The present study is a simultaneous investigation of the contents of political beliefs and their ... more The present study is a simultaneous investigation of the contents of political beliefs and their characteristics among Israeli students. In addition, it examines their perceived use of information sources. The results indicate that political beliefs regarding the Israeli-Arab conflicts are organized systematically around the dovelhawk dimension. Also, a positive relationship was found between centrality of beliefs and confidence in them; between well-defined political identification and centrality and confidence; and between agreement with the beliefs and confidence. Finally, the results show that the perceived use of information sources is related to political identification. The performed investigation demonstrates the importance of combining the study of the contents of beliefs with that of their characteristics, since the latter have important Implications for understanding individuals' cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions.
Abstract Female college students (N= 112) completed a test battery of personality scales and perf... more Abstract Female college students (N= 112) completed a test battery of personality scales and performance tasks at home over four consecutive evenings, under one of eight combinations of the following experimental conditions: Schedule Source (experimenter ...
This study compared the cognitive patterns of emotionally disturbed (ED) children with those of n... more This study compared the cognitive patterns of emotionally disturbed (ED) children with those of normal children as reflected in their scores on the Hebrew adaptation of the WISC‐R. The test was given to 221 boys age seven to eleven. The 65 boys diagnosed as ED comprised the experimental group and the remainder as controls. The profile of the Ed group
... Daniel Bar-Tal, Alona Raviv, and Marta Goldberg Tel-Aviv University BAR-TAL, DANIEL; RAVIV,AL... more ... Daniel Bar-Tal, Alona Raviv, and Marta Goldberg Tel-Aviv University BAR-TAL, DANIEL; RAVIV,ALONA; and GOLDBERG, MARTA. ... This result indicates that children in the young-est age group had ore social contacts with a teacher than any other age group. ...
This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psych... more This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psychologists. A total of 1113 (873 women and 240 men) school psychologists participated in the study. Each participant was asked to fill out a questionnaire addressing four central aspects of the school psychologist's job: personal and professional background information, information regarding their job performance, preferred activities and further education preferences and information regarding the level of satisfaction from different aspects of the job. The questioning of most of the school psychologists in Israel allowed us to achieve a complete sense of what the school psychologists do and how they experience their job. Our findings showed that most Israeli school psychologists wish to practice as clinicians and prefer to spend most of their time working with children in individual therapy, counselling their parents, and to a certain extent, consulting teachers. However, both job perception and satisfaction were found to vary as a function of level of expertise.
This article recounts the application of mental health consultation techniques to a special army ... more This article recounts the application of mental health consultation techniques to a special army framework. Specifically, female soldiers serving as teachers for a problematic population of male recruits, received group consultation from a psychologist serving in the reserves. By training the teachers as therapeutic agents or caregivers for the soldiers, it was hoped to achieve greater effectiveness in their work, and to reach individually as many soldiers as possible. These soldiers were taking part in a special enrichment and training program organized by Zahal (Israel Defense Forces) for those whose illiteracy or emotional difficulties had exempted them in the past from regular army service. The consultation process and subjects raised at group sessions are discussed.
This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psych... more This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psychologists. A total of 1113 (873 women and 240 men) school psychologists participated in the study. Each participant was asked to fill out a questionnaire addressing four central aspects of the school psychologist's job: personal and professional background information, information regarding their job performance, preferred activities and further education preferences and information regarding the level of satisfaction from different aspects of the job. The questioning of most of the school psychologists in Israel allowed us to achieve a complete sense of what the school psychologists do and how they experience their job. Our findings showed that most Israeli school psychologists wish to practice as clinicians and prefer to spend most of their time working with children in individual therapy, counselling their parents, and to a certain extent, consulting teachers. However, both job per...
Trust and distrust affect the nature relations on the interpersonal as well as on intragroup and ... more Trust and distrust affect the nature relations on the interpersonal as well as on intragroup and intergroup levels. The chapter explores the functioning of trust and distrust in situations of conflict and especially in the intergroup conflict between Israeli Jews and Palestinians, which is perceived as a prototypical intractable conflict. The functioning is explored by interviewing as Jewish Israeli lay people involved in Israeli–Palestinian intractable conflict. The interviewees were asked about their views of trust and distrust in general and then asked to apply these views to the analysis of Jewish–Palestinian relations. The results showed that the majority of participants are distrustful of Palestinians. This distrust is perceived as predominantly due to the Palestinians violence toward human lives, not recognizing the State of Israel, not complying with accords, and an attitude of hate toward Israeli Jews, actions of the Palestinian leadership and negative attitudes espoused by Israeli Jews toward them. An attitude of trust toward Palestinians was associated with a humanistic view of Palestinians or as resulting from positive actions by the Palestinian people (compliance with accords). The majority of participants believe that Palestinians do not trust Israeli Jews. Palestinian distrust is perceived as stemming mostly from Israel’s harmful actions toward them (the Occupation and physical harm). A variety of conditions that can enable or promote trust in Palestinians was identified, predominantly refraining from hurting Israeli Jews, neutralizing the Hamas administration and fulfilling conditions that can enable negotiations (flexibility in demands, and recognition of the State of Israel). On the other hand, a number of suggestions were made in order to promote greater trust by Palestinians toward Israeli Jews. Many involved refraining from hurting Palestinians, releasing prisoners, ending the Occupation and allowing the founding of a Palestinian State, halting development of settlements, and treating Palestinians more humanely. On the basis of the data received from the interviews we propose a conceptual framework for understanding trust and distrust in situations of intractable conflict. Finally, we present a few ideas regarding the possibility of changing distrust to trust, in order to advance peacemaking processes.
Summary. The present study utilises a phenomenological approach to investigating individuals'... more Summary. The present study utilises a phenomenological approach to investigating individuals' attribution of success or failure. On the basis of the assumption that individuals use various causes to explain their successes or failures and attach to them different meaning, the present study collected a list of causes used by males and females of low and middle-upper socio-economic class. Subjects from these four demographic groups were later asked to rate the identified causes on the dimensions of locus of casuality, stability and controllability. In addition, the subjects were asked to use the same causes while making attributions to their grade achieved at the end of a trimester. The comparisons among the four groups showed that the two SES groups were similar with regard to their rating of the causes on the three dimensions. The meaning of the results for further research of casual perception of success and failure is discussed.
... Opening remarks. In S. Levinson (Ed.), Psychology in the schools and in the community. Tel Av... more ... Opening remarks. In S. Levinson (Ed.), Psychology in the schools and in the community. Tel Aviv:Hadar publishing house [in Hebrew]. Levine, M., & Perkins, DV (1997). ... The Israel Annals of Psychiatry Related Disciplines, 16, 327-338. Omer, H., & Alon, N. (1994). ...
The present study is a simultaneous investigation of the contents of political beliefs and their ... more The present study is a simultaneous investigation of the contents of political beliefs and their characteristics among Israeli students. In addition, it examines their perceived use of information sources. The results indicate that political beliefs regarding the Israeli-Arab conflicts are organized systematically around the dovelhawk dimension. Also, a positive relationship was found between centrality of beliefs and confidence in them; between well-defined political identification and centrality and confidence; and between agreement with the beliefs and confidence. Finally, the results show that the perceived use of information sources is related to political identification. The performed investigation demonstrates the importance of combining the study of the contents of beliefs with that of their characteristics, since the latter have important Implications for understanding individuals' cognitive, affective, and behavioral reactions.
Abstract Female college students (N= 112) completed a test battery of personality scales and perf... more Abstract Female college students (N= 112) completed a test battery of personality scales and performance tasks at home over four consecutive evenings, under one of eight combinations of the following experimental conditions: Schedule Source (experimenter ...
This study compared the cognitive patterns of emotionally disturbed (ED) children with those of n... more This study compared the cognitive patterns of emotionally disturbed (ED) children with those of normal children as reflected in their scores on the Hebrew adaptation of the WISC‐R. The test was given to 221 boys age seven to eleven. The 65 boys diagnosed as ED comprised the experimental group and the remainder as controls. The profile of the Ed group
... Daniel Bar-Tal, Alona Raviv, and Marta Goldberg Tel-Aviv University BAR-TAL, DANIEL; RAVIV,AL... more ... Daniel Bar-Tal, Alona Raviv, and Marta Goldberg Tel-Aviv University BAR-TAL, DANIEL; RAVIV,ALONA; and GOLDBERG, MARTA. ... This result indicates that children in the young-est age group had ore social contacts with a teacher than any other age group. ...
This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psych... more This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psychologists. A total of 1113 (873 women and 240 men) school psychologists participated in the study. Each participant was asked to fill out a questionnaire addressing four central aspects of the school psychologist's job: personal and professional background information, information regarding their job performance, preferred activities and further education preferences and information regarding the level of satisfaction from different aspects of the job. The questioning of most of the school psychologists in Israel allowed us to achieve a complete sense of what the school psychologists do and how they experience their job. Our findings showed that most Israeli school psychologists wish to practice as clinicians and prefer to spend most of their time working with children in individual therapy, counselling their parents, and to a certain extent, consulting teachers. However, both job perception and satisfaction were found to vary as a function of level of expertise.
This article recounts the application of mental health consultation techniques to a special army ... more This article recounts the application of mental health consultation techniques to a special army framework. Specifically, female soldiers serving as teachers for a problematic population of male recruits, received group consultation from a psychologist serving in the reserves. By training the teachers as therapeutic agents or caregivers for the soldiers, it was hoped to achieve greater effectiveness in their work, and to reach individually as many soldiers as possible. These soldiers were taking part in a special enrichment and training program organized by Zahal (Israel Defense Forces) for those whose illiteracy or emotional difficulties had exempted them in the past from regular army service. The consultation process and subjects raised at group sessions are discussed.
This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psych... more This study investigated the role perception and level of job satisfaction of Israeli school psychologists. A total of 1113 (873 women and 240 men) school psychologists participated in the study. Each participant was asked to fill out a questionnaire addressing four central aspects of the school psychologist's job: personal and professional background information, information regarding their job performance, preferred activities and further education preferences and information regarding the level of satisfaction from different aspects of the job. The questioning of most of the school psychologists in Israel allowed us to achieve a complete sense of what the school psychologists do and how they experience their job. Our findings showed that most Israeli school psychologists wish to practice as clinicians and prefer to spend most of their time working with children in individual therapy, counselling their parents, and to a certain extent, consulting teachers. However, both job per...
Trust and distrust affect the nature relations on the interpersonal as well as on intragroup and ... more Trust and distrust affect the nature relations on the interpersonal as well as on intragroup and intergroup levels. The chapter explores the functioning of trust and distrust in situations of conflict and especially in the intergroup conflict between Israeli Jews and Palestinians, which is perceived as a prototypical intractable conflict. The functioning is explored by interviewing as Jewish Israeli lay people involved in Israeli–Palestinian intractable conflict. The interviewees were asked about their views of trust and distrust in general and then asked to apply these views to the analysis of Jewish–Palestinian relations. The results showed that the majority of participants are distrustful of Palestinians. This distrust is perceived as predominantly due to the Palestinians violence toward human lives, not recognizing the State of Israel, not complying with accords, and an attitude of hate toward Israeli Jews, actions of the Palestinian leadership and negative attitudes espoused by Israeli Jews toward them. An attitude of trust toward Palestinians was associated with a humanistic view of Palestinians or as resulting from positive actions by the Palestinian people (compliance with accords). The majority of participants believe that Palestinians do not trust Israeli Jews. Palestinian distrust is perceived as stemming mostly from Israel’s harmful actions toward them (the Occupation and physical harm). A variety of conditions that can enable or promote trust in Palestinians was identified, predominantly refraining from hurting Israeli Jews, neutralizing the Hamas administration and fulfilling conditions that can enable negotiations (flexibility in demands, and recognition of the State of Israel). On the other hand, a number of suggestions were made in order to promote greater trust by Palestinians toward Israeli Jews. Many involved refraining from hurting Palestinians, releasing prisoners, ending the Occupation and allowing the founding of a Palestinian State, halting development of settlements, and treating Palestinians more humanely. On the basis of the data received from the interviews we propose a conceptual framework for understanding trust and distrust in situations of intractable conflict. Finally, we present a few ideas regarding the possibility of changing distrust to trust, in order to advance peacemaking processes.
Summary. The present study utilises a phenomenological approach to investigating individuals'... more Summary. The present study utilises a phenomenological approach to investigating individuals' attribution of success or failure. On the basis of the assumption that individuals use various causes to explain their successes or failures and attach to them different meaning, the present study collected a list of causes used by males and females of low and middle-upper socio-economic class. Subjects from these four demographic groups were later asked to rate the identified causes on the dimensions of locus of casuality, stability and controllability. In addition, the subjects were asked to use the same causes while making attributions to their grade achieved at the end of a trimester. The comparisons among the four groups showed that the two SES groups were similar with regard to their rating of the causes on the three dimensions. The meaning of the results for further research of casual perception of success and failure is discussed.
... Opening remarks. In S. Levinson (Ed.), Psychology in the schools and in the community. Tel Av... more ... Opening remarks. In S. Levinson (Ed.), Psychology in the schools and in the community. Tel Aviv:Hadar publishing house [in Hebrew]. Levine, M., & Perkins, DV (1997). ... The Israel Annals of Psychiatry Related Disciplines, 16, 327-338. Omer, H., & Alon, N. (1994). ...
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Papers by Amiram Raviv