Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam ... more Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam sediaan obat tradisional dengan indikasi meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Diduga terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara aktivitas antioksidan dan respon imun, terutama respon imun humoral yang diperantarai oleh aktivitas makrofag. Pembuatan ekstrak kering sebagai bahan baku sediaan obat tradisional berpotensi menimbulkan adanya perubahan aktivitas ekstrak dikarenakan adanya pemanasan pada prosesnya. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini diuji aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kering meniran dengan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 0,79 ± 0,06 % EK, memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan IC50 sebesar 74,28 µg/mL. Proses pengeringan dan penambahan bahan pengisi pada ekstrak dapat berpengaruh pada aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH.
Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid, is the active compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma species... more Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid, is the active compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma species. Curcumin can modulate mechanisms in inflammatory-related immunomodulatory. The two methoxy groups in aromatic rings in the structure of curcumin play a role in the anti-inflammatory. Macrophages are crucial cellular components of innate immunity. For this reason, this review aims to assess the role of curcumin and its derivatives in the innate immune response of macrophage cells. Curcumin as anti-inflammatory releases inflammation mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and others. Curcumin regulates innate immune via NLRP3 inflammasomes, nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Janus kinase1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription protein1 signaling pathway. However, curcumin has limited clinical application, especially solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, a structure and formula modification of curcumin was developed. ...
Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furtherm... more Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disease have unpleasant effects, and this necessitates the need to continuously investigate hepatoprotective agents. This study investigates animal models of alcoholic liver disease used to evaluate hepatoprotective activity. Content: A good number of published articles evaluating hepatoprotective activity were summarized. The studies used three ethanol-induced liver injury models: the acute ethanol-induced liver injury model, the chronic ethanol-induced liver injury model, and Lieber– DeCarli model. Summary: Wistar rats were primarily used in the ethanol-induced liver injury model. High levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histopathological alterations were found in all animal models (acute ethanol-induced liver injury, chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, and Lieber–DeCarli models). Severe steatosis was shown in b...
Osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia are prevalent condition in menopausal women. The common the... more Osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia are prevalent condition in menopausal women. The common therapy to prevent the estrogen degrading condition is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). However, HRT possessed various risks. Curcubita pepo L. seed (pumpkin seed) contains lignan secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol which exhibit estrogenic effect. The aim of this study is to determine the estrogenic effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pumpkin Seeds (EEPS) through in silico and in vivo study. In silico study were conducted by molecular docking of lignan which is secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol with Estrogen Receptor (ERα and Erβ). In vivo study conducted by using ovariectomized Sprague dawley female rats as a model of postmenopausal women. Blood lipid profile, bone density, and uterine weight were assayed after thirty days. Molecular docking score of secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol were similar to estradiol. In vivo study found that EEPS increase bone density and uterine weigh...
Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) has been reported to ha... more Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) has been reported to have various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk reduction, health supplement, and melanoma cell inhibitory. The red thick peel of this fruit is just practically a waste that is possibly utilized to maintain health, therefore this research aimed to isolate and identify active compounds of H. Polyrhizus peels which can improve the immune system of body. In order to simplify methanol extract was partition and fractionation. The active compounds of petroleum ether fraction were separated and purified using preparative thin layer chromatography. The identification of the compounds structure was conducted through spectroscopic techniques, including UV, FT-IR, 13CNMR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The data of spectra revealed that the isolate is lupeol. The statistical analysis of macrophage activity showed that the isolate...
Indonesia memiliki sekitar 200 jenis bajakah; 4 di antaranya yaitu bajakah tampala (Spatholobus l... more Indonesia memiliki sekitar 200 jenis bajakah; 4 di antaranya yaitu bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.), kalalawit (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.), bajakah jari lima (Schefflera petiolosa (Miq.) Harms), dan longkur (Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Benth.) yang telah digunakan oleh suku Dayak untuk pengobatan kanker payudara. Studi ini menguji sitotoksisitas antikanker payudara ekstrak akar dari keempat bajakah di atas. Ekstraksi menggunakan sample grinding pestle dengan pelarut air, air panas, etanol 96%, dan n-heksan. Uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap sel T47D dengan pembanding tamoksifen. Nilai IC50 dari uji sitotoksik ekstrak etanol, air panas, air, dan n-heksan berturut-turut: 1136; 1871,5; 2294,25; dan 3975,5 µg/mL (R2 = 0,962; 0,943; 0,943; dan 0,956), tamoksifen 9 µg/mL (R2 = 0,9581). Ekstrak etanol bajakah merupakan yang paling toksik dibanding lainnya. Sehingga untuk perbaikan nilai IC50 dilakukan ekstraksi reflux menggunakan...
Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Pi... more Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and ...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2017
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but has side effect, causing DNA d... more Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but has side effect, causing DNA damage (genotoxic). Papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) is known has flavonoid compound, quercetin. Quercetin is known has DNA protecting effect (antigenotoxic effect) by metabolism modulation. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the antigenotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf (EEPL) on CPA induced mice. The antigenotoxic effect was evaluated by mammalian in vivo micronucleus test. EEPL was orally administered as single treatment at dose 1000 mg/kgBW and in combination with CPA 50 mg/kgBW at dose 250 mg/kgBW; 500 mg/kgBW; and 1000 mg/kgBW. Molecular docking using PLANTS on CYP 3A4 was performed to explore the antigenotoxic effect mechanism. The three different combination dose of EEPL with CPA significantly (P<0.05) decreased the amount of micronucleated polychromatic erytrhocyte (MNPCE)/1000 polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) and also increased % P...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plant... more Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2018
Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed t... more Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given f...
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Treatments for colon cancer might caus... more Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Treatments for colon cancer might cause major side effects, hence increase opportunities for the development of new cancer drugs. One of the plants that potential to develop as an anticancer agent is daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff). From previous studies, G.pictum had cytotoxic activity against several cancerous cell lines. Traditionally, G.pictum leaves have been used for hemorrhoid treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of G.pictum ethanolic extract and its fractions on human colon cancer WiDr cells and to elucidate the compounds contained in most active extracts/fractions. G.pictum was extracted using 70% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively. The yield of the extract obtained was 18.9%. The yield of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water fractions were 1.07%, 2.93%, 10.26%, and 84.82%, respectively. The cytotoxi...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2018
Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as my... more Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as myricetin and kaempferol that included in the phytoestrogen compounds. The aim of this study is to examine the estrogenic effects of ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), on the development of mammae gland and the increasing of uterine weight. The in vivo test was performed with ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley female rats that caused the rats to be in an estrogen deficiency state. After 30 days of treatment, animals are sacrificed to take the uterus and mammae glands. Measurement of uterine weight and mammae gland are observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method to know the lobulus development and AgNOR staining to determine the proliferation level of mammae gland epithelial cells. The test results showed that EEPP concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW were able to increase uterine weight and proliferation of mammae gland. From the results of this study, papaya bark has the potential to...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2017
The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side eff... more The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side effects. One of that is cardiotoxicity by inducing the expression of nitric oxide synthase which may release nitric oxide (NO) resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac. DOX needs to be combined with antioxidant since it could supressed ROS in the cardiac and reduce cardiomyopathy. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is known as the source of antioxidant. This study aim to observe the treatment effects of ethanolic extract of kelor (EEK) on histopathology profile and concentration of NO in rats cardiac. The result from the hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that EEK improved the histopathology profile of rats’ cardiac. Compared with the DOX-only treatment, the structure of cardiac muscle cells treated by ethanolic extract of kelor is more well-arranged and the cells’ nucleus still visible. Concentration of NO was measured by cardiac puncture method. The result showed that the concentration...
There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can b... more There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison o...
On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used emp... more On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage p...
Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam ... more Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L), adalah salah satu tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam sediaan obat tradisional dengan indikasi meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh. Diduga terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara aktivitas antioksidan dan respon imun, terutama respon imun humoral yang diperantarai oleh aktivitas makrofag. Pembuatan ekstrak kering sebagai bahan baku sediaan obat tradisional berpotensi menimbulkan adanya perubahan aktivitas ekstrak dikarenakan adanya pemanasan pada prosesnya. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini diuji aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kering meniran dengan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 0,79 ± 0,06 % EK, memiliki aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH dengan IC50 sebesar 74,28 µg/mL. Proses pengeringan dan penambahan bahan pengisi pada ekstrak dapat berpengaruh pada aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH.
Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid, is the active compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma species... more Curcumin, a diarylheptanoid, is the active compound isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma species. Curcumin can modulate mechanisms in inflammatory-related immunomodulatory. The two methoxy groups in aromatic rings in the structure of curcumin play a role in the anti-inflammatory. Macrophages are crucial cellular components of innate immunity. For this reason, this review aims to assess the role of curcumin and its derivatives in the innate immune response of macrophage cells. Curcumin as anti-inflammatory releases inflammation mediators such as cytokines, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and others. Curcumin regulates innate immune via NLRP3 inflammasomes, nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Janus kinase1/2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription protein1 signaling pathway. However, curcumin has limited clinical application, especially solubility and bioavailability. Therefore, a structure and formula modification of curcumin was developed. ...
Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furtherm... more Background: The reported statistics suggest that alcoholic liver disease is on the rise. Furthermore, medications used to treat the disease have unpleasant effects, and this necessitates the need to continuously investigate hepatoprotective agents. This study investigates animal models of alcoholic liver disease used to evaluate hepatoprotective activity. Content: A good number of published articles evaluating hepatoprotective activity were summarized. The studies used three ethanol-induced liver injury models: the acute ethanol-induced liver injury model, the chronic ethanol-induced liver injury model, and Lieber– DeCarli model. Summary: Wistar rats were primarily used in the ethanol-induced liver injury model. High levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and histopathological alterations were found in all animal models (acute ethanol-induced liver injury, chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, and Lieber–DeCarli models). Severe steatosis was shown in b...
Osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia are prevalent condition in menopausal women. The common the... more Osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia are prevalent condition in menopausal women. The common therapy to prevent the estrogen degrading condition is Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT). However, HRT possessed various risks. Curcubita pepo L. seed (pumpkin seed) contains lignan secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol which exhibit estrogenic effect. The aim of this study is to determine the estrogenic effect of Ethanolic Extract of Pumpkin Seeds (EEPS) through in silico and in vivo study. In silico study were conducted by molecular docking of lignan which is secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol with Estrogen Receptor (ERα and Erβ). In vivo study conducted by using ovariectomized Sprague dawley female rats as a model of postmenopausal women. Blood lipid profile, bone density, and uterine weight were assayed after thirty days. Molecular docking score of secoisolariciresinol and lariciresinol were similar to estradiol. In vivo study found that EEPS increase bone density and uterine weigh...
Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) has been reported to ha... more Red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus, (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) has been reported to have various biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular risk reduction, health supplement, and melanoma cell inhibitory. The red thick peel of this fruit is just practically a waste that is possibly utilized to maintain health, therefore this research aimed to isolate and identify active compounds of H. Polyrhizus peels which can improve the immune system of body. In order to simplify methanol extract was partition and fractionation. The active compounds of petroleum ether fraction were separated and purified using preparative thin layer chromatography. The identification of the compounds structure was conducted through spectroscopic techniques, including UV, FT-IR, 13CNMR and 1HNMR spectroscopy. The data of spectra revealed that the isolate is lupeol. The statistical analysis of macrophage activity showed that the isolate...
Indonesia memiliki sekitar 200 jenis bajakah; 4 di antaranya yaitu bajakah tampala (Spatholobus l... more Indonesia memiliki sekitar 200 jenis bajakah; 4 di antaranya yaitu bajakah tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.), kalalawit (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb.), bajakah jari lima (Schefflera petiolosa (Miq.) Harms), dan longkur (Spatholobus ferrugineus (Zoll. & Moritzi) Benth.) yang telah digunakan oleh suku Dayak untuk pengobatan kanker payudara. Studi ini menguji sitotoksisitas antikanker payudara ekstrak akar dari keempat bajakah di atas. Ekstraksi menggunakan sample grinding pestle dengan pelarut air, air panas, etanol 96%, dan n-heksan. Uji sitotoksisitas ekstrak dilakukan secara in vitro terhadap sel T47D dengan pembanding tamoksifen. Nilai IC50 dari uji sitotoksik ekstrak etanol, air panas, air, dan n-heksan berturut-turut: 1136; 1871,5; 2294,25; dan 3975,5 µg/mL (R2 = 0,962; 0,943; 0,943; dan 0,956), tamoksifen 9 µg/mL (R2 = 0,9581). Ekstrak etanol bajakah merupakan yang paling toksik dibanding lainnya. Sehingga untuk perbaikan nilai IC50 dilakukan ekstraksi reflux menggunakan...
Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Pi... more Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and ...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2017
Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but has side effect, causing DNA d... more Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent, but has side effect, causing DNA damage (genotoxic). Papaya leaf (Carica papaya L.) is known has flavonoid compound, quercetin. Quercetin is known has DNA protecting effect (antigenotoxic effect) by metabolism modulation. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the antigenotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf (EEPL) on CPA induced mice. The antigenotoxic effect was evaluated by mammalian in vivo micronucleus test. EEPL was orally administered as single treatment at dose 1000 mg/kgBW and in combination with CPA 50 mg/kgBW at dose 250 mg/kgBW; 500 mg/kgBW; and 1000 mg/kgBW. Molecular docking using PLANTS on CYP 3A4 was performed to explore the antigenotoxic effect mechanism. The three different combination dose of EEPL with CPA significantly (P<0.05) decreased the amount of micronucleated polychromatic erytrhocyte (MNPCE)/1000 polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) and also increased % P...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plant... more Objective: Indonesia is a country which has various natural resources including medicinal plants. Among the plants, red dragon fruit is interesting to be studied. In this study, antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus (F.A.C. Weber) Britton and Rose) isolate was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method.Methods: Isolation of active compounds was performed through the application of vacuum liquid chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Antioxidant activity was tested using both TLC and spectrophotometry.Result: Results revealed that the values of IC50 of isolate 1 and 2 were 2.952, 14 μg/mL and 25.635,95 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusion: Isolate of dragon fruit has antioxidant activity. The compound which results in antioxidant activity is terpenoid and steroid.
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2018
Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed t... more Exposure to relative chemicals has been shown to induce a genotoxic effect that can be observed through formation of micronucleus (MN) in polychromatic erythrocythes (PCE). Rumput Mutiara or Hedyotis corymbosa L. ethanolic extract (HcEE) is known to contain ursolic acid as major compound that possesses antigenotoxic activity on HepG2 cells. This study exerts in vivo approach aiming to evaluate the antigenotoxic effects of HcEE on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced male Swiss mice. The ursolic acid on HcEE was determined by using thin layer chromatography with silica gel as stationary phase and chloroform-aceton (9:1) as mobile phase. The antigenotoxic activity was carried out by in vivo micronucleus test. Twenty four adult mice were equally divided into seven groups. Group I: control (untreated); group II: Na-CMC 0.5%; group III: CP 50 mg/kg BW; group IV: CP+HcEE 250 mg/kg BW; group V: CP+HcEE 500 mg/kg BW; group VI: CP+HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW; group VII: HcEE 1000 mg/kg BW. HcEE were given f...
Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Treatments for colon cancer might caus... more Colon cancer is the third most common cancer in the world. Treatments for colon cancer might cause major side effects, hence increase opportunities for the development of new cancer drugs. One of the plants that potential to develop as an anticancer agent is daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff). From previous studies, G.pictum had cytotoxic activity against several cancerous cell lines. Traditionally, G.pictum leaves have been used for hemorrhoid treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic activity of G.pictum ethanolic extract and its fractions on human colon cancer WiDr cells and to elucidate the compounds contained in most active extracts/fractions. G.pictum was extracted using 70% ethanol and fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively. The yield of the extract obtained was 18.9%. The yield of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol-water fractions were 1.07%, 2.93%, 10.26%, and 84.82%, respectively. The cytotoxi...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2018
Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as my... more Papaya bark is one of Indonesia's natural wealth that contains flavonoid compounds such as myricetin and kaempferol that included in the phytoestrogen compounds. The aim of this study is to examine the estrogenic effects of ethanolic extract of papaya peels (EEPP), on the development of mammae gland and the increasing of uterine weight. The in vivo test was performed with ovariectomy in Sprague Dawley female rats that caused the rats to be in an estrogen deficiency state. After 30 days of treatment, animals are sacrificed to take the uterus and mammae glands. Measurement of uterine weight and mammae gland are observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining method to know the lobulus development and AgNOR staining to determine the proliferation level of mammae gland epithelial cells. The test results showed that EEPP concentration of 500 and 1000 mg/kgBW were able to increase uterine weight and proliferation of mammae gland. From the results of this study, papaya bark has the potential to...
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Chemoprevention, 2017
The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side eff... more The usage of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug in cancer patient may cause several side effects. One of that is cardiotoxicity by inducing the expression of nitric oxide synthase which may release nitric oxide (NO) resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiac. DOX needs to be combined with antioxidant since it could supressed ROS in the cardiac and reduce cardiomyopathy. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) is known as the source of antioxidant. This study aim to observe the treatment effects of ethanolic extract of kelor (EEK) on histopathology profile and concentration of NO in rats cardiac. The result from the hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that EEK improved the histopathology profile of rats’ cardiac. Compared with the DOX-only treatment, the structure of cardiac muscle cells treated by ethanolic extract of kelor is more well-arranged and the cells’ nucleus still visible. Concentration of NO was measured by cardiac puncture method. The result showed that the concentration...
There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can b... more There were many plants containing flavonoids which can function as antioxidant. Antioxidant can be used to decrease the mortality rate caused by degenerative and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the antioxidant potency of n-hexane soluble and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble and insoluble fraction, and the ethanol extract antioxidant activity of Sambung Nyawa leaf (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.). The ethanol extract of G. procumbens leaves was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol then fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain the n-hexane soluble fraction, n-hexane insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble fraction, and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction. The antioxidant activity study of ethanol extract, n-hexane soluble, and insoluble fraction, ethyl acetate soluble, and insoluble fraction of G. procumbens was carried out using DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method to evaluate its free radical scavenging activity with a comparison o...
On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used emp... more On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage p...
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