Rising sea levels are caused by climate change and global warming which is characterized by an in... more Rising sea levels are caused by climate change and global warming which is characterized by an increase in air temperature, especially the earth’s atmosphere. Rising sea levels can cause accretion or erosion of a country which causes a shift in the boundaries of the coastal state. This natural phenomenon becomes a problem in determining the baseline of the coastal state territory because international law of the sea has not specifically regulated the shift in the boundaries of the coastal state due to climate change and global warming. This study examines the legal consequences of shifting state sea boundaries due to climate change according to international law and the rights of third countries to shifting state sea boundaries due to climate change. A third State may advise the coastal State to update baselines and maps of areas lost due to rising sea levels to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. This action can provide benefits for all parties, especially disadvantaged co...
Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a... more Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and methods. A 6-month prospective study was conducted in a NICU. All neonatal hospital infections were registered, and microorganisms were isolated by standard methods. Their susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results. One hundred and fifty-four neonatal nosocomial infections were detected. 87% of all infections were supported by a microbiological diagnosis, and 144 pathogens were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant (80%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp. (47.9%), Pseudomonas spp, (23.6%), Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. (8.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) were the most frequent reported gram-positive bacteria. All microorganisms showed resistance to most of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion. Environmental control...
International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 2018
This article presents a new approach aiming to reduce gear vibration and weight by modifying its ... more This article presents a new approach aiming to reduce gear vibration and weight by modifying its body structure. The primary objective was to reduce vibration and noise emission of spur gears. For this purpose, a solid gear body was replaced by a lattice structure, which was expected to raise the torsional compliance of the body. The lattice structure was configured and optimized by a FE-based topology optimization software. For experimental purposes, the optimized gear was produced from Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI using Selective Laser Melting technique. In the tests, the sound pressure of various running gear pairs was measured in order to estimate and compare the properties of a solid gear, of a lattice gear, and of a lattice gear, filled with polymer to increase the structural damping. It was experimentally confirmed that the cellular lattice structure of a gear body and addition of a polymer matrix may significantly reduce the vibration.
Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2009
The aim of this study was to conduct a pharmaceutical care programme for two different anaestheti... more The aim of this study was to conduct a pharmaceutical care programme for two different anaesthetic methods used during scoliosis surgery, to investigate which method ensured better intraoperative haemodynamic stability and postoperative pain control. Methods: A clinical pharmacist actively participated in a prospective randomised double blind study for 40 patients who had a physical status class I-II ASA, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, who were randomly allocated into two groups, 20 in each group. Both groups received midazolam preoperatively, propofol, sevuflorane, atracurium, and either remifentanil infusion 0.2 μg/kg/min for (Group 1 = G1), or the same dose of remifentanil infusion and low dose ketamine infusion 1 μg/kg/min (Group 2 = G2), antidote medications and postoperative morphine. Patients were subject to a pharmaceutical care programme. Heart rate HR, MAP, vital signs, surgical bleeding, urine output, time to accomplish the wake up test, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia were recorded. In postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for 24 hours, the recovery time, the first pain score and analgesic requirements were assessed. All drugs used were documented in medical charts for statistical analysis. Results: Intraoperative heart rate and arterial blood pressure were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G1 as compared with G2. In the (PACU) the first pain score recordings were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G2 than G1. The time which passed until the first patient analgesia demand dose was greater in G2 and morphine consumption was greater in G1 than G2 (p < 0.05). The rest of the results were not significantly different between the two groups. None of the patients had any allergic or adverse drug reaction to any of the medications. Conclusions: Adding a low dose ketamine hydrochloride infusion during scoliosis surgery could be applied as a routine therapy to improve the haemodynamic stability during the surgery and reduce the postoperative morphine consumption. A pharmaceutical care programme tested in this study gave a high score for patient satisfaction.
Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2010
This study is aimed at conducting a program for two different anesthetic methods used during a sp... more This study is aimed at conducting a program for two different anesthetic methods used during a spinal fusion surgery to ensure better intra-operative hemodynamic stability and post-operative pain control. A prospective, randomized, double blind study in patients scheduled for spinal fusion surgery, who were randomly allocated to two groups, G1 and G2, (n = 15 per group), class I-II ASA, was carried out. Both groups received pre-operatively midazolam, followed intra-operatively by propofol, sevoflurane, atracurium, and either remifentanil infusion 0.2 microg/kg/min (G1), or the same dose of remifentanil infusion and low doses of ketamine infusion 1 microg/kg/min (G2) anesthetics, antidote medication and post-operative morphine doses. HR, MAP, vital signs, surgical bleeding, urine output, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia were recorded. In a 24-h recovery period in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) the recovery time, the first pain score and analgesic requirements were measured. Intra-operative HR and arterial BP were significantly less (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in G1 as compared to G2. In the PACU the first pain scores were significantly less (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in G2 than in G1. The time for the first patient analgesia demand dose was greater in G2, as also morphine consumption which was greater in G1 than G2 (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Other results were the same. None of the patients had any adverse drug reaction. Adding low doses of ketamine hydrochloride could be a routine therapy to improve the hemodynamic stability and reduce the post-operative morphine consumption during spinal fusion surgery.
Rising sea levels are caused by climate change and global warming which is characterized by an in... more Rising sea levels are caused by climate change and global warming which is characterized by an increase in air temperature, especially the earth’s atmosphere. Rising sea levels can cause accretion or erosion of a country which causes a shift in the boundaries of the coastal state. This natural phenomenon becomes a problem in determining the baseline of the coastal state territory because international law of the sea has not specifically regulated the shift in the boundaries of the coastal state due to climate change and global warming. This study examines the legal consequences of shifting state sea boundaries due to climate change according to international law and the rights of third countries to shifting state sea boundaries due to climate change. A third State may advise the coastal State to update baselines and maps of areas lost due to rising sea levels to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. This action can provide benefits for all parties, especially disadvantaged co...
Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a... more Introduction. The aim of the present study was to determine the most frequent microorganisms in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and methods. A 6-month prospective study was conducted in a NICU. All neonatal hospital infections were registered, and microorganisms were isolated by standard methods. Their susceptibility to antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Results. One hundred and fifty-four neonatal nosocomial infections were detected. 87% of all infections were supported by a microbiological diagnosis, and 144 pathogens were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were dominant (80%). The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Acinetobacter spp. (47.9%), Pseudomonas spp, (23.6%), Klebsiella/Enterobacter spp. (8.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.3%) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.3%) were the most frequent reported gram-positive bacteria. All microorganisms showed resistance to most of commonly used antibiotics. Conclusion. Environmental control...
International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 2018
This article presents a new approach aiming to reduce gear vibration and weight by modifying its ... more This article presents a new approach aiming to reduce gear vibration and weight by modifying its body structure. The primary objective was to reduce vibration and noise emission of spur gears. For this purpose, a solid gear body was replaced by a lattice structure, which was expected to raise the torsional compliance of the body. The lattice structure was configured and optimized by a FE-based topology optimization software. For experimental purposes, the optimized gear was produced from Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI using Selective Laser Melting technique. In the tests, the sound pressure of various running gear pairs was measured in order to estimate and compare the properties of a solid gear, of a lattice gear, and of a lattice gear, filled with polymer to increase the structural damping. It was experimentally confirmed that the cellular lattice structure of a gear body and addition of a polymer matrix may significantly reduce the vibration.
Southern African Journal of Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 2009
The aim of this study was to conduct a pharmaceutical care programme for two different anaestheti... more The aim of this study was to conduct a pharmaceutical care programme for two different anaesthetic methods used during scoliosis surgery, to investigate which method ensured better intraoperative haemodynamic stability and postoperative pain control. Methods: A clinical pharmacist actively participated in a prospective randomised double blind study for 40 patients who had a physical status class I-II ASA, scheduled for scoliosis surgery, who were randomly allocated into two groups, 20 in each group. Both groups received midazolam preoperatively, propofol, sevuflorane, atracurium, and either remifentanil infusion 0.2 μg/kg/min for (Group 1 = G1), or the same dose of remifentanil infusion and low dose ketamine infusion 1 μg/kg/min (Group 2 = G2), antidote medications and postoperative morphine. Patients were subject to a pharmaceutical care programme. Heart rate HR, MAP, vital signs, surgical bleeding, urine output, time to accomplish the wake up test, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia were recorded. In postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for 24 hours, the recovery time, the first pain score and analgesic requirements were assessed. All drugs used were documented in medical charts for statistical analysis. Results: Intraoperative heart rate and arterial blood pressure were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G1 as compared with G2. In the (PACU) the first pain score recordings were significantly less (p < 0.05) in G2 than G1. The time which passed until the first patient analgesia demand dose was greater in G2 and morphine consumption was greater in G1 than G2 (p < 0.05). The rest of the results were not significantly different between the two groups. None of the patients had any allergic or adverse drug reaction to any of the medications. Conclusions: Adding a low dose ketamine hydrochloride infusion during scoliosis surgery could be applied as a routine therapy to improve the haemodynamic stability during the surgery and reduce the postoperative morphine consumption. A pharmaceutical care programme tested in this study gave a high score for patient satisfaction.
Int. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2010
This study is aimed at conducting a program for two different anesthetic methods used during a sp... more This study is aimed at conducting a program for two different anesthetic methods used during a spinal fusion surgery to ensure better intra-operative hemodynamic stability and post-operative pain control. A prospective, randomized, double blind study in patients scheduled for spinal fusion surgery, who were randomly allocated to two groups, G1 and G2, (n = 15 per group), class I-II ASA, was carried out. Both groups received pre-operatively midazolam, followed intra-operatively by propofol, sevoflurane, atracurium, and either remifentanil infusion 0.2 microg/kg/min (G1), or the same dose of remifentanil infusion and low doses of ketamine infusion 1 microg/kg/min (G2) anesthetics, antidote medication and post-operative morphine doses. HR, MAP, vital signs, surgical bleeding, urine output, duration of surgery and duration of anesthesia were recorded. In a 24-h recovery period in a post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) the recovery time, the first pain score and analgesic requirements were measured. Intra-operative HR and arterial BP were significantly less (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in G1 as compared to G2. In the PACU the first pain scores were significantly less (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05) in G2 than in G1. The time for the first patient analgesia demand dose was greater in G2, as also morphine consumption which was greater in G1 than G2 (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05). Other results were the same. None of the patients had any adverse drug reaction. Adding low doses of ketamine hydrochloride could be a routine therapy to improve the hemodynamic stability and reduce the post-operative morphine consumption during spinal fusion surgery.
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