5% level. In contrast, T-test showed contrary results in RUSLE model. Then the applicability and priority of two models were examined by statistical methodssuch as MAE and MBE methods. By regarding to accuracy and precision, MPSIAC model placed in first priorityto estimate soil erosion and sediment yield and has minimum value of MAE=0.79 and MBE =-0.59.
Planning and suitable management is necessary for optimal use of soil and for this; spatial varia... more Planning and suitable management is necessary for optimal use of soil and for this; spatial variability of soil characteristics is important which may be edcarried out through geostatistical methods of parametric and non-parametric predictors such as TPSS, WMA, Kriging and Co-kriging. This research work was done in Southern part of Uromieh plain with 36690 ha surface area in order to study the spatial variability of soil lime, sand and saturation moisture percentage. Distance between soil profiles ranged 1300 to 4700 meters. For estimation and prediction of them in non-sampled points, the Kriging, Co-kriging and Weighted Moving Average were used in Geographic Information System environment. For selecting suitable interpolation method, Cross validation and MAE and MBE parameters were used. Selected method was also used for estimating and mapping of the selected soil characteristics. The Sturges rule was used for defining map classification. Results showed that the Kriging method has the highest accuracy with correlation coefficient of 0.83 and error of 3.98 percent for prediction of soil characteristics in non-sampled points.
This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphoru... more This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and organic matter using different methods of Geostatistics and Geostatistical method combined with Fuzzy logic to estimate the values of this element to provide a spatial distribution map for the proper distribution of fertilizer in the plain of Uremia. Spatial variations in soil nutrients are natural but knowing these changes for careful planning and management particularly in the agricultural lands is simply inevitable. This information is necessary to increase the profitability and sustainable agricultural management. Therefore, to estimate the changes in the elements of places not sampled, the Kriging, Fuzzy Kriging, Cokriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods have been used in GS +. In this study, Matlab 9.1 software was used to fuzzification of the data and GIS was used for the final mapping. The parameters MAE, MBE and RMSE were used to compare these methods. The results showed that the combined method of Fuzzy Geostatistic with the mean absolute error values for the elements phosphorus, potassium and organic matter i.e. 0.17, 0.18 and 0.18, respectively, is recognized as the preferred method based on which zoning maps have been prepared for P, K and OC in GIS.
... Estimate Monthly and Annual Temperature MH Mahdian, S. Rahimi Bandarabady, R. Sokouti and Y. ... more ... Estimate Monthly and Annual Temperature MH Mahdian, S. Rahimi Bandarabady, R. Sokouti and Y. Norouzi Banis Soil ... Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hossein Mahdian, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, PO Box 13445-1136, Tehran, Iran ...
Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be ... more Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.
Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be ... more Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.
Grupi and Kashkan marl formations comprise a considerable part of Zagros region. These formations... more Grupi and Kashkan marl formations comprise a considerable part of Zagros region. These formations have a considerable erodibility and sedimentation potential because of their special geological and mineralogical characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the erosion and sediment yield of Kashkan and Grupi formations in Merk watershed located in southeast Kermanshah, using the Modified Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee model. This model is suitable for estimating erosion and sediment intensity within each geomorphologic unit comprising nine effective environmental factors as geological, pedological, climate, runoff, topography, landcover, land use, surface and river erosion factors. The results indicated that Kashkan formation comprise siltstone, sandstone, shale and conglomerate, and Grupi formation contains shale, clay and limestone with a high erodibility potential. Field measurements and soil samples analysis for effective factors releaved that sediment yield for Merek watershed was 18080.6 m 3 /ha/y. Fortermore, field measurement and soil sampls analysis for effective factors releaved that sediment yields for Kashkan and Gurpi were 7243.3 and 10837.5 m 3 / ha/y, respectively. The reasons for erosion intensity and sedimentation in the two mentioned formations are slope, vegetation and land use in addition to the type of rocks in Kashkan and Gurpi formations which are predominantly marl and shale.
Abstract (English) Due to lack of design criteria about flood spreading projects, and constructio... more Abstract (English) Due to lack of design criteria about flood spreading projects, and construction of several projects by research centers and executive administrations in recent years, execution of research projects about design discharge and volume of necessary ...
International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 2012
Floodwater spreading plan in arid and semiarid area were constructed with different objectives su... more Floodwater spreading plan in arid and semiarid area were constructed with different objectives such as sustain fertility and vegetation recovery. Sedimentation of suspended particles in coarse textured land can be a major problem. By regarding to quality and quantity of floods and salt accumulation, it leads to some differences in soil properties like salinity and alkalinity. So, to find out the suitable methods to inhibit of soil degradation, it is needed to study physico-chemical characteristics of floodwater spreading mechanisms. In this research, the impacts of floodwater spreading studied in Poldasht floodwater spreading station, Iran. A grid sampling method was used in this research. There were selected 63 points within the Poldasht floodwater spreading system. Soil sampling was carried out, are, EC, SAR and soluble cations and anions such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na +, So4 2, Cl – and HCO3 were measured between three strips which is flooded. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the abnormally distributed data. The results showed there are significant differences in some chemical soil properties over three strips. In comparison between 3 strips some parameters such as EC, soluble Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na +, So4 2 were increased in first strip, whereas SAR has no significant difference.
This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphoru... more This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and organic matter using different methods of Geostatistics and Geostatistical method combined with Fuzzy logic to estimate the values of this element to provide a spatial distribution map for the proper distribution of fertilizer in the plain of Uremia. Spatial variations in soil nutrients are natural but knowing these changes for careful planning and management particularly in the agricultural lands is simply inevitable. This information is necessary to increase the profitability and sustainable agricultural management. Therefore, to estimate the changes in the elements of places not sampled, the Kriging, Fuzzy Kriging, Cokriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods have been used in GS +. In this study, Matlab 9.1 software was used to fuzzification of the data and GIS was used for the final mapping. The parameters MAE, MBE and RMSE were used to compare these methods. The results showed that the combined method of Fuzzy Geostatistic with the mean absolute error values for the elements phosphorus, potassium and organic matter i.e. 0.17, 0.18 and 0.18, respectively, is recognized as the preferred method based on which zoning maps have been prepared for P, K and OC in GIS.
The objective of this article was to study the effect of geographical features and geological for... more The objective of this article was to study the effect of geographical features and geological formations on some physicochemical properties of soils in order to better identify the soil and optimize land management for sustainable agriculture in the southern part of the plain. Urmia, with an area of 35000 (ha) in the province of Western Azarbaijan, Iran. In this investigation, satellite images, aerial photographs, topographic and geological maps were used to identify and distinguish different land forms, soil series classified based on geomorphological and geophysical methods. 30 soil profiles were drilled and the FAO standard dimensions were described. Samples were taken from five soil profiles in each genetic horizon and transferred to the laboratory. The soil moisture and temperature regime was determined as Xeric and Mesic. The soils of the studied area were classified as Fluventic Inceptisols and grid subgroups. The most dominant formations in the Barandoz and Ghasemlou river basins were limestone and lime, which is one of the determining factors in rock formation in different soils in the study area. On the other hand, physiography and topography have also played an important role, so that the upper terraces have more developed soils and some sloping regions have younger and less developed soils. With the decrease in height and proximity to Lake Urmia, the effect of the groundwater level and its salinity on the profiles is evident. Meanwhile, the river bank has young and uncovered soils due to the sediments of the current era.
American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science, 2012
Plot scale studies are widely used to determine runoff and soil erosion model's basic data. In or... more Plot scale studies are widely used to determine runoff and soil erosion model's basic data. In order to study the effect of plot size on runoff volume per unit area, plots with seven sizes differing in
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), May 1, 2015
Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan f... more Assessment of sediment yield in soil conservation and watershed Project and implementation plan for water and soil resources management is so important. Regarding to somewhere that doesn't have enough information and statistical data such as upper river branches, Empirical models should be used to estimate erosion and sediment yield. However the efficiency and usage of these models before calibration isn't clear. In this research, the measurement of erosion and sediment yield of 10 basins upstream of reservoirshas been estimated by RUSLE and MPSIAC empirical models.In order to compare means between measured and estimated datat-test method was applied.Theresults indicated no significant differences between means of measured and estimated sediment yield in MPSAIC model in 5% level. In contrast, T-test showed contrary results in RUSLE model. Then the applicability and priority of two models were examined by statistical methodssuch as MAE and MBE methods. By regarding to accuracy and precision, MPSIAC model placed in first priorityto estimate soil erosion and sediment yield and has minimum value of MAE=0.79 and MBE =-0.59.
Planning and suitable management is necessary for optimal use of soil and for this; spatial varia... more Planning and suitable management is necessary for optimal use of soil and for this; spatial variability of soil characteristics is important which may be edcarried out through geostatistical methods of parametric and non-parametric predictors such as TPSS, WMA, Kriging and Co-kriging. This research work was done in Southern part of Uromieh plain with 36690 ha surface area in order to study the spatial variability of soil lime, sand and saturation moisture percentage. Distance between soil profiles ranged 1300 to 4700 meters. For estimation and prediction of them in non-sampled points, the Kriging, Co-kriging and Weighted Moving Average were used in Geographic Information System environment. For selecting suitable interpolation method, Cross validation and MAE and MBE parameters were used. Selected method was also used for estimating and mapping of the selected soil characteristics. The Sturges rule was used for defining map classification. Results showed that the Kriging method has the highest accuracy with correlation coefficient of 0.83 and error of 3.98 percent for prediction of soil characteristics in non-sampled points.
This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphoru... more This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and organic matter using different methods of Geostatistics and Geostatistical method combined with Fuzzy logic to estimate the values of this element to provide a spatial distribution map for the proper distribution of fertilizer in the plain of Uremia. Spatial variations in soil nutrients are natural but knowing these changes for careful planning and management particularly in the agricultural lands is simply inevitable. This information is necessary to increase the profitability and sustainable agricultural management. Therefore, to estimate the changes in the elements of places not sampled, the Kriging, Fuzzy Kriging, Cokriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods have been used in GS +. In this study, Matlab 9.1 software was used to fuzzification of the data and GIS was used for the final mapping. The parameters MAE, MBE and RMSE were used to compare these methods. The results showed that the combined method of Fuzzy Geostatistic with the mean absolute error values for the elements phosphorus, potassium and organic matter i.e. 0.17, 0.18 and 0.18, respectively, is recognized as the preferred method based on which zoning maps have been prepared for P, K and OC in GIS.
... Estimate Monthly and Annual Temperature MH Mahdian, S. Rahimi Bandarabady, R. Sokouti and Y. ... more ... Estimate Monthly and Annual Temperature MH Mahdian, S. Rahimi Bandarabady, R. Sokouti and Y. Norouzi Banis Soil ... Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hossein Mahdian, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, PO Box 13445-1136, Tehran, Iran ...
Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be ... more Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.
Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be ... more Different soils with various properties and sometimes with different types of limitations can be formed which is necessary to investigate the conditions of soil formation and evolution for their optimal use. In this study, we studied the relationship between soil, topography in terms of slope and elevation, and parent material with the land morphology and physical and chemical properties of soil, how the soil formed and evolved. From 19 control soil profiles, 57 soil samples were obtained from three layers and some soil characteristics including Acidity, Salinity, Gypsum, Lime, Texture and Organic matter were measured. Using NEWHALL software, the soil temperature and moisture regime was determined. To study the conditions of topography, the digital elevation map and slope was prepared, the characteristics of geological formations were determined and based on the Gower index and Jacquard index, the relationship between soil evolution factors with topography and parent materials were studied. The diversity of soils classification was studied using richness, uniformity of Shannon and Simpson indices. Based on the results obtained from Gower and jacquard similarity indices, the effect of topography and parent materials on soil diversity was proved. Soil diversity indices showed an increasing trend from the soil order level to the soil family. The increase in the Richness index was higher at the soil family level, so that the highest soil diversity observed at the soil family level. Also, soil diversity is mainly affected by intrinsic factors and to some extent by environmental factors. Soil profile development is mostly influenced by slope, parent materials and in some areas by groundwater level.
Grupi and Kashkan marl formations comprise a considerable part of Zagros region. These formations... more Grupi and Kashkan marl formations comprise a considerable part of Zagros region. These formations have a considerable erodibility and sedimentation potential because of their special geological and mineralogical characteristics. The objective of this study was to compare the erosion and sediment yield of Kashkan and Grupi formations in Merk watershed located in southeast Kermanshah, using the Modified Pacific Southwest Inter-Agency Committee model. This model is suitable for estimating erosion and sediment intensity within each geomorphologic unit comprising nine effective environmental factors as geological, pedological, climate, runoff, topography, landcover, land use, surface and river erosion factors. The results indicated that Kashkan formation comprise siltstone, sandstone, shale and conglomerate, and Grupi formation contains shale, clay and limestone with a high erodibility potential. Field measurements and soil samples analysis for effective factors releaved that sediment yield for Merek watershed was 18080.6 m 3 /ha/y. Fortermore, field measurement and soil sampls analysis for effective factors releaved that sediment yields for Kashkan and Gurpi were 7243.3 and 10837.5 m 3 / ha/y, respectively. The reasons for erosion intensity and sedimentation in the two mentioned formations are slope, vegetation and land use in addition to the type of rocks in Kashkan and Gurpi formations which are predominantly marl and shale.
Abstract (English) Due to lack of design criteria about flood spreading projects, and constructio... more Abstract (English) Due to lack of design criteria about flood spreading projects, and construction of several projects by research centers and executive administrations in recent years, execution of research projects about design discharge and volume of necessary ...
International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 2012
Floodwater spreading plan in arid and semiarid area were constructed with different objectives su... more Floodwater spreading plan in arid and semiarid area were constructed with different objectives such as sustain fertility and vegetation recovery. Sedimentation of suspended particles in coarse textured land can be a major problem. By regarding to quality and quantity of floods and salt accumulation, it leads to some differences in soil properties like salinity and alkalinity. So, to find out the suitable methods to inhibit of soil degradation, it is needed to study physico-chemical characteristics of floodwater spreading mechanisms. In this research, the impacts of floodwater spreading studied in Poldasht floodwater spreading station, Iran. A grid sampling method was used in this research. There were selected 63 points within the Poldasht floodwater spreading system. Soil sampling was carried out, are, EC, SAR and soluble cations and anions such as Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na +, So4 2, Cl – and HCO3 were measured between three strips which is flooded. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the abnormally distributed data. The results showed there are significant differences in some chemical soil properties over three strips. In comparison between 3 strips some parameters such as EC, soluble Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na +, So4 2 were increased in first strip, whereas SAR has no significant difference.
This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphoru... more This study is aimed to investigate the spatial variation of soil macronutrients such as phosphorus, potassium and organic matter using different methods of Geostatistics and Geostatistical method combined with Fuzzy logic to estimate the values of this element to provide a spatial distribution map for the proper distribution of fertilizer in the plain of Uremia. Spatial variations in soil nutrients are natural but knowing these changes for careful planning and management particularly in the agricultural lands is simply inevitable. This information is necessary to increase the profitability and sustainable agricultural management. Therefore, to estimate the changes in the elements of places not sampled, the Kriging, Fuzzy Kriging, Cokriging and Inverse Distance Weighting methods have been used in GS +. In this study, Matlab 9.1 software was used to fuzzification of the data and GIS was used for the final mapping. The parameters MAE, MBE and RMSE were used to compare these methods. The results showed that the combined method of Fuzzy Geostatistic with the mean absolute error values for the elements phosphorus, potassium and organic matter i.e. 0.17, 0.18 and 0.18, respectively, is recognized as the preferred method based on which zoning maps have been prepared for P, K and OC in GIS.
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