JISR management and social sciences & economics, 2018
The current study is intended to analyze the relationship between stock market development and in... more The current study is intended to analyze the relationship between stock market development and institutional quality. The study is based on the evidence of VISTA alliance for the period of 1984 to 2012. The outcomes of the panel ARDL (PMG) revealed that high regulatory quality, government effectiveness and rule of law, positively affect stock market development in the long-run. While political stability and control over corrupt practices have a significantly negative effect on stock market development. This study provides robust evidence that institutional quality plays a critical role in stock market development in any economy. However, governments should motivate employees to work with motivation by giving rewards, so that corrupt practices can be reduced.
In the local universe, black hole masses have been inferred from the observed increase in the vel... more In the local universe, black hole masses have been inferred from the observed increase in the velocities of stars at the centres of their host galaxies. So far, masses of supermassive black holes in the early universe have only been inferred indirectly, using relationships calibrated to their locally observed counterparts. Here, we use the latest observational constraints on the evolution of stellar masses in galaxies to predict, for the first time, that the region of influence of a central supermassive black hole at the epochs where the first galaxies were formed is directly resolvable by current and upcoming telescopes. We show that the existence of the black hole can be inferred from observations of the gas or stellar disc out to > 0.5 kpc from the host halo at redshifts z 6. Such measurements will usher in a new era of discoveries unraveling the formation of the first supermassive black holes based on subarcsecond-scale spectroscopy with the JW ST , ALM A, and the SKA. The measured mass distribution of black holes will allow forecasting of the future detection of gravitational waves from the earliest black hole mergers.
In this paper we investigate the simultaneous e¤ects of thermal and concentration dif-fusions on ... more In this paper we investigate the simultaneous e¤ects of thermal and concentration dif-fusions on a mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer ‡ow through porous medium under convective surface boundary condition. The governing boundary layer equations are written in dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary di¤erential equations are solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The e¤ects of di¤erent parameters on the velocity , temperature and concentration …elds are analyzed and discussed. Tables containing the numerical data for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also provided.
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2017
The inclined magnetic field effect on the boundary layer flow of Sisko fluid model over a radiall... more The inclined magnetic field effect on the boundary layer flow of Sisko fluid model over a radially stretching sheet is investigated. The effects of viscous dissipation and thermal radiations are also taken into account. It is assumed that the magnetic field is applied with an inclined angle γ which varies from 0 • to 90 •. The suitable transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution of the governing problem is obtained by using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The obtained results for velocity and temperature are expressed through graphs against various emerging physical parameters such as magnetic parameter, angle of inclination, Prandtl number, radiation number, Eckert number and material parameter of the Sisko fluid for different values of power law index. It is found that increasing value of aligned angle strengthens the magnetic field and decreases the velocity profile and enhances the heat transfer rate. Further, the numerical values are given in tabular form for the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number.
Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, Aug 7, 2013
In this paper we investigate the simultaneous effects of thermal and concentration diffusions on ... more In this paper we investigate the simultaneous effects of thermal and concentration diffusions on a mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow through a porous medium under a convective surface boundary condition. The governing boundary layer equations are written in dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of different parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are analyzed and discussed. Tables containing the numerical data for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also provided.
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2021
Stent migration and endoleak are common failure mechanisms for endovascular repair. Both can be p... more Stent migration and endoleak are common failure mechanisms for endovascular repair. Both can be partially attributed to a lack in understanding of the mechanical properties of endovascular stents. An alternative radial extensometer and machine vision system have been developed to both raise the quality of published radial force data, as well as to create and present an option for economical stent testing. The apparatus has shown promise as an accurate, repeatable, and reliable system for stent evaluation. Previous results by Johnston et al. examining z-type endovascular stents have been verified. Results showed that smaller stent diameters exhibit higher radial force than larger diameter stents, contrary to the expected outcomes due to increasing drag on increasing diameter stents. Stent orientation has been shown to contribute up to 8.8% error in radial force introduced by non-symmetrical brazed joints. The presence of a stent cover is shown to have negligible impact on stent radial force data above 10% reduction in area.
Statement of the Problem: Ultra-soft bristles are recommended for individuals with gingival reces... more Statement of the Problem: Ultra-soft bristles are recommended for individuals with gingival recession, dentinal hypersensitivity, and patients who have undergone periodontal surgeries. However, comparative effectiveness of ultra-soft toothbrushes on dental plaque and bleeding indices has not extensively been studied, and a consensus has yet to be reached on their efficacy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultra-soft toothbrushes with different commercial brands on plaque and bleeding indices. Materials and Method: In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 30 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). In the first session, the bleeding index was recorded. Then each subject was given a toothbrush (Oral B, GUM, or Fuchs), asked to brush at least twice a day using the Bass technique, then avoid brushing for 24 hours after a week and refer for recording the indices. During th...
The aim of this thesis is to design new algorithmic tools with which the biomathematical models o... more The aim of this thesis is to design new algorithmic tools with which the biomathematical models on stationary and evolving-in-time surfaces can be studied and to perform related numerical analysis. Surface PDEs models can describe several engineering applications, e.g., in fluid mechanics, modeling of membranes and image processing. The equations which describe biological phenomena are strongly coupled nonlinear systems of PDEs. The modeling of more realistic biological applications can generate complex systems of equations defined on surfaces. The domain in which the PDEs are defined can often be a challenging morphology and analytical solution for such complicated dynamical systems are not available. Nevertheless numerical solutions for such biomathemtical problems are possible and require fast, highly accurate and efficient solvers. The present work analyzes the numerical treatment of PDEs on surfaces and provides a flexible numerical framework to solve PDEs on a stationary quadrilateral mesh. The developed numerical approach combines the level set methodology for the implicit description of stationary and evolving surfaces with the Eulerian finite element formulation. The theory of level set methods utilizes the Eulerian formulation for partial differential equations, instead of looking at boundary motion from a natural geometric Lagrangian perspective. In order to formulate the mathematical equations, we present the necessary foundation in the context of evolving surfaces. The most significant advantages of the proposed scheme are the curvature-free calculation, i.e., the mean curvature is no more explicitly calculated. Moreover, it allows the coupling of PDEs defined on surfaces with those defined in a bulk region. An adequate numerical scheme has to be free of numerical instabilities. The problem in hand is convection dominated which occurs due to the chemotaxis model, the transport of the cell density and surface evolution. The solution can produce non-physical spurious oscillations and can diverge from the realistic solution profiles. It is known that the pure Galerkin formulation is not sufficient to solve PDEs on surfaces with biomathematical applications. The positivity preserving scheme is obtained by using flux-corrected transport schemes of TVD and FCT-types, so that the constructed scheme is stable and positivity preserving. The developed numerical scheme is validated by solving several problems of biomathematical models on surfaces. The discussed test cases are taken from mathematical biology of pattern formation, e.g., the numerical solution of the Schnakenberg model on a nontrivial stationary surface in three dimensional Euclidean space and the transport of cell density on a sphere. Furthermore, we demonstrated the coupling of the Koch-Meinhardt reaction-diffusion model of the Turing-type with the evolution of level sets, where the normal velocity of a surface resp., level set is proportional to the numerical solution of the model. The numerical results support the reliability of the proposed computational framework in terms of numerical convergence and capturing of expected solution profiles. The computational and analytical complexity significantly increase for realistic applications. Thus, the developed approach can readily be employed for biological applications that involve PDEs on evolving surfaces. This numerical scheme is also applicable to three dimensional models which is mandatory when considering real-life applications.
Metastases in the kidney, perirenal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and adrenal glands occur in 2, 2,... more Metastases in the kidney, perirenal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and adrenal glands occur in 2, 2, and 3 % of patients with lung cancer, respectively, and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis develops in 6 % of cases of radiochemotherapy complications, which impairs the survival of patients, depends on the shape and location of the primary tumor process, the degree of its differentiation, integrated severity and the use of anticancer drugs (taxanes) in combined treatment.
Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in t... more Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in the Nagar dialect of Burushaski.
Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in t... more Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in the Nagar dialect.
In this framework, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of th... more In this framework, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the second-order linear Fredholm–Stieltjes-integral equations, u(x)=λ∫abK(x,y)u(y)dg(y)+f(x),x∈a,b, are thoroughly derived. Moreover, instead of approximating the integral equation by different numbers of partition n, the optimal number n for the given error tolerance is established. The system of equations is implemented in MAPLE for the Runge method. An efficient scheme is proposed for second-order integral equations. The solution has been compared with an exact and closed-form solution for limited cases.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
Pcal_0768 gene encoding an amylomaltase, a 4-α-glucanatransferase belonging to family 77 of glyco... more Pcal_0768 gene encoding an amylomaltase, a 4-α-glucanatransferase belonging to family 77 of glycosyl hydrolases, from Pyrobaculum calidifontis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was produced in E. coli in soluble and active form. However, the expression level was not very high. Analysis of the mRNA of initial seven codons at the 5'-end of the gene revealed the presence of a hair pin like secondary structure. This secondary structure was removed by site directed mutagenesis, without altering the amino acids, which resulted in enhanced expression of the cloned gene. Recombinant Pcal_0768 exhibited optimal amylomaltase activity at 80 °C and pH 6.9. Under these conditions, the specific activity was 690 U/ mg. Recombinant Pcal_0768 was highly thermostable with a half-life of 6 h at 100 °C. It exhibited the highest kcat value among the characterized glucanotransferases. No metal ions were required for activity or stability of the enzyme. Recombinant Pcal_0768 was successfully employed in the synthesis of modified starch for producing thermoreversible gel. To the best of our knowledge, till now this is the most thermostable enzyme among the characterized amylomaltases. High thermostability and starch modification potential make it a novel and distinct amylomaltase.
The present pagination is devoted to report the statistics of hydrodynamic forces towards heated ... more The present pagination is devoted to report the statistics of hydrodynamic forces towards heated square cylinder placed in between rectangular channel at various inclinations. To be more specific, the rectangular channel is considered as computational domain. The left and bottom walls are taken uniformly heated. The top wall of the channel is kept cold while the right wall is specified with an adiabatic condition. The uniformly heated square-shaped cylinder is placed in between channel with various inclinations case-wise. Further, the fluid is initiated at an inlet with the parabolic velocity profile and the outlet is carried with Neumann condition. The velocity of the bottom and top wall is taken zero. The no-slip condition at the outer surface of a square obstacle is incorporated. The whole physical design is controlled mathematically. The most reliable numerical approach named finite element analysis is utilized to examine the flow field properties. The impact of an inclination of heated square obstacle on both drag and lift forces is reported by performing line integration around the outer surface of square obstacle. The outcomes are offered by means of velocity contour plots and isotherms.
Purpose - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit inform... more Purpose - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit information sharing and the funding cost of banks of the top ten “AA rating” commercial banks of Pakistan as the Commercial banks also play a significant role in the economy of every country. Design/Methodology - In this study, panel data were analyzed from 2011 to 2017. We selected the top ten “AA rating” banks from Pakistan credit rating agency (PACRA) website, and data related to another related variables are obtained from financial statements of the respective banks. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) statistical technique was employed to measure the relationship among related variables. Findings - The result of the study shows that there is a negative and significant relationship between credit information sharing, operation efficiency, and funding cost. On the other side, profitability has a positive and significant relationship with the funding cost of the bank. Practical Implications ...
JISR management and social sciences & economics, 2018
The current study is intended to analyze the relationship between stock market development and in... more The current study is intended to analyze the relationship between stock market development and institutional quality. The study is based on the evidence of VISTA alliance for the period of 1984 to 2012. The outcomes of the panel ARDL (PMG) revealed that high regulatory quality, government effectiveness and rule of law, positively affect stock market development in the long-run. While political stability and control over corrupt practices have a significantly negative effect on stock market development. This study provides robust evidence that institutional quality plays a critical role in stock market development in any economy. However, governments should motivate employees to work with motivation by giving rewards, so that corrupt practices can be reduced.
In the local universe, black hole masses have been inferred from the observed increase in the vel... more In the local universe, black hole masses have been inferred from the observed increase in the velocities of stars at the centres of their host galaxies. So far, masses of supermassive black holes in the early universe have only been inferred indirectly, using relationships calibrated to their locally observed counterparts. Here, we use the latest observational constraints on the evolution of stellar masses in galaxies to predict, for the first time, that the region of influence of a central supermassive black hole at the epochs where the first galaxies were formed is directly resolvable by current and upcoming telescopes. We show that the existence of the black hole can be inferred from observations of the gas or stellar disc out to > 0.5 kpc from the host halo at redshifts z 6. Such measurements will usher in a new era of discoveries unraveling the formation of the first supermassive black holes based on subarcsecond-scale spectroscopy with the JW ST , ALM A, and the SKA. The measured mass distribution of black holes will allow forecasting of the future detection of gravitational waves from the earliest black hole mergers.
In this paper we investigate the simultaneous e¤ects of thermal and concentration dif-fusions on ... more In this paper we investigate the simultaneous e¤ects of thermal and concentration dif-fusions on a mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer ‡ow through porous medium under convective surface boundary condition. The governing boundary layer equations are written in dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary di¤erential equations are solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The e¤ects of di¤erent parameters on the velocity , temperature and concentration …elds are analyzed and discussed. Tables containing the numerical data for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also provided.
Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2020
This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the ad... more This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2017
The inclined magnetic field effect on the boundary layer flow of Sisko fluid model over a radiall... more The inclined magnetic field effect on the boundary layer flow of Sisko fluid model over a radially stretching sheet is investigated. The effects of viscous dissipation and thermal radiations are also taken into account. It is assumed that the magnetic field is applied with an inclined angle γ which varies from 0 • to 90 •. The suitable transformations are used to convert the governing partial differential equations into a set of non-linear coupled ordinary differential equations. The numerical solution of the governing problem is obtained by using fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with shooting technique. The obtained results for velocity and temperature are expressed through graphs against various emerging physical parameters such as magnetic parameter, angle of inclination, Prandtl number, radiation number, Eckert number and material parameter of the Sisko fluid for different values of power law index. It is found that increasing value of aligned angle strengthens the magnetic field and decreases the velocity profile and enhances the heat transfer rate. Further, the numerical values are given in tabular form for the local skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number.
Walailak Journal of Science and Technology, Aug 7, 2013
In this paper we investigate the simultaneous effects of thermal and concentration diffusions on ... more In this paper we investigate the simultaneous effects of thermal and concentration diffusions on a mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Falkner-Skan boundary layer flow through a porous medium under a convective surface boundary condition. The governing boundary layer equations are written in dimensionless form by similarity transformations. The transformed coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved analytically by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of different parameters on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields are analyzed and discussed. Tables containing the numerical data for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also provided.
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, 2021
Stent migration and endoleak are common failure mechanisms for endovascular repair. Both can be p... more Stent migration and endoleak are common failure mechanisms for endovascular repair. Both can be partially attributed to a lack in understanding of the mechanical properties of endovascular stents. An alternative radial extensometer and machine vision system have been developed to both raise the quality of published radial force data, as well as to create and present an option for economical stent testing. The apparatus has shown promise as an accurate, repeatable, and reliable system for stent evaluation. Previous results by Johnston et al. examining z-type endovascular stents have been verified. Results showed that smaller stent diameters exhibit higher radial force than larger diameter stents, contrary to the expected outcomes due to increasing drag on increasing diameter stents. Stent orientation has been shown to contribute up to 8.8% error in radial force introduced by non-symmetrical brazed joints. The presence of a stent cover is shown to have negligible impact on stent radial force data above 10% reduction in area.
Statement of the Problem: Ultra-soft bristles are recommended for individuals with gingival reces... more Statement of the Problem: Ultra-soft bristles are recommended for individuals with gingival recession, dentinal hypersensitivity, and patients who have undergone periodontal surgeries. However, comparative effectiveness of ultra-soft toothbrushes on dental plaque and bleeding indices has not extensively been studied, and a consensus has yet to be reached on their efficacy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ultra-soft toothbrushes with different commercial brands on plaque and bleeding indices. Materials and Method: In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 30 participants were selected using convenience sampling method. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). In the first session, the bleeding index was recorded. Then each subject was given a toothbrush (Oral B, GUM, or Fuchs), asked to brush at least twice a day using the Bass technique, then avoid brushing for 24 hours after a week and refer for recording the indices. During th...
The aim of this thesis is to design new algorithmic tools with which the biomathematical models o... more The aim of this thesis is to design new algorithmic tools with which the biomathematical models on stationary and evolving-in-time surfaces can be studied and to perform related numerical analysis. Surface PDEs models can describe several engineering applications, e.g., in fluid mechanics, modeling of membranes and image processing. The equations which describe biological phenomena are strongly coupled nonlinear systems of PDEs. The modeling of more realistic biological applications can generate complex systems of equations defined on surfaces. The domain in which the PDEs are defined can often be a challenging morphology and analytical solution for such complicated dynamical systems are not available. Nevertheless numerical solutions for such biomathemtical problems are possible and require fast, highly accurate and efficient solvers. The present work analyzes the numerical treatment of PDEs on surfaces and provides a flexible numerical framework to solve PDEs on a stationary quadrilateral mesh. The developed numerical approach combines the level set methodology for the implicit description of stationary and evolving surfaces with the Eulerian finite element formulation. The theory of level set methods utilizes the Eulerian formulation for partial differential equations, instead of looking at boundary motion from a natural geometric Lagrangian perspective. In order to formulate the mathematical equations, we present the necessary foundation in the context of evolving surfaces. The most significant advantages of the proposed scheme are the curvature-free calculation, i.e., the mean curvature is no more explicitly calculated. Moreover, it allows the coupling of PDEs defined on surfaces with those defined in a bulk region. An adequate numerical scheme has to be free of numerical instabilities. The problem in hand is convection dominated which occurs due to the chemotaxis model, the transport of the cell density and surface evolution. The solution can produce non-physical spurious oscillations and can diverge from the realistic solution profiles. It is known that the pure Galerkin formulation is not sufficient to solve PDEs on surfaces with biomathematical applications. The positivity preserving scheme is obtained by using flux-corrected transport schemes of TVD and FCT-types, so that the constructed scheme is stable and positivity preserving. The developed numerical scheme is validated by solving several problems of biomathematical models on surfaces. The discussed test cases are taken from mathematical biology of pattern formation, e.g., the numerical solution of the Schnakenberg model on a nontrivial stationary surface in three dimensional Euclidean space and the transport of cell density on a sphere. Furthermore, we demonstrated the coupling of the Koch-Meinhardt reaction-diffusion model of the Turing-type with the evolution of level sets, where the normal velocity of a surface resp., level set is proportional to the numerical solution of the model. The numerical results support the reliability of the proposed computational framework in terms of numerical convergence and capturing of expected solution profiles. The computational and analytical complexity significantly increase for realistic applications. Thus, the developed approach can readily be employed for biological applications that involve PDEs on evolving surfaces. This numerical scheme is also applicable to three dimensional models which is mandatory when considering real-life applications.
Metastases in the kidney, perirenal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and adrenal glands occur in 2, 2,... more Metastases in the kidney, perirenal retroperitoneal lymph nodes and adrenal glands occur in 2, 2, and 3 % of patients with lung cancer, respectively, and acute tubulointerstitial nephritis develops in 6 % of cases of radiochemotherapy complications, which impairs the survival of patients, depends on the shape and location of the primary tumor process, the degree of its differentiation, integrated severity and the use of anticancer drugs (taxanes) in combined treatment.
Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in t... more Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in the Nagar dialect of Burushaski.
Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in t... more Recording of Fida and Ramzan Ali reciting a personal account of a war on the Seyachin border in the Nagar dialect.
In this framework, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of th... more In this framework, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the second-order linear Fredholm–Stieltjes-integral equations, u(x)=λ∫abK(x,y)u(y)dg(y)+f(x),x∈a,b, are thoroughly derived. Moreover, instead of approximating the integral equation by different numbers of partition n, the optimal number n for the given error tolerance is established. The system of equations is implemented in MAPLE for the Runge method. An efficient scheme is proposed for second-order integral equations. The solution has been compared with an exact and closed-form solution for limited cases.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020
Pcal_0768 gene encoding an amylomaltase, a 4-α-glucanatransferase belonging to family 77 of glyco... more Pcal_0768 gene encoding an amylomaltase, a 4-α-glucanatransferase belonging to family 77 of glycosyl hydrolases, from Pyrobaculum calidifontis was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was produced in E. coli in soluble and active form. However, the expression level was not very high. Analysis of the mRNA of initial seven codons at the 5'-end of the gene revealed the presence of a hair pin like secondary structure. This secondary structure was removed by site directed mutagenesis, without altering the amino acids, which resulted in enhanced expression of the cloned gene. Recombinant Pcal_0768 exhibited optimal amylomaltase activity at 80 °C and pH 6.9. Under these conditions, the specific activity was 690 U/ mg. Recombinant Pcal_0768 was highly thermostable with a half-life of 6 h at 100 °C. It exhibited the highest kcat value among the characterized glucanotransferases. No metal ions were required for activity or stability of the enzyme. Recombinant Pcal_0768 was successfully employed in the synthesis of modified starch for producing thermoreversible gel. To the best of our knowledge, till now this is the most thermostable enzyme among the characterized amylomaltases. High thermostability and starch modification potential make it a novel and distinct amylomaltase.
The present pagination is devoted to report the statistics of hydrodynamic forces towards heated ... more The present pagination is devoted to report the statistics of hydrodynamic forces towards heated square cylinder placed in between rectangular channel at various inclinations. To be more specific, the rectangular channel is considered as computational domain. The left and bottom walls are taken uniformly heated. The top wall of the channel is kept cold while the right wall is specified with an adiabatic condition. The uniformly heated square-shaped cylinder is placed in between channel with various inclinations case-wise. Further, the fluid is initiated at an inlet with the parabolic velocity profile and the outlet is carried with Neumann condition. The velocity of the bottom and top wall is taken zero. The no-slip condition at the outer surface of a square obstacle is incorporated. The whole physical design is controlled mathematically. The most reliable numerical approach named finite element analysis is utilized to examine the flow field properties. The impact of an inclination of heated square obstacle on both drag and lift forces is reported by performing line integration around the outer surface of square obstacle. The outcomes are offered by means of velocity contour plots and isotherms.
Purpose - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit inform... more Purpose - The objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between the credit information sharing and the funding cost of banks of the top ten “AA rating” commercial banks of Pakistan as the Commercial banks also play a significant role in the economy of every country. Design/Methodology - In this study, panel data were analyzed from 2011 to 2017. We selected the top ten “AA rating” banks from Pakistan credit rating agency (PACRA) website, and data related to another related variables are obtained from financial statements of the respective banks. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) statistical technique was employed to measure the relationship among related variables. Findings - The result of the study shows that there is a negative and significant relationship between credit information sharing, operation efficiency, and funding cost. On the other side, profitability has a positive and significant relationship with the funding cost of the bank. Practical Implications ...
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