Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and rela... more Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and related environmental degradation will have significant implications to global health. Pathways for infectious disease transmission including zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, are complex and non-linear. While forced migration is considered an important driver for the spread of zoonoses, actual disease dynamics remain under researched. This paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how disaster displacement affected zoonotic disease transmission risk following the 2010 'superfloods' in Sindh province, Pakistan. We interviewed 30 key informants and 17 household members across 6 rural communities between March and November 2019, supported by observational studies and a review of secondary data. Results were analysed using the ecosocial theoretical framework. Buffalo, cattle and goats were often the only moveable asset, therefore livestock was an important consideration in determining displacement modality and destination location, and crowded locations were avoided to protect human and animal health. Meanwhile however, livestock was rarely included in the humanitarian response, resulting in communities and households fragmenting according to the availability of livestock provisions. We found that rather than a driver for disease, displacement acted as a process affecting community, household and individual zoonotic disease risk dynamics, based on available resources and social networks before, during and after displacement, rooted in the historical, political and socioeconomic context. We conclude that in rural Sindh, disaster displaced populations' risk of zoonoses is the result of changes in dynamics rooted in pre-existing structural and chronic inequalities, making people more or less vulnerable to disease through multiple interlinked pathways. Our findings have implications for policy makers and humanitarian responders assisting displaced populations dependent on livestock, with a call to integrate livestock support in humanitarian policies and responses for health, survival and recovery.
Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can d... more Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can deny the subject matter of Social Psychology. It possesses academic importance in different department of social sciences; particularly in Sociology. On other end social psychology as an independent subject could not introduce its solo identity in the higher educational institutions in countries like Pakistan, It remains under umbrella of Sociology or Psychology; whereas; it is emerged as an independent subject in the discipline of humanities and social sciences in developed countries. There is great importance of Social Psychology in the fields like Politics, Media Advertisement and Education. A social psychologist can mold the psychology of a person towards a particular object more efficiently than lay man. Most of the commercials in the media are based on propaganda and social psychologist can play a vital role in the field. This article is based on explanatory research through secondary sources and personal field observation of author by teaching the subject in the higher educational institution. This article focuses on the scope and importance of social psychology and it also focuses subject's independent identity in the higher educational institutions of Pakistan. So, the Pakistani society can meet the challenges in the fields of Education, Commercialization and Politics.
The Sindh University Journal of Education - SUJE, Dec 10, 2010
Wearing of bangles is necessary for a married woman in Hindu communities in Pakistan. Bangles are... more Wearing of bangles is necessary for a married woman in Hindu communities in Pakistan. Bangles are considered as an important part of bride's jewelry in all communities of Pakistan. In certain communities, there is a custom which says, that gold bangles should not be worn alone by married women and should be teamed with glass bangles popularly known as kaanch ki choodiya. In some communities women are so, superstitious even; they never allow changing bangles. A simple string or even the end of her sari is wrapped around the arm, until the new set is worn. In certain communities, widows are not allowed to wear glass bangles. There are strong evidences shows, that women have been adorning; their arms with bangles since ancient times in the region. One of the oldest art objects in India, the bronze figurine of a dancing girl excavated at Mohenjo-Daro epitomizes the antiquity and the universality of wrist ornaments in the region. Ancient fragments testify that bangles were made from terracotta, stone, shell, copper, bronze, gold, silver, lac, glass and almost any material, that lent; itself to craftsmanship. From simple plain circlets of metal, to ones decorated with etched and exquisite designs of bird and animal-head terminals and studded with gems, bangles in various forms existed in ancient times.
Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using ra... more Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using raw and indigenous materials. The peculiarity of this work is that, it takes a lot of time and concentration which is totally different and more elegant than machine work. Moreover, this artistic work requires painstaking efforts. This work is done mainly by hand and with the help of few tools. Mostly the artistic women, who are doing this work, get very meager wages by the middle man, and its exploitation of their work. Sindh is the land of artistic people it has an ancient civilization dating back to 5000 years. The culture, civilization and traditional workforce of Sindh have existed since pre-historic times. The purpose of this article is to highlight and introduce the handiwork done locally by domestic women in Tando Soomro, one of the villages of district Tandoallahyar, Sindh, Pakistan.
Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using ra... more Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using raw and indigenous materials. The peculiarity of this work is that, it takes a lot of time and concentration which is totally different and more elegant than machine work. Moreover, this artistic work requires painstaking efforts. This work is done mainly by hand and with the help of few tools. Mostly the artistic women, who are doing this work, get very meager wages by the middle man, and its exploitation of their work. Sindh is the land of artistic people it has an ancient civilization dating back to 5000 years. The culture, civilization and traditional workforce of Sindh have existed since pre-historic times. The purpose of this article is to highlight and introduce the handiwork done locally by domestic women in Tando Soomro, one of the villages of district Tandoallahyar, Sindh, Pakistan.
Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can d... more Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can deny the subject matter of Social Psychology. It possesses academic importance in different department of social sciences; particularly in Sociology. On other end social psychology as an independent subject could not introduce its solo identity in the higher educational institutions in countries like Pakistan, It remains under umbrella of Sociology or Psychology; whereas; it is emerged as an independent subject in the discipline of humanities and social sciences in developed countries. There is great importance of Social Psychology in the fields like Politics, Media Advertisement and Education. A social psychologist can mold the psychology of a person towards a particular object more efficiently than lay man. Most of the commercials in the media are based on propaganda and social psychologist can play a vital role in the field. This article is based on explanatory research through secondary sources and personal field observation of author by teaching the subject in the higher educational institution. This article focuses on the scope and importance of social psychology and it also focuses subject's independent identity in the higher educational institutions of Pakistan. So, the Pakistani society can meet the challenges in the fields of Education, Commercialization and Politics.
This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, ... more This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, financial liberalisation and poverty reduction in Pakistan, between 1970' and 2000, with the aid of a rigorous co-integration analysis. A literature review provides an account of the existing models and other poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. An analysis of poverty trends (1970-2000) in Pakistan shows large variations in poverty indices during all three decades under observation, at both provincial and intra -provincial levels. Ruman development indices show that poverty is highly concentrated in rural areas. Among provinces, the rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan provinces are worst affected. The trend of poverty shows a high rise during the 1990s, a decade of slow economic growth in Pakistan. The rural poverty nexus is correlated to the agricultural land reforms and weak institutional mechanism. Ineffective public services delivery to the poor has been the result of weak institutional response. The gender poverty is also all pervasive in Pakistan, as rural women are found to be more vulnerable to poverty shocks. Institutional failure has been found to be the main cause of the rising poverty in Pakistan. To analyse the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan, we used the Dollar and Kraay model (2000) that predicts that economic growth reduces poverty. Using annual data sets for Pakistan from 1970 to 2000, our results show a positive relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. We also tested the impact of financial development and growth in Pakistan. The McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis (1973) implies that increase in real rate of interest will increase savings and investment, which will lead to higher economic growth. The co-integration tests of the McKinnon-Shaw model (1970-2000) for Pakistan could not substantiate the prediction of the model. With a significant increase in savings over the period under observation, investment failed to rise. However, overall financial intermediation plays a significant and positive role in boosting economic growth. Authoritarian governments and the nationalisation policies are largely responsible for the inability to transform savings into investment.
This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, ... more This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, financial liberalisation and poverty reduction in Pakistan, between 1970' and 2000, with the aid of a rigorous co-integration analysis. A literature review provides an account of the existing models and other poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. An analysis of poverty trends (1970-2000) in Pakistan shows large variations in poverty indices during all three decades under observation, at both provincial and intra -provincial levels. Ruman development indices show that poverty is highly concentrated in rural areas. Among provinces, the rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan provinces are worst affected. The trend of poverty shows a high rise during the 1990s, a decade of slow economic growth in Pakistan. The rural poverty nexus is correlated to the agricultural land reforms and weak institutional mechanism. Ineffective public services delivery to the poor has been the result of weak institutional response. The gender poverty is also all pervasive in Pakistan, as rural women are found to be more vulnerable to poverty shocks. Institutional failure has been found to be the main cause of the rising poverty in Pakistan. To analyse the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan, we used the Dollar and Kraay model (2000) that predicts that economic growth reduces poverty. Using annual data sets for Pakistan from 1970 to 2000, our results show a positive relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. We also tested the impact of financial development and growth in Pakistan. The McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis (1973) implies that increase in real rate of interest will increase savings and investment, which will lead to higher economic growth. The co-integration tests of the McKinnon-Shaw model (1970-2000) for Pakistan could not substantiate the prediction of the model. With a significant increase in savings over the period under observation, investment failed to rise. However, overall financial intermediation plays a significant and positive role in boosting economic growth. Authoritarian governments and the nationalisation policies are largely responsible for the inability to transform savings into investment.
Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and rela... more Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and related environmental degradation will have significant implications to global health. Pathways for infectious disease transmission including zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, are complex and non-linear. While forced migration is considered an important driver for the spread of zoonoses, actual disease dynamics remain under researched. This paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how disaster displacement affected zoonotic disease transmission risk following the 2010 ‘superfloods’ in Sindh province, Pakistan. We interviewed 30 key informants and 17 household members across 6 rural communities between March and November 2019, supported by observational studies and a review of secondary data. Results were analysed using the ecosocial theoretical framework. Buffalo, cattle and goats were often the only moveable asset, therefore livestock was an importa...
Introduction and Context:The state is the central actor in any claim to the right to education. I... more Introduction and Context:The state is the central actor in any claim to the right to education. It is the primary duty of the state to provide the free, compulsory, easily accessible and quality education to all children of the country. The state must therefore, be judged or challenged on its central text on the right to education, be it the constitution, the laws or the policies.Pakistan is signatory to more than one international declarations which assume that state is dutiful to fulfill the basic needs of its citizens. Education is considered to be one of the human rights, thus state is responsible to guarantee equal rights to all the citizens.Pakistan is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and many other declarations like World Declaration on Education for All (1990), the World Education Forum: Dakar Framework for Action (2000), the Recife Declaration of E-9 Countries (2000) and the Beijing Declaration of E-9 Countries on ICT. Despite these internatio...
Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and rela... more Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and related environmental degradation will have significant implications to global health. Pathways for infectious disease transmission including zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, are complex and non-linear. While forced migration is considered an important driver for the spread of zoonoses, actual disease dynamics remain under researched. This paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how disaster displacement affected zoonotic disease transmission risk following the 2010 'superfloods' in Sindh province, Pakistan. We interviewed 30 key informants and 17 household members across 6 rural communities between March and November 2019, supported by observational studies and a review of secondary data. Results were analysed using the ecosocial theoretical framework. Buffalo, cattle and goats were often the only moveable asset, therefore livestock was an important consideration in determining displacement modality and destination location, and crowded locations were avoided to protect human and animal health. Meanwhile however, livestock was rarely included in the humanitarian response, resulting in communities and households fragmenting according to the availability of livestock provisions. We found that rather than a driver for disease, displacement acted as a process affecting community, household and individual zoonotic disease risk dynamics, based on available resources and social networks before, during and after displacement, rooted in the historical, political and socioeconomic context. We conclude that in rural Sindh, disaster displaced populations' risk of zoonoses is the result of changes in dynamics rooted in pre-existing structural and chronic inequalities, making people more or less vulnerable to disease through multiple interlinked pathways. Our findings have implications for policy makers and humanitarian responders assisting displaced populations dependent on livestock, with a call to integrate livestock support in humanitarian policies and responses for health, survival and recovery.
Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can d... more Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can deny the subject matter of Social Psychology. It possesses academic importance in different department of social sciences; particularly in Sociology. On other end social psychology as an independent subject could not introduce its solo identity in the higher educational institutions in countries like Pakistan, It remains under umbrella of Sociology or Psychology; whereas; it is emerged as an independent subject in the discipline of humanities and social sciences in developed countries. There is great importance of Social Psychology in the fields like Politics, Media Advertisement and Education. A social psychologist can mold the psychology of a person towards a particular object more efficiently than lay man. Most of the commercials in the media are based on propaganda and social psychologist can play a vital role in the field. This article is based on explanatory research through secondary sources and personal field observation of author by teaching the subject in the higher educational institution. This article focuses on the scope and importance of social psychology and it also focuses subject's independent identity in the higher educational institutions of Pakistan. So, the Pakistani society can meet the challenges in the fields of Education, Commercialization and Politics.
The Sindh University Journal of Education - SUJE, Dec 10, 2010
Wearing of bangles is necessary for a married woman in Hindu communities in Pakistan. Bangles are... more Wearing of bangles is necessary for a married woman in Hindu communities in Pakistan. Bangles are considered as an important part of bride's jewelry in all communities of Pakistan. In certain communities, there is a custom which says, that gold bangles should not be worn alone by married women and should be teamed with glass bangles popularly known as kaanch ki choodiya. In some communities women are so, superstitious even; they never allow changing bangles. A simple string or even the end of her sari is wrapped around the arm, until the new set is worn. In certain communities, widows are not allowed to wear glass bangles. There are strong evidences shows, that women have been adorning; their arms with bangles since ancient times in the region. One of the oldest art objects in India, the bronze figurine of a dancing girl excavated at Mohenjo-Daro epitomizes the antiquity and the universality of wrist ornaments in the region. Ancient fragments testify that bangles were made from terracotta, stone, shell, copper, bronze, gold, silver, lac, glass and almost any material, that lent; itself to craftsmanship. From simple plain circlets of metal, to ones decorated with etched and exquisite designs of bird and animal-head terminals and studded with gems, bangles in various forms existed in ancient times.
Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using ra... more Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using raw and indigenous materials. The peculiarity of this work is that, it takes a lot of time and concentration which is totally different and more elegant than machine work. Moreover, this artistic work requires painstaking efforts. This work is done mainly by hand and with the help of few tools. Mostly the artistic women, who are doing this work, get very meager wages by the middle man, and its exploitation of their work. Sindh is the land of artistic people it has an ancient civilization dating back to 5000 years. The culture, civilization and traditional workforce of Sindh have existed since pre-historic times. The purpose of this article is to highlight and introduce the handiwork done locally by domestic women in Tando Soomro, one of the villages of district Tandoallahyar, Sindh, Pakistan.
Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using ra... more Handicraft is handiwork done manually by local and traditional people, creating products using raw and indigenous materials. The peculiarity of this work is that, it takes a lot of time and concentration which is totally different and more elegant than machine work. Moreover, this artistic work requires painstaking efforts. This work is done mainly by hand and with the help of few tools. Mostly the artistic women, who are doing this work, get very meager wages by the middle man, and its exploitation of their work. Sindh is the land of artistic people it has an ancient civilization dating back to 5000 years. The culture, civilization and traditional workforce of Sindh have existed since pre-historic times. The purpose of this article is to highlight and introduce the handiwork done locally by domestic women in Tando Soomro, one of the villages of district Tandoallahyar, Sindh, Pakistan.
Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can d... more Social psychology is the scientific study of behavior of the individual in Society. No, one can deny the subject matter of Social Psychology. It possesses academic importance in different department of social sciences; particularly in Sociology. On other end social psychology as an independent subject could not introduce its solo identity in the higher educational institutions in countries like Pakistan, It remains under umbrella of Sociology or Psychology; whereas; it is emerged as an independent subject in the discipline of humanities and social sciences in developed countries. There is great importance of Social Psychology in the fields like Politics, Media Advertisement and Education. A social psychologist can mold the psychology of a person towards a particular object more efficiently than lay man. Most of the commercials in the media are based on propaganda and social psychologist can play a vital role in the field. This article is based on explanatory research through secondary sources and personal field observation of author by teaching the subject in the higher educational institution. This article focuses on the scope and importance of social psychology and it also focuses subject's independent identity in the higher educational institutions of Pakistan. So, the Pakistani society can meet the challenges in the fields of Education, Commercialization and Politics.
This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, ... more This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, financial liberalisation and poverty reduction in Pakistan, between 1970' and 2000, with the aid of a rigorous co-integration analysis. A literature review provides an account of the existing models and other poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. An analysis of poverty trends (1970-2000) in Pakistan shows large variations in poverty indices during all three decades under observation, at both provincial and intra -provincial levels. Ruman development indices show that poverty is highly concentrated in rural areas. Among provinces, the rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan provinces are worst affected. The trend of poverty shows a high rise during the 1990s, a decade of slow economic growth in Pakistan. The rural poverty nexus is correlated to the agricultural land reforms and weak institutional mechanism. Ineffective public services delivery to the poor has been the result of weak institutional response. The gender poverty is also all pervasive in Pakistan, as rural women are found to be more vulnerable to poverty shocks. Institutional failure has been found to be the main cause of the rising poverty in Pakistan. To analyse the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan, we used the Dollar and Kraay model (2000) that predicts that economic growth reduces poverty. Using annual data sets for Pakistan from 1970 to 2000, our results show a positive relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. We also tested the impact of financial development and growth in Pakistan. The McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis (1973) implies that increase in real rate of interest will increase savings and investment, which will lead to higher economic growth. The co-integration tests of the McKinnon-Shaw model (1970-2000) for Pakistan could not substantiate the prediction of the model. With a significant increase in savings over the period under observation, investment failed to rise. However, overall financial intermediation plays a significant and positive role in boosting economic growth. Authoritarian governments and the nationalisation policies are largely responsible for the inability to transform savings into investment.
This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, ... more This thesis investigates, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic growth, financial liberalisation and poverty reduction in Pakistan, between 1970' and 2000, with the aid of a rigorous co-integration analysis. A literature review provides an account of the existing models and other poverty reduction strategies in Pakistan. An analysis of poverty trends (1970-2000) in Pakistan shows large variations in poverty indices during all three decades under observation, at both provincial and intra -provincial levels. Ruman development indices show that poverty is highly concentrated in rural areas. Among provinces, the rural areas of Sindh and Balochistan provinces are worst affected. The trend of poverty shows a high rise during the 1990s, a decade of slow economic growth in Pakistan. The rural poverty nexus is correlated to the agricultural land reforms and weak institutional mechanism. Ineffective public services delivery to the poor has been the result of weak institutional response. The gender poverty is also all pervasive in Pakistan, as rural women are found to be more vulnerable to poverty shocks. Institutional failure has been found to be the main cause of the rising poverty in Pakistan. To analyse the relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan, we used the Dollar and Kraay model (2000) that predicts that economic growth reduces poverty. Using annual data sets for Pakistan from 1970 to 2000, our results show a positive relationship between economic growth and poverty reduction in Pakistan. We also tested the impact of financial development and growth in Pakistan. The McKinnon-Shaw hypothesis (1973) implies that increase in real rate of interest will increase savings and investment, which will lead to higher economic growth. The co-integration tests of the McKinnon-Shaw model (1970-2000) for Pakistan could not substantiate the prediction of the model. With a significant increase in savings over the period under observation, investment failed to rise. However, overall financial intermediation plays a significant and positive role in boosting economic growth. Authoritarian governments and the nationalisation policies are largely responsible for the inability to transform savings into investment.
Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and rela... more Projected increases in human and animal displacement driven by climate change, disasters and related environmental degradation will have significant implications to global health. Pathways for infectious disease transmission including zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, are complex and non-linear. While forced migration is considered an important driver for the spread of zoonoses, actual disease dynamics remain under researched. This paper presents the findings of a case study investigating how disaster displacement affected zoonotic disease transmission risk following the 2010 ‘superfloods’ in Sindh province, Pakistan. We interviewed 30 key informants and 17 household members across 6 rural communities between March and November 2019, supported by observational studies and a review of secondary data. Results were analysed using the ecosocial theoretical framework. Buffalo, cattle and goats were often the only moveable asset, therefore livestock was an importa...
Introduction and Context:The state is the central actor in any claim to the right to education. I... more Introduction and Context:The state is the central actor in any claim to the right to education. It is the primary duty of the state to provide the free, compulsory, easily accessible and quality education to all children of the country. The state must therefore, be judged or challenged on its central text on the right to education, be it the constitution, the laws or the policies.Pakistan is signatory to more than one international declarations which assume that state is dutiful to fulfill the basic needs of its citizens. Education is considered to be one of the human rights, thus state is responsible to guarantee equal rights to all the citizens.Pakistan is a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and many other declarations like World Declaration on Education for All (1990), the World Education Forum: Dakar Framework for Action (2000), the Recife Declaration of E-9 Countries (2000) and the Beijing Declaration of E-9 Countries on ICT. Despite these internatio...
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