Past experimental work found that rill erosion occurs mainly during rill formation in response to... more Past experimental work found that rill erosion occurs mainly during rill formation in response to feedback between rill-flow hydraulics and rill-bed roughness, and that this feedback mechanism shapes rill beds into a succession of step-pool units that self-regulates sediment transport capacity of established rills. The search for clear regularities in the spatial distribution of step-pool units has been stymied by experimental rill-bed profiles exhibiting irregular fluctuating patterns of qualitative behavior. We hypothesized that the succession of step-pool units is governed by nonlinear-deterministic dynamics, which would explain observed irregular fluctuations. We tested this hypothesis with nonlinear time series analysis to reverse-engineer (reconstruct) state-space dynamics from fifteen experimental rill-bed profiles analyzed in previous work. Our results support this hypothesis for rill-bed profiles generated both in a controlled lab (flume) setting and in an in-situ hillside ...
Rills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve mo... more Rills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve morphologically over short timescales due to a strong interaction between the flow and bed morphology. Such an interaction generates a reconfiguration of the bed geometry. Previous works suggest that bed geometry is often characterized by alternation between pools and flat reaches (steps). Each step–pool unit may contribute to hydraulic resistance and affects flow behaviour. The objectives of this work are (i) to assess different (innovative) techniques for the in‐situ assessment of rill bed geometry, (ii) to use these techniques to assess the geometry of eroded rills in situ in order to determine the spatial arrangement in the bed macro‐scale roughness and (iii) finally to analyse the role of slope and discharge as driving factors associated with the development of these macroforms.Roughly rectilinear, long rills were formed in the field as a result of combining different slope and discha...
The Government of Navarre (Spain) established a series of experimental watersheds on different si... more The Government of Navarre (Spain) established a series of experimental watersheds on different sites of its territory in order to assess the impact of the agricultural activities on the environment. Hydrological/meteorological and water quality data are continuously monitored. In this paper, data recorded –precipitation, runoff, sediment, nitrate and phosphate– in two grain-sown watersheds (La Tejería and Latxaga) and in a third one (Oskotz) covered with forest and pasture (cattle-breeding) with a sub-watershed almost entirely under forest, are analyzed; the information covers a period of ca. 15 years. The inter/intra annual variability of the involved processes are studied as well as their impact on the water quality and on the ecosystem. The majority of the sediments yielded in the watersheds are registered during winter, though most of the erosive rainfalls occurred in summer. This is because of the easy-prone runoff that prevailed during winter due to the (much) higher water con...
RESUMEN. La actividad agraria está ampliamente afectada por las fluctuantes condiciones socio-eco... more RESUMEN. La actividad agraria está ampliamente afectada por las fluctuantes condiciones socio-económicas de la zona donde se enmarca. Es así que, una adecuada gestión de terrenos agrarios debería prever potenciales cambios en el uso de la tierra y las consecuencias de diversa índole derivadas de los mismos. Para ello, los modelos hidrológicos de simulación son una valiosa ayuda En Navarra, el modelo AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model) ha sido exhaustivamente evaluado, concretamente en los buenos secanos cerealeros, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. En este trabajo se dan los rudimentos de la posible aplicación de este modelo en la gestión de la actividad agraria en territorio navarro. En una pequeña cuenca cerealista se recrean distintos escenarios, con cultivos alternativos al actual. En cada caso, se analiza el efecto de estos cambios en la generación-promedio anual-de escorrentía y sedimentos, a la salida de la cuenca. El modelo AnnAGNPS se presenta como una promisoria herramienta de gestión de tierras agrarias en ambientes mediterráneos. Computer tools for agricultural land management: potentials of the AnnAGNPS model in Navarra ABSTRACT. The Agricultural activity is largely affected by the fluctuating socioeconomic conditions of the region. Thus, an appropriate management of any agricultural land should anticipate potential changes in the land use and their consequences. For this, hydrological models are valuable aids. In Navarre, AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model) has been extensively evaluated, specifically in dry lands devoted to cereals. In sums, satisfactory results were obtained. In this paper the rudiment of the possible application of this model in the management of the agricultural activity in Navarre is given.
The relatively recent recognition of the importance of ephemeral gully erosion in agricultural fi... more The relatively recent recognition of the importance of ephemeral gully erosion in agricultural fields in Europe explains that so far only a few mathematical models have included algorithms to simulate this type of concentrated flow erosion. Precisely, a conceptual and numerical framework was recently incorporated in the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model to simulate gully initiation and development in order to assess the impact of gully erosion (sediment production) on management practices at watershed scale. More precisely, the Compound Topographic Index (CTI) approach was integrated within the existing AnnAGNPS GIS interface in order to identify the Potential Ephemeral Gully (PEG) mouth throughout a watershed. In addition, the Tillage-Induced Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (TIEGEM) was also incorporated into AnnAGNPS to estimate ephemeral gully development.
Introduction: The VISIONARY study demonstrated statistically significant intraocular pressure (IO... more Introduction: The VISIONARY study demonstrated statistically significant intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions with the preservative-free fixed-dose combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients, sub-optimally controlled with topical prostaglandin analogue (PGA) or beta-blocker monotherapy. Current subanalyses have examined these data according to the baseline monotherapy. Methods: A European, prospective, observational study included adults (aged C 18 years) with OAG or OHT, who were switched to the PF tafluprost/timolol FC from PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy. Treatment outcomes were reported according to prior monotherapy subgroup: beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PFlatanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost. Endpoints included the mean change from baseline regarding IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) at Week 4 and Week 12, and at Month 6. Results: The subanalysis included 577 patients. All prior monotherapy subgroups demonstrated statistically significant IOP reductions from baseline at Week 4, that were maintained through Month 6 (p\0.001). Mean (SD) IOP change at Month 6 was 6.6 (4.16), 6.3 (4.39), 5.6 (3.67), 4.9 (2.97), 4.6 (4.39), and 4.7 (3.64) mmHg for prior beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PF-latanoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost subgroups, respectively. The C 20%, C 25%, C 30%, and C 35% IOP reduction categories at Month 6, demonstrating respective reductions of 8.06, 9.20, 10.64, and 11.55 mmHg. CFS was significantly reduced at Month 6 in the prior bimatoprost subgroup (p = 0.0013). Conjunctival hyperemia severity was significantly reduced at each study visit for prior preserved latanoprost users (p\0.001). Conclusion: PF tafluprost/timolol FC therapy provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions from Week 4 over the total 6-month period, in patients with OAG/OHT, regardless of the type of prior PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy used. Conjunctival hyperemia severity and CFS decreased significantly in prior bimatoprost and preserved latanoprost users, respectively.
should have appeared with his full name and surname (Jose Javier Garcia-Medina). Thus, he was inc... more should have appeared with his full name and surname (Jose Javier Garcia-Medina). Thus, he was incorrectly identified in PubMed as Medina JG. The correct name should display as Garcia-Medina JJ.
Introduction: A non-interventional, multicenter, European, prospective evaluation of the effectiv... more Introduction: A non-interventional, multicenter, European, prospective evaluation of the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of a topical preservative-free tafluprost (0.0015%) and timolol (0.5%) fixed-dose combination (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in adults with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) demonstrating insufficient response to topical beta-receptor blockers or prostaglandin analogue (PGA) monotherapy. Methods: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) change from baseline was measured at study visits following a switch to PF tafluprost/timolol FC. Primary endpoint was absolute mean IOP change at month 6. Change from baseline concerning ocular signs and symptoms was also explored. Results: Analyses included 577 patients (59.6% female). Mean age (SD) was 67.8 (11.67) years. Mean (SD) IOP reduction from baseline was significant at all study visits; 5.4 (3.76) mmHg (23.7%) at week 4, 5.9 (3.90) mmHg (25.6%) at week 12, and 5.7 (4.11) mmHg (24.9%) at month 6 (p \ 0.0001 for all visits). At month 6, 69.2%, 53.6%, 40.0%, and 25.8% were responders based on C 20%, C 25%, C 30%, and C 35% cutoff values for mean IOP, respectively. Significant reductions were observed concerning corneal fluorescein staining (p \ 0.0001), dry eye symptoms, irritation, itching, and foreign body sensation (p \ 0.001 for each parameter). Conjunctival hyperemia was significantly reduced at all study visits (p \ 0.0001 at each visit). Overall, 69 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported, one of which was serious (status asthmaticus). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity, and the majority had resolved or were resolving at the end of the study period. Conclusion: In clinical practice, PF tafluprost/timolol FC provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions in patients with OAG and OHT insufficiently controlled on or intolerant to PGA or beta-receptor blocker monotherapy. The full IOP reduction appeared at week 4 and was maintained over the 6-month study period. Key symptoms of ocular surface health improved.
Much of the research on (ephemeral) gully erosion comprises the determination of the geometry of ... more Much of the research on (ephemeral) gully erosion comprises the determination of the geometry of these eroded channels, especially their width and depth. This is not a simple task due to uncertainty generated by the wide range of variability in gully cross section shapes found in the field. However, in the literature, this uncertainty is not recognized so that no criteria for their measurement are indicated. The aim of this work is to make researchers aware of the ambiguity that arises when characterizing the geometry of an ephemeral gully and similar eroded channels. In addition, a measurement protocol is proposed with the ultimate goal of pooling criteria in future works. It is suggested that the geometry of a gully could be characterized through its mean equivalent width and mean equivalent depth, which, together with its length, define an "equivalent prismatic gully" (EPG). The latter would facilitate the comparison between different gullies.
Gully erosion is a phenomenon that provokes important in-site and off-site damages in Navarre (Sp... more Gully erosion is a phenomenon that provokes important in-site and off-site damages in Navarre (Spain). Precisely, ephemeral gullies are common erosion features in agricultural fields of this region. Extensive field monitoring has been carried out by the authors in order to quantify this form of erosion, but much less effort was devoted to the modelling of this phenomenon. In fact, physically based prediction technology to assess the magnitude of ephemeral gully erosion is currently scarce. To address this issue, a conceptual and numerical framework was recently incorporated in the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model in which ephemeral gully development, growth, and associated soil losses are simulated. However, field evaluation is still limited. This approach incorporates analytic formulations for plunge pool erosion and headcut retreat within single or multiple storm events. In this work, preliminary results in the evaluation of AnnAGNPS capabilities to estima...
2012 5th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security - Proceedings of NTMS 2012 Conference and Workshops, 2012
Abstract Trust calculation to inform privacy recommendations based on context information involve... more Abstract Trust calculation to inform privacy recommendations based on context information involvement (eg location information, nearby people) is an increasing need in pervasive environments. In this paper we present a multidimensional trust metric designed for access control decisions in scenarios of the EU funded digital. me project. Thereby each involved context information could represent a separate trust dimension. In the focus is the correctness of the suggested trust metric towards meaningful privacy recommendations ...
Past experimental work found that rill erosion occurs mainly during rill formation in response to... more Past experimental work found that rill erosion occurs mainly during rill formation in response to feedback between rill-flow hydraulics and rill-bed roughness, and that this feedback mechanism shapes rill beds into a succession of step-pool units that self-regulates sediment transport capacity of established rills. The search for clear regularities in the spatial distribution of step-pool units has been stymied by experimental rill-bed profiles exhibiting irregular fluctuating patterns of qualitative behavior. We hypothesized that the succession of step-pool units is governed by nonlinear-deterministic dynamics, which would explain observed irregular fluctuations. We tested this hypothesis with nonlinear time series analysis to reverse-engineer (reconstruct) state-space dynamics from fifteen experimental rill-bed profiles analyzed in previous work. Our results support this hypothesis for rill-bed profiles generated both in a controlled lab (flume) setting and in an in-situ hillside ...
Rills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve mo... more Rills are generated on homogeneous hillslopes by the action of different discharges and evolve morphologically over short timescales due to a strong interaction between the flow and bed morphology. Such an interaction generates a reconfiguration of the bed geometry. Previous works suggest that bed geometry is often characterized by alternation between pools and flat reaches (steps). Each step–pool unit may contribute to hydraulic resistance and affects flow behaviour. The objectives of this work are (i) to assess different (innovative) techniques for the in‐situ assessment of rill bed geometry, (ii) to use these techniques to assess the geometry of eroded rills in situ in order to determine the spatial arrangement in the bed macro‐scale roughness and (iii) finally to analyse the role of slope and discharge as driving factors associated with the development of these macroforms.Roughly rectilinear, long rills were formed in the field as a result of combining different slope and discha...
The Government of Navarre (Spain) established a series of experimental watersheds on different si... more The Government of Navarre (Spain) established a series of experimental watersheds on different sites of its territory in order to assess the impact of the agricultural activities on the environment. Hydrological/meteorological and water quality data are continuously monitored. In this paper, data recorded –precipitation, runoff, sediment, nitrate and phosphate– in two grain-sown watersheds (La Tejería and Latxaga) and in a third one (Oskotz) covered with forest and pasture (cattle-breeding) with a sub-watershed almost entirely under forest, are analyzed; the information covers a period of ca. 15 years. The inter/intra annual variability of the involved processes are studied as well as their impact on the water quality and on the ecosystem. The majority of the sediments yielded in the watersheds are registered during winter, though most of the erosive rainfalls occurred in summer. This is because of the easy-prone runoff that prevailed during winter due to the (much) higher water con...
RESUMEN. La actividad agraria está ampliamente afectada por las fluctuantes condiciones socio-eco... more RESUMEN. La actividad agraria está ampliamente afectada por las fluctuantes condiciones socio-económicas de la zona donde se enmarca. Es así que, una adecuada gestión de terrenos agrarios debería prever potenciales cambios en el uso de la tierra y las consecuencias de diversa índole derivadas de los mismos. Para ello, los modelos hidrológicos de simulación son una valiosa ayuda En Navarra, el modelo AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model) ha sido exhaustivamente evaluado, concretamente en los buenos secanos cerealeros, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios. En este trabajo se dan los rudimentos de la posible aplicación de este modelo en la gestión de la actividad agraria en territorio navarro. En una pequeña cuenca cerealista se recrean distintos escenarios, con cultivos alternativos al actual. En cada caso, se analiza el efecto de estos cambios en la generación-promedio anual-de escorrentía y sedimentos, a la salida de la cuenca. El modelo AnnAGNPS se presenta como una promisoria herramienta de gestión de tierras agrarias en ambientes mediterráneos. Computer tools for agricultural land management: potentials of the AnnAGNPS model in Navarra ABSTRACT. The Agricultural activity is largely affected by the fluctuating socioeconomic conditions of the region. Thus, an appropriate management of any agricultural land should anticipate potential changes in the land use and their consequences. For this, hydrological models are valuable aids. In Navarre, AnnAGNPS (Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model) has been extensively evaluated, specifically in dry lands devoted to cereals. In sums, satisfactory results were obtained. In this paper the rudiment of the possible application of this model in the management of the agricultural activity in Navarre is given.
The relatively recent recognition of the importance of ephemeral gully erosion in agricultural fi... more The relatively recent recognition of the importance of ephemeral gully erosion in agricultural fields in Europe explains that so far only a few mathematical models have included algorithms to simulate this type of concentrated flow erosion. Precisely, a conceptual and numerical framework was recently incorporated in the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model to simulate gully initiation and development in order to assess the impact of gully erosion (sediment production) on management practices at watershed scale. More precisely, the Compound Topographic Index (CTI) approach was integrated within the existing AnnAGNPS GIS interface in order to identify the Potential Ephemeral Gully (PEG) mouth throughout a watershed. In addition, the Tillage-Induced Ephemeral Gully Erosion Model (TIEGEM) was also incorporated into AnnAGNPS to estimate ephemeral gully development.
Introduction: The VISIONARY study demonstrated statistically significant intraocular pressure (IO... more Introduction: The VISIONARY study demonstrated statistically significant intraocular pressure (IOP) reductions with the preservative-free fixed-dose combination of tafluprost 0.0015% and timolol 0.5% (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) patients, sub-optimally controlled with topical prostaglandin analogue (PGA) or beta-blocker monotherapy. Current subanalyses have examined these data according to the baseline monotherapy. Methods: A European, prospective, observational study included adults (aged C 18 years) with OAG or OHT, who were switched to the PF tafluprost/timolol FC from PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy. Treatment outcomes were reported according to prior monotherapy subgroup: beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PFlatanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost. Endpoints included the mean change from baseline regarding IOP, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) at Week 4 and Week 12, and at Month 6. Results: The subanalysis included 577 patients. All prior monotherapy subgroups demonstrated statistically significant IOP reductions from baseline at Week 4, that were maintained through Month 6 (p\0.001). Mean (SD) IOP change at Month 6 was 6.6 (4.16), 6.3 (4.39), 5.6 (3.67), 4.9 (2.97), 4.6 (4.39), and 4.7 (3.64) mmHg for prior beta-blocker, preserved latanoprost, PF-latanoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost subgroups, respectively. The C 20%, C 25%, C 30%, and C 35% IOP reduction categories at Month 6, demonstrating respective reductions of 8.06, 9.20, 10.64, and 11.55 mmHg. CFS was significantly reduced at Month 6 in the prior bimatoprost subgroup (p = 0.0013). Conjunctival hyperemia severity was significantly reduced at each study visit for prior preserved latanoprost users (p\0.001). Conclusion: PF tafluprost/timolol FC therapy provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions from Week 4 over the total 6-month period, in patients with OAG/OHT, regardless of the type of prior PGA or beta-blocker monotherapy used. Conjunctival hyperemia severity and CFS decreased significantly in prior bimatoprost and preserved latanoprost users, respectively.
should have appeared with his full name and surname (Jose Javier Garcia-Medina). Thus, he was inc... more should have appeared with his full name and surname (Jose Javier Garcia-Medina). Thus, he was incorrectly identified in PubMed as Medina JG. The correct name should display as Garcia-Medina JJ.
Introduction: A non-interventional, multicenter, European, prospective evaluation of the effectiv... more Introduction: A non-interventional, multicenter, European, prospective evaluation of the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of a topical preservative-free tafluprost (0.0015%) and timolol (0.5%) fixed-dose combination (PF tafluprost/timolol FC) in adults with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OHT) demonstrating insufficient response to topical beta-receptor blockers or prostaglandin analogue (PGA) monotherapy. Methods: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) change from baseline was measured at study visits following a switch to PF tafluprost/timolol FC. Primary endpoint was absolute mean IOP change at month 6. Change from baseline concerning ocular signs and symptoms was also explored. Results: Analyses included 577 patients (59.6% female). Mean age (SD) was 67.8 (11.67) years. Mean (SD) IOP reduction from baseline was significant at all study visits; 5.4 (3.76) mmHg (23.7%) at week 4, 5.9 (3.90) mmHg (25.6%) at week 12, and 5.7 (4.11) mmHg (24.9%) at month 6 (p \ 0.0001 for all visits). At month 6, 69.2%, 53.6%, 40.0%, and 25.8% were responders based on C 20%, C 25%, C 30%, and C 35% cutoff values for mean IOP, respectively. Significant reductions were observed concerning corneal fluorescein staining (p \ 0.0001), dry eye symptoms, irritation, itching, and foreign body sensation (p \ 0.001 for each parameter). Conjunctival hyperemia was significantly reduced at all study visits (p \ 0.0001 at each visit). Overall, 69 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were reported, one of which was serious (status asthmaticus). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity, and the majority had resolved or were resolving at the end of the study period. Conclusion: In clinical practice, PF tafluprost/timolol FC provided statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions in patients with OAG and OHT insufficiently controlled on or intolerant to PGA or beta-receptor blocker monotherapy. The full IOP reduction appeared at week 4 and was maintained over the 6-month study period. Key symptoms of ocular surface health improved.
Much of the research on (ephemeral) gully erosion comprises the determination of the geometry of ... more Much of the research on (ephemeral) gully erosion comprises the determination of the geometry of these eroded channels, especially their width and depth. This is not a simple task due to uncertainty generated by the wide range of variability in gully cross section shapes found in the field. However, in the literature, this uncertainty is not recognized so that no criteria for their measurement are indicated. The aim of this work is to make researchers aware of the ambiguity that arises when characterizing the geometry of an ephemeral gully and similar eroded channels. In addition, a measurement protocol is proposed with the ultimate goal of pooling criteria in future works. It is suggested that the geometry of a gully could be characterized through its mean equivalent width and mean equivalent depth, which, together with its length, define an "equivalent prismatic gully" (EPG). The latter would facilitate the comparison between different gullies.
Gully erosion is a phenomenon that provokes important in-site and off-site damages in Navarre (Sp... more Gully erosion is a phenomenon that provokes important in-site and off-site damages in Navarre (Spain). Precisely, ephemeral gullies are common erosion features in agricultural fields of this region. Extensive field monitoring has been carried out by the authors in order to quantify this form of erosion, but much less effort was devoted to the modelling of this phenomenon. In fact, physically based prediction technology to assess the magnitude of ephemeral gully erosion is currently scarce. To address this issue, a conceptual and numerical framework was recently incorporated in the Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source (AnnAGNPS) model in which ephemeral gully development, growth, and associated soil losses are simulated. However, field evaluation is still limited. This approach incorporates analytic formulations for plunge pool erosion and headcut retreat within single or multiple storm events. In this work, preliminary results in the evaluation of AnnAGNPS capabilities to estima...
2012 5th International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security - Proceedings of NTMS 2012 Conference and Workshops, 2012
Abstract Trust calculation to inform privacy recommendations based on context information involve... more Abstract Trust calculation to inform privacy recommendations based on context information involvement (eg location information, nearby people) is an increasing need in pervasive environments. In this paper we present a multidimensional trust metric designed for access control decisions in scenarios of the EU funded digital. me project. Thereby each involved context information could represent a separate trust dimension. In the focus is the correctness of the suggested trust metric towards meaningful privacy recommendations ...
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Papers by Rafael Gimenez